Lab Safety- go to page 494 in the textbook. Choose one rule and make a poster. It should have a border, large words, a picture and color.

Zombie video: link

Most important safety rules:

1. No horsing around! 2. Do not touch anything unless until I tell you to. 3. When I talk, you must stop immediately. 4. Clean up your area when you are done. 5. Do not leave your area unless you have my permission.

Day 1 and 2: Using and identifying lab equipment.

Station 1. Use the microscope to make a slide

Station 1- go through each one of these links. Complete the microscope list

Microscope virtual lab https://www.brainpop.com/games/virtuallabsusingthemicroscope/

https://www1.udel.edu/biology/ketcham/microscope/scope.html

What is an electron microscope?

http://school.discoveryeducation.com/lessonplans/interact/vemwindow.html

Station 2 Microscopes

Go to the microscopes-

Turn it on and find the letter E. What way is it facing?

Move the slide to the left. Which way did it move?

Move the letter E into the middle. Now move it up slowly. Which way did it move?

Look at other slides. Choose four. Look at each one, write down what it is and describe what you see.

Station Three. Triple beam balance-

Activity 1. Go to the following site.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BAf6HoVK6JI

Take notes

Activity 2. Practice

Write your answers to each question in your journal.

Activity 3. Measure the mass of the germ X bottle on the triple beam balance.

Have the other side of the table measure the mass of the crayons.

Station Four graduated cylinder

Activity 1 Introduction: Read through the activity Take notes

Activity 2: Go to the following site and write down your answers in your journal

http://www.physics-chemistry-interactive-flash-animation.com/matter_change_state_measurement_mass_volume/volumes_measurement.htm

1. Write the measurements of the four items in your journal

Activity 3 Add 20 ml of water into the graduated cylinder. Add the marble. What is the volume? _____ What is the volume of the marble? ______

Station Five Spring scale

Look up what a spring scale does.

Draw a picture of it.

Go to the following site and measure three items. Write them down.

https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/mass-spring-lab/mass-spring-lab_en.html

Place a germex container in the plastic bag and hook it onto the spring scale. Write down the measurement.

Choose two other items. Place them in the bag and measure them.

What is the difference between mass and weight?

Mass is the amount of matter contained within any object. Weight is how much force is enacted upon that mass within any level of gravity. For example, an apple will always have the same mass, but it will weigh less on Mars than on Earth.

Activity 1: Measuring weight on other planets- https://exploratorium.edu/ronh/weight/

Station Six- Draw a picture of each of the items on the table. Look them up and write down what each one is used for. What is the metric unit to measure temperature?

Compare the metric scale to standard linear measurements

Day 3 What is Science?

Read: Science is the study of the world around us. It attempts to explain what is happening or how and why something occurs. Scientists learn about their subject by observing, describing, and experimenting. There are many subjects and branches of science. Some study outer space like astronomy. Other sciences study life (biology) or the earth (geology) or even matter and energy (physics). The world around us is fascinating and learning about it can be fun and interesting! Much of the science we know today was discovered using the Scientific Method. The Scientific Method is a method scientists use to get accurate results.

An attempt to explain a pattern that happens all of the time would be called a scientific theory. For example, in some areas Canadian geese disappear at a certain time of year. The theory was that they do not like cold temperatures. If this pattern is observed repeated and the theory holds true then it becomes a scientific law. The law stands until someone proves it wrong. Remember, a law does not explain why something happens it simple describes a pattern.

Activity 1: Write a vocabulary card for science

Practice: Gummy Bears: lab

Activity 2: Go to Study Jams and watch the video on the Scientific Methods.

Write down the steps of the scientific method and what happens at each step.

http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/scientific-inquiry/scientific-methods.htm

Scientific lab sheet: lab blanks

Activity 3 Write out a vocabulary card for hypothesis, independent variable, dependent variable, control group

Activity 4 Go to Study Jams and watch the video on the Scientific Theory and Evidence.

Take the quiz and write down your test score on your learning log.

http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/scientific-inquiry/scientific-theory-and-evid.htm

Activity 5 Write a card for scientific theory and scientific law

Quiz your partner on all of your vocabulary words. You will have a quiz tomorrow.

