Cell Structures

Standards: 7.LS1.1 Develop and construct models that identify and explain the structure and function of major cell organelles as they contribute to the life activities of the cell and organism.

animal cell

plant cell

Blood cell

nerve cell

Day 1

Hey there!

Cell Theory

1. All living things are made up of cells.

2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.

3. Living cells come only from other living cells.

Discoveries Which Led To Cell Theory

The Cell Theory was developed from three German scientist's discoveries. They are Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann, and Rudolph Virchow.

In 1838 the German Botanist Matthias Schleiden discovered that all plants were composed of cells. Then only a year later a German zoologist, Theodor Schwann, discovered that all animals were composed of cells. Later in 1855 a German physician named Rudolph Virchow was doing experiments with diseases when he found that all cells come from other existing cells.

Cells of course were discovered much earlier. The first person to see a plant cell was Robert Hooke. He used a very primitive microscope. When he was looking at cork cells under the microscope he saw cells for the first time. The shape of the cells reminded him of the monk monasteries and so he dubbed them "cells."

The first person to see living cells was Van Leeuwenhoek, a microscope builder.

Why do you think it took so long before someone discovered a cell?

Activity 1. watch the video and complete the note sheet.- Videos https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4OpBylwH9DU

Day 2

There are two basic groups of cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic. The word prokaryotic is a Greek word that means no nucleus, and they do not have membrane-bound organelles. Examples of prokaryotes are blue-green algae, bacteria and mycoplasma. They are living things and are usually single celled organisms. Among prokaryotes, bacteria are the most common and multiply very fast. The word eukaryotic means true nucleus. They have a nucleus in a nuclear membrane, where DNA or other genetic information is stored, as well as lots of organelles that serve different functions. Plant and animal cells fall into the eukaryotic category.

both: contain DNA, cytoplasm, membrane, ribosomes

Video about Fungi in space link

Read the following and answers the questions on page one of the worksheet below

worksheet link

Activity 1. Fold a piece of paper in half. Label each half prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Write notes about each type below the headings. Draw two of each of cell under the notes.

Activity 2 How big are they? Go to this website and explore the microscopic world. Start with the magnification on one.

link

Activity 3 Ameoba Sisters intro to cells https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8IlzKri08kk

or https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pxujitlv8wc&t=15s

Worksheet- below file:///C:/Users/Kathie%20Dougherty/Documents/intro_to_cells_recap_by_amoeba_sisters.pdf

Activity 4.

Activity 4 growing bacteria from any where https://www.stevespanglerscience.com/lab/experiments/growing-bacteria/?utm_source=Steve+Spangler+Science&utm_campaign=b7766bc551-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_20200114_eow_babydiaper_COPY_01&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_4238cdca22-b7766bc551-397276760&goal=0_4238cdca22-b7766bc551-397276760&mc_cid=b7766bc551&mc_eid=174288cc7c

Make cards for the following words:

Vocabulary words: prokaryotic, eukaryotic, organelle, cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm

Day 3

The differences between plant and animal cells :www.youtube.com/watch?v=808kmKBBW_o

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=808kmKBBW_o

Activity 1: On a second sheet of white paper draw and label a plant cell and an animal cell. You can use the pictures to the right or use the green book, page 47.

Standards: 7.LS1.3 Evaluate evidence that cells have structural similarities and differences across kingdoms.

Difference Between Plant And Animal Cells

Plant and animal cells are both eukaryotic cells. However, there are distinct differences between the cells found in plants and those found in animals.

The differences between the two types of cells can be seen with a light microscope.

ANIMAL CELLS PLANT CELLS

Does not have a cell wall, irregular in shape Has a cell wall, regular in shape to provide support

No chloroplast present Chloroplast present Plants have this because they make their own food in a process called photosynthesis

Small temporary vacuoles or no vacuole Large vacuoles located in the center of the cell for storage

Centrioles that aid in mitosis

Make cards for the following words:

vocabulary words: cell wall, chloroplast, centrioles, vacuole

Day 4

Cell Structures

BrainPOP Cell Structures log in: ems.tcs password: city

Quick overview https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RKmaq7jPnYM

Detailed- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=URUJD5NEXC8

Similarities Between Plant and Animal Cells

From the table, we find that besides cell wall, chloroplasts, lysosomes and centrioles, plant and animal cells have the same organelles. Let's learn more about these similarities.

The nucleus is a large, oval structure found in both plant and animal cells. It controls and regulates all cell activities. It contains genetic material.

