BAT4MZ - Financial Accounting Principles, (University/College Preparation)

This course introduces students to advanced accounting principles that will prepare them for post secondary studies in business. Students will learn about financial statements for various forms of business ownership and how those statements are interpreted in making business decisions. This course expands students’ knowledge of sources of financing, further develops accounting methods for assets, and introduces accounting for partnerships and corporations.

Prerequisite: Financial Accounting Fundamentals, Grade 11, University/College Preparation

BBB4MZ - International Business Fundamentals, (University/College Preparation)

This course provides an overview of the importance of international business and trade in the global economy and explores the factors that influence success in international markets. Students will learn about the techniques and strategies associated with marketing, distribution, and managing international business effectively.This course prepares students for postsecondary programs in business, including international business, marketing, and management. 

Prerequisite: None 

BOH4MZ - Business Leadership:  Management Fundamentals, (University/College Preparation)

This course focuses on the development of leadership skills used in managing a successful business. Students will analyse the role of a leader in business, with a focus on decision making, management of group dynamics, workplace stress and conflict, motivation of employees, and planning. Effective business communication skills, ethics, and social responsibility are also emphasized. 

Prerequisite: None 

CGW4UZ - World Issues: A Geographic Analysis, (University Preparation) 

In this course, students will address the challenge of creating a more sustainable and equitable world. They will explore issues involving a wide range of topics, including economic disparities, threats to the environment, globalization, human rights, and quality of life, and will analyze government policies, international agreements, and individual responsibilities relating to them. Students will apply the concepts of geographic thinking and the geographic inquiry process, including the use of spatial technologies, to investigate these complex issues and their impacts on natural and human communities around the world. 

Prerequisite: Any university or university/college preparation course in Canadian and world studies, English, or social sciences and humanities

CHI4UZ - Canada: History, Identity, and Culture, (University Preparation)

This course traces the history of Canada, with a focus on the evolution of our national identity and culture as well as the identity and culture of various groups that make up Canada. Students will explore various developments and events, both national and international, from precontact to the present, and will examine various communities in Canada and how they have contributed to identity and heritage in Canada. Students will investigate the development of culture and identity, including national identity, in Canada and how and why they have changed throughout the country’s history. They will extend their ability to apply the concepts of historical thinking and the historical inquiry process, including the interpretation and analysis of evidence, as they investigate the people, events, and forces that have shaped Canada.

Prerequisite: Any university or university/college preparation course in Canadian and world studies, English, or social sciences and humanities.

CIA4UZ - Analyzing Current Economic Issues, Environmental Focus, (University Preparation)

The objectives of this course are to examine environmental issues, such as climate change, from an economist’s perspective.  We will investigate the basic principles of economics and apply them to understand policies such as emission standards, carbon pricing, subsidies and marketing boards and how these instruments can be utilized to reduce human impact on the environment.

Prerequisite: Any Grade 11 or 12 university (U) or university/college (M) preparation course in Social Sciences and Humanities, English, or Canadian and World Studies 

CLN4UZ - Canadian and International Law, (University Preparation) 

This course explores a range of contemporary legal issues and how they are addressed in both Canadian and international law. Students will develop an understanding of the principles of Canadian and international law and of issues related to human rights and freedoms, conflict resolution, and criminal, environmental, and workplace law, both in Canada and internationally. Students will apply the concepts of legal thinking and the legal studies inquiry process, and will develop legal reasoning skills, when investigating these and other issues in both Canadian and international contexts.

Prerequisite: Any university or university/college preparation course in Canadian and world studies, English, or social sciences and humanities.

ENG4CZ - English, (College Preparation)

This course emphasizes the consolidation of literacy, communication, and critical and

creative thinking skills necessary for success in academic and daily life. Students will analyze a variety of informational and graphic texts, as well as literary texts from various

countries and cultures, and create oral, written, and media texts in a variety of forms for practical and academic purposes. An important focus will be on using language with precision and clarity and developing greater control in writing. The course is intended to prepare students for college or the workplace.