Activity 6: Brain pop and/or Study Jams:

Brain pop Video(s): (1) Title: Scientific Method,

Instructions: A. Go to the website, B. Log on, C. Watch the video, D. Select "Classic Quiz", E) Complete the quiz, F) Email the results to your teacher

Brainpop Link: Brainpop Website

Day 4: How do you design a good experiment?

It’s exciting to roll down a skateboarding ramp, especially if you’re going fast. The steeper the ramp, the faster you’ll go. What else besides the steepness of a ramp influences how fast an object goes down it? You could do experiments to find out.

What Is an Experiment?

An experiment is a controlled scientific study of specific variables. A variable is a factor that can take on different values. For example, the speed of an object down a ramp might be one variable, and the steepness of the ramp might be another.

What is a hypothesis? every experiment must have a testable statement based on an observation. This statement is called a hypothesis. A good hypothesis states exactly what is being tested and the expected results. It usually includes an if, then statement. For example, If I melt Kroger brand chocolate chips, Walmart brand chocolate chips and Nestles chocolate chips at the same temperature on a hotplate, then the Kroger chips will melt first. Notice that this hypothesis tells you three things:

1. exactly what is being tested 2. how it is being tested 3. a prediction.

Activity practice: Complete the writing a good hypothesis from below. Compare answers with your partner.

Experimental Variables

There must be at least two variables in any experiment: the independent variable and the dependent variable.

• The independent variable is a variable that is changed by the researcher. The independent variable is also called the manipulated variable.

• A dependent variable is a variable that the researcher predicts will change if the independent variable changes. A dependent variable is also called a responding variable.

For example if I study for my test then I will get a good grade.

independent variable:

Dependent variable:

This example illustrates another important aspect of experiments: experimental controls. A control is a variable that must be held constant so it won’t influence the outcome of an experiment. In the case of your ramp experiment, smoothness of the ramps should have been controlled by making each ramp out of the same material.

What are some things that should remain the same in our experiment above?

Experimental Controls

Assume you are sliding wooden blocks down a ramp in your experiment. You choose steepness of the ramp for your independent variable. You want to measure how changes in steepness affect the time it takes a block to reach the bottom of the ramp. You decide to test two blocks on two ramps, one steeper than the other, and see which block reaches the bottom first. You use a shiny piece of varnished wood for one ramp and a rough board for the other ramp. You raise the rough board higher so it has a steeper slope (see sketch below). You let go of both blocks at the same time and observe that the block on the ramp with the gentler slope reaches the bottom sooner. You’re surprised, because you expected the block on the steeper ramp to go faster and get to the bottom first.

Q: What explains your result?

A: The block on the steeper ramp would have reached the bottom sooner if all else was equal. The problem is that all else was not equal. The ramps varied not only in steepness but also in smoothness. The block on the smoother ramp went faster than the block on the rougher ramp, even though the rougher ramp was steeper.

A: Other variables might include variables relating to the block. For example, a smoother block would be expected to go down a ramp faster than a rougher block. You could control variables relating to the block by using two identical blocks.

Summary

• An experiment is a controlled scientific study of specific variables. A variable is a factor that can take on different values.

• There must be at least two variables in any experiment: a independent variable and a dependent variable.

• A control is a variable that must be held constant or the same so it won’t influence the outcome of an experiment.

Activity 1 Brief Lesson Video: (1) Title: "What Are Science Variables?" by Justin Higgins

Instructions: Watch and listen to this video. Then write down 5 things you learned.Link: What Are Science Variables-Video

Activity 2 Brief Lesson Video: (1) Title: "Independent and Dependent Variables"

Instructions: Watch and listen to this video. Then write down 5 things you learned.

Link: Independent and Dependent Variables-Video

Activity 3 Brief Lesson Video: (1) Title: "Graphing Dependent and Independent Variables" by J.Dredla

Instructions: Watch and listen to this video. Then write down 3 things you learned.

