Body Systems
Body Systems
Levels of organization
Link for reading material link Handout for notes link
Standards: 7.LS1.5 Explain that the body is a system comprised or subsystems that maintain equilibrium and support life through digestion, respiration, excretion, circulation, sensation (nervous and integumentary) and locomotion (musculoskeletal).
Day 1 Skeletal system:
The skeletal system is your body's support structure. It gives your body its shape, allows movement, makes blood cells, provides protection for your organs and stores minerals. The skeletal system is also called the musculoskeletal system.
The three main parts of the skeletal system include: bones, cartilage and ligaments.
The longest bone in the human body is the thigh bone called the femur.
The smallest bone found in the human body is located in the middle ear. The staples (or stirrup) bone is only 2.8 millimeters (0.11 inches) long.
At birth the human skeleton is made up of around 306 bones. By adulthood, some bones have fused together to end up with 206 bones.
Human bones grow continually from birth till our mid 20's. Our skeletons bone mass is at its maximum density around the age of 30.
Calcium is very important for our bones and helps keep them strong and healthy.
The areas where our bones meet are called joints. The joints in our cranium called sutures have no movement while our hip joints allow for a wide range of movement.
Hinge joints: Joints that open and close in one direction. Your knees and elbows are hinge joints.
Ball and socket joints: In a ball and socket joint, the rounded end of one bone fits into an indentation in another bone. They can rotate and turn in almost any direction. Your shoulders and hips are ball and socket joints.
Pivot joints: Pivot joints rotate in place without moving out of their original position. A pivot joint in your neck lets your head move from one side to another.
Bones are held in place at joints by muscles and also tissues called ligaments. Another type of tissue called cartilage covers each bone joint surface area to prevent the bones rubbing.
Activity 1 Label the skeleton: http://www.abcya.com/skeletal_system.htm
Activity 2: Watch the video and take the quiz Study Jams
Activity 3 Quiz: http://www.free-anatomy-quiz.com/skeletonIDQ1.html
Day 2 Muscular System
The Muscular system enables the body to move because it is made up of many different muscles that contract to create movement throughout the body. The main parts of the muscular system are: smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, skeletal muscles, and tendons
Muscles connect to the skeleton to help you move.
● The heart has specialized muscle tissue that helps it pump blood.
● Muscle tissues line the walls of some internal organs such as the intestines and
help to push food and nutrients along.
Power point link
Activity 1: Movie: study jams
Activity 2 article http://kidshealth.org/kid/htbw/muscles.html#
see files below
Day 3 Circulatory system
The Circulatory system carries (or circulates) oxygen and nutrients
throughout the body.
● The heart pumps blood through the arteries to the rest of the body
● The veins carry the blood back to the heart.
The main parts are: heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, lungs
Article : http://kidshealth.org/kid/cancer_center/HTBW/heart.html#
Activity 1 Watch the movie about the circulatory system http://kidshealth.org/en/kids/csmovie.html
Activity 2 Watch the movies at the following site and practice the song
Movie 2 Study Jams watch the video and take the quiz
quiz http://kidshealth.org/kid/quizzes/CSquiz.html#cat20913
Activity 3: Making blood Lab- use the sheet below as a guide
Quiz:
The Heart and Circulatory System Google Quiz
(This is a Google form. Click to copy it to your own Google Drive.)
Slide Deck:
The Heart and Circulatory System Slide Deck
Related Videos:
How Does the Heart Pump Blood? (TED Ed) (4:27) — Details the history of our understanding of the heart and how it works, with cute cartoons.
Why Red Blood Cells Look Like Donuts (2:40) — Explains red blood cell anatomy.
The Circulatory System: How Blood is Transported through Our Bodies (1:07) — Presents a brief overview of circulatory system.
Day 4 Respiratory System
The Respiratory system controls the breathing process by bringing oxygen into the body and sending carbon dioxide out of the body. The main parts are: trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, diaphragm
● The lungs play a major role in the respiratory system by intaking
oxygen when we inhale and carrying it to the heart, which needs
oxygen to function. The lungs also move waste products like carbon dioxide out of the
body when we exhale.
● A muscle under the lungs called the diaphragm moves up and down
to allow the lungs to fill with air and to release the air.
Activity 1: Reading and handout: link
Brain Pop:
Activity 2: Movie about the respiratory system http://kidshealth.org/kid/closet/movies/RSmovie.html
or study Jams-
article: http://kidshealth.org/kid/htbw/lungs.html#
Activity 3: label
quiz: http://kidshealth.org/kid/quizzes/RSquiz.html#cat20913
Activity 4: Micro viewers- How living things breathe. Using the teacher handout, answer the questions. Quiz your partner.