Prerequisite: English, Grade 11, College Preparation

ENG4UZ - English, (University Preparation)

This course emphasizes the consolidation of the literacy, communication, and critical and

creative thinking skills necessary for success in academic and daily life. Students will analyze a range of challenging literary texts from various periods, countries, and cultures; interpret and evaluate informational and graphic texts; and create oral, written, and media texts in a variety of forms. An important focus will be on using academic language coherently and confidently, selecting the reading strategies best suited to particular texts and particular purposes for reading, and developing greater control in writing. The course is intended to prepare students for university, college, or the workplace. 

Prerequisite: English, Grade 11, University Preparation

ETS4UZ - Studies in Literature, Social Justice and the Arts Focus, (University Preparation)

This course is for students with a special interest in literature and literary criticism. The course may focus on themes, genres, time periods, or countries. Students will analyse a range of forms and stylistic elements of literary texts and respond personally, critically, and creatively to them. They will also assess critical interpretations, write analytical essays, and complete an independent study project. 

Prerequisite: English, Grade 11, University Preparation 

EWC4CZ - The Writer’s Craft, (College Preparation)

This course emphasizes knowledge and skills related to the craft of writing. Students will investigate models of effective writing; use a workshop approach to write a variety of works; and make considered decisions for improving the quality of their writing.

They will also complete a creative or analytical independent study project and investigate opportunities for publication and for writing careers.

Prerequisite: English, Grade 11, College Preparation

EWC4UZ - The Writer’s Craft, (University Preparation)

This course emphasizes knowledge and skills related to the craft of writing. Students will analyze models of effective writing; use a workshop approach to produce a range of works; identify and use techniques required for specialized forms of writing; and identify effective ways to improve the quality of their writing. They will also complete a major paper as part of a creative or analytical independent study project and investigate opportunities for publication and for writing careers.

Prerequisite: English, Grade 11, University Preparation

HHS4UZ - Families in Canada, (University Preparation) 

This course enables students to draw on sociological, psychological, and anthropological theories and research to analyze the development of individuals, intimate relationships, 

and family and parent-child relationships. Students will focus on issues and challenges facing individuals and families in Canada’s diverse society. They will develop analytical tools that enable them to assess various factors affecting families and to consider policies and practices intended to support families in Canada. They will develop the investigative skills required to conduct and communicate the results of research on individuals, 

intimate relationships, and parent-child relationships. 

Prerequisite: Any university or university/college preparation course in social sciences and humanities, English, or Canadian and world studies

HIP4OZ - Personal Life Management, (Open) 

This course focuses on preparing students for living independently and working successfully with others. Students will learn to manage their personal resources to meet their basic needs for food, clothing, and housing. They will also learn about their personal, legal, and financial responsibilities and develop and apply interpersonal skills in order to make wise and responsible personal and occupational choices. Students will apply research and inquiry skills while investigating topics related to personal life management. The course emphasizes the achievement of expectations through practical experiences. 

Prerequisite: None

HSB4UZ - Challenge and Change in Society, (University Preparation) 

This course focuses on the use of social science theories, perspectives, and methodologies to investigate and explain shifts in knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviour and their impact on society. Students will critically analyze how and why cultural, social, 

and behavioral patterns change over time. They will explore the ideas of social theorists and use those ideas to analyze causes of and responses to challenges such as technological 

change, deviance, and global inequalities. Students will explore ways in which social science research methods can be used to study social change. 

Prerequisite: Any university or university/college preparation course in social sciences and humanities, English, or Canadian and world studies

HSC4MZ - World Cultures, (University/College Preparation) 

This course examines the nature of culture; how cultural identities are acquired, maintained, and transformed; and theories used to analyze cultures. Students will explore world cultures, with an emphasis on the analysis of religious and spiritual beliefs, art forms, and philosophy. They will study the contributions and influence of a range of cultural groups and will critically analyze issues facing ethnocultural groups within Canada and around the world. Students will develop and apply 

research skills and will design and implement a social action initiative relating to cultural diversity. 

Prerequisite: Any university, college, or university/college preparation course in social sciences and humanities, English, or Canadian and world studies

HSE4MZ - Equity and Social Justice: From Theory to Practice, (University/College Preparation) 

This course enables students to develop an understanding of the theoretical, social, and historical underpinnings of various equity and social justice issues and to analyze strategies for bringing about positive social change. Students will learn about historical and contemporary equity and social justice issues in Canada and globally. They will explore power relations and the impact of a variety of factors on equity and social justice. Students will develop and apply research skills and will design and implement a social action initiative relating to an equity or social justice issue. 