The nucleolus is found inside of the nucleus. It’s primary job is to produce ribosomes.

The cell membrane is found in both plant and animal cells. It is the outermost layer in the animal cell and is found just inside the cell wall in the plant cell. The animal cell membrane contains cholesterol, but the plant cell does not. It has pores and is selectively permeable allowing the movement of certain substances into and out of the cell. This helps maintain homeostasis in the cell. The cell membrane also protects and supports the cell. This membrane is formed from proteins and lipids.

The cytoplasm is a thick, jellylike substance found in both plant and animal cells filling the space between the nucleus and the cell membrane. It contains and supports the cell organelles. The cytoplasm is constantly in motion.

The mitochondria is a bean-shaped structure found in both plant and animal cells. The mitochondria (plural) break down sugars and release energy for use by the cell. It has inner membranes or cristae. Cells with high activity levels contain more mitochondria, such as muscle cells

The ribosome are in both plant/animal cells. They are small round organelles that are floating or They can be found attached to E.R. Their primary job is to produce proteins.

The endoplasmic reticulum (E.R.) is found in both plant and animal cells. It is network or maze of tubes or membranes that carries materials through cell.

The Golgi apparatus gathers simple molecules and combines them to make molecules

that are more complex. It then takes those big molecules, packages them in vesicles, and either

stores them for later use or sends them out of the cell.

The lysosome is a small, round structure common in animal cells, but not usually found in plant cells. The lysosome is involved in digestive activities, including breaking down large food molecules into smaller ones and the digestion of old cell parts.

Actvity 1: Make vocabulary cards

actvity 2: Microviewers- using the microviewers, complete the handout

activity 3: Watch Brain Pop: Cell Structures and write 5 of your own questions

activity 4: Label the cell

Go to the following site and complete each activity

1.- http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/health/anatomy/cell/index.htm

2. - label the cell

activity 5: Hands on race- teacher handout

Activity 6: practice quiz: http://www.softschools.com/quizzes/biology/cell_structure/quiz356.html

Activity 7- Kahoots

Practice song Cell Parts

http://www.teachertube.com/video/cells-cells-parts-of-the-cell-rap-248477

create vocabulary cards and practice with a partner.

Standards: 7.LS1.4 Diagram the hierarchical organization of multi cellular organisms from cells to organism.

Day 5 Organizing Humans https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EtWknf1gzKo

All living organisms on Earth are divided into cells. The main concept of cell theory is that cells are the basic structural unit for all organisms. Cells are small compartments that hold the biological equipment necessary to keep an organism alive and successful. Living things may be single-celled or they may be very complex such as a human being. There are smaller pieces that make up cells such as macromolecules and organelles. A protein is an example of a macromolecule while a mitochondrion is an example of an organelle. Cells can also connect to form larger structures. They might group together to form the tissues of the stomach and eventually the entire digestive system. However, in the same way that atoms are the basic unit when you study matter, cells are the basic unit for biology and organisms.

In larger organisms, the main purpose of a cell is to organize. Cells hold a variety of pieces and each cell type has a different purpose. By dividing responsibilities among different groups of cells, it is easier for an organism to survive and grow.

If you were only made of one cell, you would be very limited. You don't find single cells that are as large as a cow. Cells have problems functioning when they get too big. Also, if you were only one cell you couldn't have a nervous system, no muscles for movement, and using the internet would be out of the question. The trillions of cells in your body make your way of life possible.

Activity 1: click on the organization chart below. Complete with a group.

Activity 2- watch one of the videos and take notes

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZRFykdf4kDc

http://www.teachertube.com/video/organelle-cell-tissue-organ-219135

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7xpONWAj4Go

Day 6 Viruses

Brain pop viruses https://www.brainpop.com/health/diseasesinjuriesandconditions/viruses/

Choose a virus that you are interested in- Write five interesting facts about it http://kidshealth.org/en/kids/?search=y&q=bacteria+viruses&getfields=subject.description&site=kh&client=ms_k_en&output=xml_no_dtd&start=0&filter=0

Over view of coronaviruses https://upfront.scholastic.com/issues/2019-20/030920/are-we-prepared-for-the-next-pandemic.html#1280L

Sneeze study https://scienceworld.scholastic.com/issues/2016-17/021317/sneeze-scientist.html

General site https://classroommagazines.scholastic.com/support/coronavirus.html?ET_CID=20200304_SN_BreakingNews_Coronavirus_UpperGrades_RET_28199&ET_RID=1086418073#grades612

Quiz http://www.biology4kids.com/extras/quiz_cellintro/index.html