Day 5 Nervous System
class hook https://youtu.be/XKXOxGkCOtI
Tasting, smelling, seeing, hearing, thinking, dreaming, breathing, heart beating, moving, running, sleeping, laughing, singing, remembering, feeling pain or pleasure, painting, writing … you couldn’t do any of these things without your central nervous system!
What is the nervous system?
Made up of your brain, your spinal cord, and an enormous network of nerves that thread throughout your body, it’s the control center for your entire body. Your brain uses information it receives from your nerves to coordinate all of your actions and reactions. Without it, you couldn’t exist!
What are nerves?
They’re the thin threads of nerve cells, called neurons that run throughout your body. Bundled together, they carry messages back and forth just the way that telephone wires do. Sensory nerves send messages to the brain and generally connect to the brain through the spinal cord inside your backbone. Motor nerves carry messages back from the brain to all the muscles and glands in your body.
So how do they pass along messages?
Through the marvels of chemistry and a kind of electricity! Neurons are thin. Some are very small, and some can be three feet long! All are shaped somewhat like flat stars which have, to varying degrees, been pulled at each end so that they have long fingers. The fingers of one neuron almost reach to the next neuron.
When a neuron is stimulated — by heat, cold, touch, sound vibrations or some other message — it begins to actually generate a tiny electrical pulse. This electricity and chemical change travels the full length of the neuron. But when it gets to the end of finger-like points at the end of the neuron, it needs help getting across to the next extended finger. That’s where chemicals come in. The electrical pulse in the cells triggers the release of chemicals that carry the pulse to the next cell. And so on and so on and so on.
Remind you of anything?
How about a cool relay of dominoes in which one standing domino falls and trips the next and the next and the next.
The two categories of the nervous system include the central nervous system, which consists of the brain and spinal cord and the peripheral nervous system, which is the network of nerves.
Activity 1 http://discoverykids.com/articles/your-nervous-system/
Brain Pop: Nervous System
Activity 2: video
Lab: Stroop test https://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/words.html
Reaction time
https://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/java/reacttime.html
https://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/java/dottime.html
https://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/java/backtime.html
https://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/java/redgreen.html
Activity 3 student https://www.brainline.org/tbi-basics/interactive-brain
worksheet link
virtual learners link
Day 6 Digestive System
The purpose of the digestive system is to breakdown food so that the nutrients can be absorbed into the body. Go to the following links for more information. The Digestive system slowly breaks down food by carrying it from the mouth to the esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine.
● As food travels through the digestive system, the nutrients are
eventually broken down into the molecule glucose, which is small
enough to enter our blood.
● Through blood, the glucose travels to different parts of the body, where
it is used for essential body functions.
Activity 1. Go to the following site and read the article. Write two facts about each organ in the digestive system http://kidshealth.org/en/kids/digestive-system.html
Article review :link
Activity 2. Brain Pop- Digestive System overview http://www.brainpop.com/health/bodysystems/digestivesystem/
Activity 3.
Complete the digestive interactive http://www.brainpop.com/games/buildabodydigestivesystem/
lab link
Activity 4: Go to the vocabulary sheet in the add files section. Practice with a partner. Go on to activity 5
Activity 5. Digestive system puzzle https://www.quia.com/mc/1409.html or this one https://www.quia.com/cc/1409.html
Activity 6:
Quizlet to practice the words
Body Practicehttp://www.softschools.com/science/human_body/diagram/
Code Fred: Body System game:
http://www.brainpop.com/games/codefredsurvivalmode/
Tissue scans https://www.smm.org/tissues/body_slices.php?soundToggle=1
Electron microscope http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/java/electronmicroscopy/magnify1/index.html
great body imaging http://www.innerbody.com/htm/body.html
Heart surgery http://www.mydoctorgames.com/heart-surgeon/game/
Day 7 Integumentary System
The integumentary system is an organ system consisting of the skin, hair, nails, and exocrine glands. The skin is only a few millimeters thick yet is by far the largest organ in the body.