Prerequisite: Any university, college, or university/college preparation course in social sciences and humanities, English, or Canadian and world studies

ICS4CZ - Computer Programming, (College Preparation)

This course further develops students’ computer programming skills. Students will learn object-oriented programming concepts, create object-oriented software solutions, and design graphical user interfaces. Student teams will plan and carry out a software development project using industry-standard programming tools and proper project management techniques. Students will also investigate ethical issues in computing and expand their understanding of environmental issues, emerging technologies, and computer-related careers. 

Prerequisite: Introduction to Computer Programming, Grade 11, College Preparation

ICS4UZ - Computer Science, (University Preparation)

This course enables students to further develop knowledge and skills in computer science. Students will use modular design principles to create complex and fully documented programs, according to industry standards. Student teams will manage a large software development project, from planning through to project review. Students will also analyze algorithms for effectiveness. They will investigate ethical issues in comput-

ing and further explore environmental issues, emerging technologies, areas of research in computer science, and careers in the field. 

Prerequisite: Introduction to Computer Science, Grade 11, University Preparation

MAP4CZ - Foundations for College Mathematics (College Preparation)

This course enables students to broaden their understanding of real-world applications of mathematics. Students will analyse data using statistical methods; solve problems involving applications of geometry and trigonometry; solve financial problems connected with annuities, budgets, and renting or owning accommodation; simplify expressions; and solve equations. Students will reason mathematically and communicate their thinking as they solve multi-step problems. This course prepares students for college programs in areas such as business, health sciences, and human services, and for certain skilled trades. 

Prerequisite: Foundations for College Mathematics, Grade 11, College Preparation, or Functions and Applications, Grade 11, University/College Preparation 

MCT4CZ - Mathematics for College Technology, (College Preparation) 

This course enables students to extend their knowledge of functions. Students will investigate and apply properties of polynomial, exponential, and trigonometric functions; continue to represent functions numerically, graphically, and algebraically; develop facility in simplifying expressions and solving equations; and solve problems that address applications of algebra, trigonometry, vectors, and geometry. Students will reason mathematically and communicate their thinking as they solve multi-step problems. This course prepares students for a variety of college technology programs.

Prerequisite: Functions and Applications, Grade 11, University/College Preparation, or

Functions, Grade 11, University Preparation

MCV4UZ - Calculus and Vectors, (University Preparation)

This course builds on students’ previous experience with functions and their developing understanding of rates of change. Students will solve problems involving geometric and algebraic representations of vectors and representations of lines and planes in three-dimensional space; broaden their understanding of rates of change to include the derivatives of polynomial, sinusoidal, exponential, rational, and radical functions; and apply these concepts and skills to the modeling of real-world relationships. Students will also refine their use of the mathematical processes necessary for success in senior mathematics. This course is intended for students who choose to pursue careers in fields such as science, engineering, economics, and some areas of business, including those students who will be required to take a university-level calculus, linear algebra, or

physics course. 

Prerequisite Note: The Advanced Functions course (MHF4U) must be taken prior to Calculus and Vectors (MCV4U)

MDM4UZ - Mathematics of Data Management, (University Preparation) 

This course broadens students’ understanding of mathematics as it relates to managing data. Students will apply methods for organizing and analyzing large amounts of information; solve problems involving probability and statistics; and carry out a culminating investigation that integrates statistical concepts and skills. Students will also refine their use of the mathematical processes necessary for success in senior mathematics. Students planning to enter university programs in business, the social sciences, and the humanities will find this course of particular interest.

Prerequisite: Functions, Grade 11, University Preparation, or Functions and Applications, Grade 11, University/College Preparation

MHF4UZ - Advanced Functions, (University Preparation) 

This course extends students’ experience with functions. Students will investigate the properties of polynomial, rational, logarithmic, and trigonometric functions; develop techniques for combining functions; broaden their understanding of rates of change; and develop facility in applying these concepts and skills. Students will also refine their use of the mathematical processes necessary for success in senior mathematics. This course is intended both for students taking the Calculus and Vectors course as a prerequisite for a university program and for those wishing to consolidate their understanding of mathematics before proceeding to any one of a variety of university programs. 