Link: Graphing Dependent and Independent Variables

Activity 4 Practice these two quizes.

Five question practice- http://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/story.php?title=independent-vs-dependent-variables

15- Question quiz https://www.quia.com/pop/184568.html

Day 5: What is technology?

Science is the study of the forces, elements, phenomena, etc., in our Universe. Technology is the application of the knowledge gained through that study. They are designed for the sole purpose to help make tasks easier.

New technologies developed (based on scientific theories and discoveries) include new measuring instruments - which are then used to gather new data, which can give ideas for new scientific theories and help prove theories.

For example:

The "Hubble Space Telescope" has been built (and improved several times) using recently-developed technology based on the sciences of metallurgy, optics, low-gravity physics, and several others.

The improvement in the 'pictures' received from deep in space has helped in the development of the sciences of Astro-physics, ultra-high-temperature chemistry, atomic physics and many others.

Another example would be new vaccines created because someone studied the human body. Technology can have positive and negative consequences. The invention of dams used to create hydro electric power caused the loss of animal habitats surrounding the river that was blocked up.

ACTIVITY: With your partner, write down four pieces of technology that have positive and negative effects.

What is nano technology https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zbFHYjaqjzw

Nano technology for students https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4_AFzKlAXsg

Nova episode on Nano technology https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cG9P8DLuh0U

Day 6 and 7- Graphs

Notes about graphs:

How to read a graph

1. read the title

2. read the labels of the axis. Think about how they are related

3. Look at the units of measurements

4. Look for trends

5. the independent variable goes on the x axis ( bottom) the dependent is on the y axis

Which graph should you use?

. . . a Line graph.

Line graphs are used to track changes over short and long periods of time.

. . . a Pie Chart.

Pie charts are best to use when you are trying to compare parts of a whole.

. . a Bar Graph.

Bar graphs are used to compare things between different groups or to track changes

Activity 1: Go to the link at the bottom titled Chart Practice. Print a copy and complete the questions.

Activity 2 Link: Explanations about different types of charts, tables, and graphs: Comparing charts and graphs

Instructions: Write down 1 to 2 facts about each of the following:

(A) Tables, (B) Line Graphs, (C) Bar Graphs, (D) Circle Graphs

Activity 3 Practice with Graphs & Charts

Link: Practice with Bar Graphs

Link: Practice with Circle Graphs

Link: Practice with Line Graphs

Activity 4 Brainpop and/or Study Jams:

Brainpop Video(s): (1) Title: "Problem Solving Using Tables", (2) Title: "Graphs, (3) Title: "Coordinate Plane"

Instructions: A. Go to the website, B. Log on, C. Watch the video, D. Select "Classic Quiz", E) Complete the quiz, F) Email the results to your teacher

Brainpop Link: Brainpop Website

Activity 5 Study Jams Resources: (1) Title: "Identify Outcomes & Make Predictions"

Instructions: A. Go to the website, B. Click on "Science", C. Type the title in the search box, D. Watch the video,

E. Afterwards click on "Test Yourself," F. Answer the questions, and write your answers on a sheet of paper

Study Jams Link: Study Jams Website

Activity 6. Each group chooses a question from below. Write it on a card and create answer choices. Groups will rotate questions around the room and have each member of the class place a mark next to their answer choice. When the card returns to the original group they will each create a circle graph at the following site.

Draw the chart on a piece of paper.

pie charts

survey questions:

1. How much TV do you watch each night?

2. What is your favorite hamburger place?

3. How much time does it take you to get ready in the morning?

4. What do you drink the most?

5. How many bedrooms are in your house?

6. Who do you live with?

7. What type of music do you listen to?

8. How much time do you spend gaming each night?

9. How much time do you spend on your phone each night?

10. What is your favorite fruit?

11. What is your favorite subject in school?

12. How many brothers and sisters do you have?

13. What is your favorite social media site?

14. How much time do you spend on school each night?

15. what is your favorite thing to do on the weekend?