FUNCTIONS OF THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
The integumentary system has many functions, most of which are involved in protecting you and regulating your body’s internal functions in a variety of ways:
· Protects the body's internal living tissues and organs
· Protects against invasion by infectious organisms
· Protects the body from dehydration
· Protects the body against abrupt changes in temperature
· Helps dispose of waste materials
· Acts as a receptor for touch, pressure, pain, heat, and cold
· Stores water and fat
Activity 1. complete the notes from the passage below (sheet found in the add files)
Your body is a complicated system that consists of many subsystems that help to keep it functioning properly. These subsystems serve a variety of purposes and require needed materials to function properly, as well as means of communicating information to other parts of the body. Thus, the skin and other parts of the integumentary system work with other systems in your body to maintain and support the conditions that your cells, tissues, and organs need to function properly.
The skin is one of the first defense mechanisms in your immune system. Tiny glands in the skin secrete oils that enhance the barrier function of the skin. Immune cells live in the skin and provide the first line of defense against infections.
By helping to synthesize and absorb vitamin D, the integumentary system works with the digestive system to encourage the uptake of calcium from our diet. This substance enters the bloodstream though the capillary networks in the skin. Healthy functioning of your skin also is related to the digestive system because the digestion and assimilation of dietary fats and oils are essential for the body to be able to make the protective oils for the skin and hair.
The integumentary system also works closely with the circulatory system and the surface capillaries through your body. Because certain substances can enter the bloodstream through the capillary networks in the skin, patches can be used to deliver medications in this manner for conditions ranging from heart problems (nitroglycerin) to smoking cessation (nicotine patches).
The skin also is important in helping to regulate your body temperature. If you are too hot or too cold, your brain sends nerve impulses to the skin, which has three ways to either increase or decrease heat loss from the body's surface: hairs on the skin trap more warmth if they are standing up, and less if they are lying flat; glands under the skin secrete sweat onto the surface of the skin in order to increase heat loss by evaporation if the body is too hot; capillaries near the surface can open when your body needs to cool off and close when you need to conserve heat.
Your skin plays a vital role in your body as regards the sense of touch. The nervous system depends on neurons embedded in your skin to sense the outside world. It processes input from your senses, including touch, and initiates actions based on those inputs. For example, when you stub your toe, nerve cells in the foot send signals up the leg, through the spinal cord, and up into the brain. The nerve cell connections in the brain sense these signals as pain.
As well as interacting with the body systems as explained above, the integumentary system also contributes to numerous physiological processes, especially those involved in the regulation of the body’s internal environment so as to maintain a stable condition. An example is provided by the way that the skin helps in temperature regulation by changes in the pattern of blood supply to the skin and by sweating, as mentioned above.
Activity 1 Video Complete the handout below.
Your quiz can be found at: http://www.quizzes.cc/-145918
Day 8 The Endocrine System—
The endocrine system uses glands to produce hormones that allow the body to regulate many processes, including growth, homeostasis, defense, and reproduction. The major parts are:
hypothalamus.
pituitary.
thyroid.
parathyroids.
adrenals.
pineal body.
the ovaries.
the testes.
Activity 1: Video link
Watch Brain pop: Endocrine System and complete the handout. Glue the picture to the back.
Activity 2 Label the system
More information available below.
Article http://kidshealth.org/en/kids/endocrine.html?ref=search
Movie http://kidshealth.org/en/kids/esmovie.html?ref=search
Day 9 The Immune System—
The immune system uses antibodies, proteins, and specialized cells, such as T-cells, to defend the body from microorganisms that cause disease.
The main parts are The key primary lymphoid organs of the immune system are the thymus and bone marrow, and secondary lymphatic tissues such as spleen, tonsils, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, adenoids, and skin and liver. The parts work together to fight off pathogens. What are pathogens? - viruses, bacteria, or anything else that can cause illness.
Activity 1Article http://kidshealth.org/en/kids/immune.html#
Article review: link
How you get sick- link
Activity 2: quiz
Activity 3 Microviewers Animal Parasites of Man-
Day 10 Excretory System/ Urinary system
These systems are part of each other. This is an important body system because it helps us remove any harmful substances from our body. The kidneys actually work as a filtering system for our blood. They take blood in from the bloodstream, remove waste products (such as salt, minerals and any toxins, or bad stuff) and combine them with water. Then the body gets rid of this water and waste combination, known as urine. The kidney, in a healthy adult, can process as much as 45 liters of water a day, releasing only 1-2 liters in the form of urine. Engineers have designed many amazing filtering systems. They have designed systems to filter bad stuff out of water so that people can have clean water to drink, which helps us stay healthy. They have designed filters to remove harmful particles from the air, so we can have clean air to breathe. They even design filters to prevent unwanted noise from coming through on our phones. Engineers also design special filters for people in the hospital or who have medical problems. Many of the machines that you see in hospitals have been designed by engineers.