Prerequisite: Functions, Grade 11, University Preparation, or Mathematics for College Technology, Grade 12, College Preparation

OLC4OZ - Ontario Secondary School Literacy Course, Grade 12 

This course is designed to help students acquire and demonstrate the cross-curricular literacy skills that are evaluated by the Ontario Secondary School Literacy Test (OSSLT). Students who complete the course successfully will meet the provincial literacy requirement for graduation. Students will read a variety of informational, narrative, and graphic texts and will produce a variety of forms of writing, including summaries, information paragraphs, opinion pieces, and news reports. Students will also maintain and manage a portfolio containing a record of their

reading experiences and samples of their writing. 

Eligibility requirement: Students who have been eligible to write the OSSLT at least twice and who have been unsuccessful at least once are eligible to take the course. (Students who have already met the literacy requirement for graduation and may be eligible to take the course under special circumstances, at the discretion of the principal.)

PSK4UZ - Introductory Kinesiology, (University Preparation) 

This course focuses on the study of human movement and of systems, factors, and principles involved in human development. Students will learn about the effects of physical activity on health and performance, the evolution of physical activity and sport, and the physiological, psychological, and social factors that influence an individual’s participation in physical activity and sport. The course prepares students for university programs in physical education and health, kinesiology, health sciences, health studies, recreation, and sports administration.

Prerequisite: Any Grade 11 university or university/college preparation course in 

science, or any Grade 11 or 12 course in health and physical education

SBI4UZ - Biology, (University Preparation)

This course provides students with the opportunity for in-depth study of the concepts and processes that occur in biological systems. Students will study theory and conduct investigations in the areas of biochemistry, metabolic processes, molecular genetics, homeostasis, and population dynamics. Emphasis will be placed on the achievement of detailed knowledge and the refinement of skills needed for further study in various branches of the life sciences and related fields. 

Prerequisite: Biology, Grade 11, University Preparation 

SCH4CZ - Chemistry, (College Preparation) 

This course enables students to develop an understanding of chemistry through the study of matter and qualitative analysis, organic chemistry, electrochemistry, chemical 

calculations, and chemistry as it relates to the quality of the environment. Students will use a variety of laboratory techniques, develop skills in data collection and scientific analysis, and communicate scientific information using appropriate terminology. Emphasis will be placed on the role of chemistry in daily life and the effects of 

technological applications and processes on society and the environment.

Prerequisite: Science, Grade 10, Academic or Applied

SES4UZ - Earth and Space Science, (University Preparation) 

This course develops students’ understanding of Earth and its place in the universe. Students will investigate the properties of and forces in the universe and solar system and analyze techniques scientists use to generate knowledge about them. Students will closely examine the materials of Earth, its internal and surficial processes, and its geological history, and will learn how Earth’s systems interact and how they have changed over time. Throughout the course, students will learn how these forces, processes, and materials affect their daily lives. The course draws on biology, chemistry, physics, and mathematics in its consideration of geological and astronomical processes that can be observed directly or inferred from other evidence.

Prerequisite: Science, Grade 10, Academic

SPH4CZ - Physics, (College Preparation) 

This course develops students’ understanding of the basic concepts of physics. Students will explore these concepts with respect to motion; mechanical, electrical, electromagnetic, energy transformation, hydraulic, and pneumatic systems; and the operation of commonly used tools and machines. They will develop their scientific investigation skills as they test laws of physics and solve both assigned problems and those emerging from their investigations. Students will also consider the impact of technological applications of physics on society and 

the environment.

Prerequisite: Science, Grade 10, Academic or Applied

SPH4UZ - Physics, (University Preparation) 

This course enables students to deepen their understanding of physics concepts and theories. Students will continue their exploration of energy transformations and the forces that affect motion, and will investigate electrical, gravitational, and magnetic fields and electromagnetic radiation. Students will also explore the wave nature of light, quantum mechanics, and special relativity. They will further develop their scientific investigation skills, learning, for example, how to analyze, qualitatively and quantitatively, data related to a variety of physics concepts and principles. Students will also consider the impact of technological applications of physics on society and the environment.

Prerequisite: Physics, Grade 11, University Preparation