16. other

Optional Video Clips:

Lesson Video: (1) "Reading Graphs and Tables on the ACT Science Test"

Instructions:(Write down the 3 steps described in this video, and contrast an inverse relationship with a direct relationship)

Link: Reading Graphs and Tables-video

Lesson Video: (1) "Line Graph" by Katie Parris

Instructions: (Write down 3 facts that you learned/reviewed from watching this video.)

Link: Line Graph Video by Ms. Parris

Lesson Video: (1) "Graphs Part 1(GED Prep Math)"

Instructions: (Write down the answers to the questions shown in this video.)

Link: How to Interpret Data in Graphs

Lesson Video: (1) "How to Read Scientific Graphs and Charts"

Instructions: (Write down 5 general facts from this video, and write the purpose of a line graph, a bar chart, and a pie chart.)

Link: How to Read Scientific Graphs and Charts-Video

Day 8 Experimental Bias

Experimenter bias, is a process where the scientists performing the research influence the results, in order to portray a certain outcome. It is a prejudiced presentation of material

Two main types of bias:

1. Sampling bias- the sample or group must be random.

2. Measurement Bias- sample too small or the numbers are inflated.

SAMPLE SIZE: Is the sample big enough to get a good average value?

Factors such as location, age, gender, ethnicity, nationality and living environment can affect the data gathered.

Examples of Biased Sample- Ask yourself if there is anything wrong with these tests?

1.Sara decides to test whether people like blue or red better. She wears a blue shirt to school one day and asks her friends if they like her shirt. Eight of her friends say yes, two of her friends say no. The next day she wears a red shirt. Sara asks the same friends if they like her shirt. Six say yes and two say know. Sara decides that based on her results more students like blue better than red.

2. Large scale polls were taken in Florida, California, and Maine and it was found that an average of 55% of those polled spent at least fourteen days a year near the ocean. So, it can be safely concluded that 55% of all Americans spend at least fourteen days near the ocean each year.

3. Ayden wants to know if people like bottled water better than tap water. He puts bottled water in cup A and tap water in cup B. He tests two people and they both said they liked cup A better. Ayden writes in the school newspaper that all students prefer bottle water over tap water.

MEASUREMENT BIAS:

The teacher asked 7 students if the homework was easy. Based on their answers, she stated that all of her homework for the year would be easy.

Activity 1 Click on the link below titled Experimental bias. Your group must decide what is wrong in each test.

vocabulary list 1: test tube, beaker, triple beam balance, spring scale, meter stick, graduated cylinder, slide, petri dish, microscope, technology, science

vocabulary list two: variables, independent variable, dependent variable, control group, constants, pie chart, bar graph, line graph, bias,

Extra Files:

Experimental Design Project.docx (11k)Kathy Dougherty, May 9, 2016, 4:48 PM

Experimental bias.docx (12k)Kathy Dougherty, Aug 24, 2017, 3:40 AM

Lab Design Notes.docx (11k)Kathy Dougherty, Sep 5, 2019, 9:21 AM

Measuring triple beam balance.pdf (53k)Kathy Dougherty, Aug 6, 2018, 8:40 AM

Writing a good hypothesis practice.docx (12k)Kathy Dougherty, Aug 11, 2019, 6:49 AM

chart practice.pdf (260k)Kathy Dougherty, May 4, 2019, 9:59 AM

experiment choices.docx (15k)Kathy Dougherty, May 9, 2016, 4:51 PM

graphs and charts.pdf (454k)Kathy Dougherty, Jul 22, 2015, 3:30 PM

hypothesis practice 1.pdf (59k)Kathy Dougherty, Apr 28, 2019, 12:24 PM

independent depenedent variable.docx (11k)Kathy Dougherty, Apr 25, 2019, 6:50 AM

independent variable.pdf (370k)Kathy Dougherty, Aug 8, 2018, 5:47 PM

lab design rubric.docx (11k)Kathy Dougherty, May 3, 2019, 9:05 AM

measurement_graduated_cylinder.pdf (86k)Kathy Dougherty, Aug 6, 2018, 8:38 AM

testable statements.docx (13k)Kathy Dougherty, Apr 26, 2019, 4:53 AM

variables.doc (119k)