Sometimes people have kidneys that do not work well, so engineers have designed a special machine, called a dialysis machine, which filters their blood when their kidneys can not. A dialysis system removes a person's blood through a tube, runs it through filters to remove wastes and extra fluids, and then returns the clean blood to their body. It is a truly amazing system! The dialyzer consists of thousands of small fibers. The blood runs through the fibers, and a cleansing solution runs along the outside of the fibers. The solution acts like a sponge, and it soaks up the extra fluid and waste from the blood. The dirty solution is discarded, and the clean blood gets returned to the body.
Activity 1 video Answer the questions from the handout. ( Look below: Excretory system 1 )
Activity 2: read and take notes Ck12
Activity 3. How the body works
Activity 4 quiz
Day 11 The Reproductive System—
The reproductive system allows humans to produce new offspring. Males and females have different parts:
Female.
ovaries: two organs on either side of the lower abdomen that release an egg cell on a monthly basis
uterus: an organ, also called the womb, where the fertilized egg cell implants and grows into the unborn baby during pregnancy
Male
· testes, also called testicles: a pair of oval-shaped glands that produce sperm
penis: the male reproductive organ, through which urine and semen pass
Review
Go to the power point at the bottom to complete your graphic organizer
Transplants acvtivity: https://www.acls.net/a-history-of-heart-transplants.htm
Choose one: article or activity
Extra Files
Animal Parasites.docx (12k)Kathy Dougherty, Jul 20, 2020, 1:07 PM
Body Systems Graphic Organizer.doc (28k)Kathy Dougherty, Nov 15, 2014, 10:05 AM
Endocrine System Brain pop notes.docx (14k)Kathy Dougherty, Jan 19, 2019, 11:30 AM
Excretory System 1.docx (12k)Kathy Dougherty, Jan 27, 2019, 2:42 PM
How living things breathe micro viewers.docx (10k)Kathy Dougherty, Mar 12, 2020, 10:16 AM
Integumentary System reading notes.docx (37k)Kathy Dougherty, Dec 3, 2019, 5:56 AM
Integumentary System.docx (10k)Kathy Dougherty, Jan 17, 2019, 11:17 AM
Multiple Choice_ - Body Online Quiz - Quizzes.pdf (106k)Kathy Dougherty, Apr 7, 2016, 9:10 PM
Muscles quiz for website.doc (25k)Kathy Dougherty, Nov 18, 2014, 7:03 PM
Quia - digestive system vocabulary.pdf (151k)Kathy Dougherty, Jan 13, 2019, 5:35 PM
Respiratory Syste1.docx (39k)Kathy Dougherty, Apr 18, 2018, 10:12 AM
Skeletal System quiz.docx (68k)Kathy Dougherty, Jul 2, 2020, 12:08 PM
Skeletal syste1.docx (114k)Kathy Dougherty, Jul 2, 2020, 12:07 PM
Skeletal system.doc (34k)Kathy Dougherty, Nov 12, 2014, 10:26 PM
The digestive system song.ppt (103k)Kathy Dougherty, Nov 23, 2014, 9:28 AM
The purpose of the circulatory system is to do what.docx (12k)Kathy Dougherty, Mar 7, 2017, 11:08 AM
What are leukocytes.docx (55k)Kathy Dougherty, Jul 2, 2020, 12:04 PM
Where do I belong.docx (13k)Kathy Dougherty, Jan 29, 2019, 1:35 PM
body systems home page.docx (156k)Kathy Dougherty, Dec 12, 2018, 6:09 AM
bodysystems.ppt (154k)Kathy Dougherty, Nov 15, 2014, 10:00 AM
circulatory sites reading activity.doc (24k)Kathy Dougherty, Nov 13, 2014, 8:50 PM
digestive system.docx (208k)Kathy Dougherty, Apr 6, 2017, 10:47 AM
endocrine system and the immune system.docx (99k)Kathy Dougherty, Apr 10, 2017, 6:43 AM
exchange of oxygen.docx (203k)Kathy Dougherty, Apr 6, 2017, 11:03 AM
label the endocrine system.docx (77k)Kathy Dougherty, Jan 19, 2019, 11:57 AM
label the urinary system.docx (40k)Kathy Dougherty, Jan 27, 2019, 3:07 PM
making a blood model.docx (276k)Kathy Dougherty, Jun 19, 2019, 7:38 AM
muscular system.docx (15k)Kathy Dougherty, Apr 15, 2018, 1:21 PM