19TH CENTURY ART
19TH CENTURY ART
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KEY IDEAS
KEY IDEAS
Realism was based on the theory of being positive (positivism)
Japanese art had a profound impact on late 19th century painting.
Impressionist art is all about painting "en plein-air"
Symbolist painters seek to portray mystical personal visions.
The Skyscraper is a new type of building due to technological advances
Art Nouveau unifies painting, sculpture, and architecture with curvilinear lines and organic forms and motifs.
Artists were inspired by the past but rejected the traditional subject matter.
Almost all artworks are purely secular with no religious symbolism or intent.
Realism: 1848 - 1860's
Impressionism: 1872-1880's
Post-Impressionism: 1880's - 1890's
Symbolism: 1890's
Art Nouveau: 1890's - 1914
HISTORY
HISTORY
Europe was in a move from aristocracies to democracies = Revolutions in Sicily, Venice, Germany, Austria, and Lombardy.
Franco-Prussian War of 1870
Concept of positivism fueled by Comte (knowledge must come from proven ideas based off science)
Darwin and Marx = Human evolution and social equality
Invention of telephones, motion pictures, bicycles, and cars!
The avant-garde
New excavation begins in Greece, Turkey, and Europe
IMPRESSIONIST ART IMPRESSIONISM
IMPRESSIONIST ART IMPRESSIONISM
An art movement that originated with a group of Paris-based artists.
Their independent exhibitions brought them to prominence during the 1870s and 1880s, in spite of harsh opposition from the conventional art community in France.
Art Characteristics include:
relatively small, thin, yet visible brush strokes,
open composition,
emphasis on accurate depiction of light in its changing qualities (often accentuating the effects of the passage of time),
ordinary subject matter,
inclusion of movement as a crucial element of human perception and experience,
unusual visual angles
paint what you see
POST-IMPRESSIONISM
POST-IMPRESSIONISM
A predominantly French art movement that developed roughly between 1886 and 1905; from the last Impressionist exhibition to the birth of Fauvism
Post-Impressionism emerged as a reaction against Impressionist's concern for the naturalistic depiction of light and color.The movement was led by Cezanne, Gauguin, Van Gogh and Seurat
Post-Impressionists extended Impressionism while rejecting its limitations.They continued using vivid colors, often thick application of paint, and real-life subject matter,But they were more inclined to emphasize geometric forms, to distort form for expressive effect, and to use unnatural or arbitrary color
Post-Impressionists were dissatisfied with the triviality of subject matter and the loss of structure in Impressionist paintings
Paint what you feel
116. THE SAINT-LAZARE STATION. CLAUDE MONET. 1877 C.E. OIL ON CANVAS.
121. THE COIFFURE. MARY CASSATT. 1890–1891 C.E. DRYPOINT AND AQUATINT.
120. THE STARRY NIGHT. VINCENT VAN GOGH. 1889 C.E. OIL ON CANVAS.
THE HORSE IN MOTION. EADWEARD MUYBRIDGE. 1878 C.E. ALBUMEN PRINT.
smarthistory.org/early-photography-niepce-talbot-and-muybridge/
125. MONT SAINTE-VICTOIRE. PAUL CÉZANNE. 1902–1904 C.E. OIL ON CANVAS.
smarthistory.org/cezanne-mont-sainte-victoire/
123. WHERE DO WE COME FROM? WHAT ARE WE? WHERE ARE WE GOING? PAUL GAUGUIN. 1897–1898 C.E. OIL ON CANVAS.
https://smarthistory.org/gauguin-where-do-we-come-from-what-are-we-where-are-we-going/
NADAR RAISING PHOTOGRAPHY TO THE HEIGHT OF ART. HONORÉ DAUMIER. 1862 C.E. LITHOGRAPH.
smarthistory.org/early-photography-niepce-talbot-and-muybridge/
Symbolism
122. THE SCREAM. EDVARD MUNCH. 1893 C.E. TEMPERA AND PASTELS ON CARDBOARD.
Art Nouveau
128. THE KISS. GUSTAV KLIMT. 1907–1908 C.E. OIL AND GOLD LEAF ON CANVAS.
THE BURGHERS OF CALAIS. AUGUSTE RODIN. 1884–1895 C.E. BRONZE.
124. Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company Building. Chicago, Illinois, U.S. Louis Sullivan (architect). 1899–1903 C.E. Iron, steel, glass, and terra cotta. smarthistory.org/sullivan-carson-pirie-scott-building/
Impressionism
116. The Saint-Lazare Station, Claude Monet
121. The Coiffure, Mary Cassatt
Post Impressionism
120. The Starry Night, Vincent van Gogh
123. Where do we come from? What are we? Where are we going?, Paul Gauguin
125. Mont Sainte-Victoire, Paul Cézanne
Symbolism
122. The Scream
Art Nouveau
128. The Kiss (Klimt)
Architecture
124. Carson Pirie Scott
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