Egyptian

NEED TO KNOW DATES:

OLD KINGDOM 2500 BCE
MIDDLE KINGDOM 2030 - 1640 BCE
NEW KINGDOM 1500 BCE
AMARNA PERIOD 1333 BCE

Key Points

Egyptian art was created around ideas concerning eternity, the afterlife, and rebirth.
Funerary objects dominate- sculpture, painting, and architecture- all in the service of god-like
Pharaohs
Egyptians adhered to strict stylistic formulas for depicting social classes Egyptian history is a constant ebb and flow of dynastic fortunes.
The ideal depiction of humans was to represent successful men and women acting in a calm, rational matter.

Old Kingdom

Pharaohs wished to be buried in grand funerary monuments.
Egyptian architecture was designed and executed by highly skilled craftsman, not slaves Pyramid texts are the oldest surviving religious texts in existence

New Kingdom

Shift from Polytheism to Monotheism (Amarna Period)
Pharaohs now preferred hidden underground tombs in order to deter grave robbing.

Old Kingdom Architecture

Pyramids as tombs

Giant monuments to the dead

Old Kingdom Sculpture

Specialty was carving out of a single living rock

Amarna Period

Figures are depicted softer with rounded bellies.

Looks more human, less god.

New Kingdom Architecture

Focused more on underground tombs and temples, especially in the Valley of the Kings

New Kingdom Sculpture

Hypostyle Hall Style

New Kingdom Painting

Shoulders face frontally while the rest of the body is in profile.

13. Palette of King Narmer, Pre-dynastic Egypt. c. 3000-2920 B.C.E Greywacke

15. Seated scribe. Saqqara, Egypt. Old Kingdom, Fourth Dynasty. c. 2,620 - 2,5000 BCE. painted limestone

18. King Menkaure and Queen, Old Kingdom, Fourth Dynasty. c. 2490-2472 B.C.E. Greywacke

22. Akhenaten, Nefertiti, and Three Daughters, New Kingdom (Amarna), 18th Dynasty. c. 1353-1335 B.C.E. Limestone.

Great Pyramids (Menkaure, Khafre, Khufu) and Great Sphinx, Giza, Egypt. Old Kingdom, Fourth Dynasty. c. 2550-2490 B.C.E. Cut limestone.

17. The Great Pyramids (Menkaura, Khafre, Khufu) and Great Sphinx, Old Kingdom. Giza, Egypt. Old Kingdom, Fourth Dynasty. c. 2550 -2490 BCE. Cut limestone.

Mortuary Temple and Large Kneeling Statue of Hatshepsut, Near Luxor, Egypt. New Kingdom

c. 1479-58 B.C.E.

21. Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut Near Luxor, Egypt. New Kingdom, 18th Dynasty. c. 1473-1458 B.C.E. Sandstone, partially carved into a rock cliff, and red granite

24. Last judgment of Hu-Nefer, from his tomb (page from the Book of the Dead). New Kingdom, 19th Dynasty. c. 1275 B.C.E. Painted papyrus scroll.

23.Tutankhamun's Tomb, innermost coffin. New Kingdom, 18th Dynasty. c. 1,323 B.C.E. Gold with inlay of enamel and semi precious stones.

Temple of Amun-Re - Luxor, Egypt, c.1250BCE, cut sandstone and mud brick

20. Temple of Amun-Re and Hypostyle Hall Karnak, near Luxor, Egypt. New Kingdom, 18th and 19th Dynasties. Temple: c. 1550 bce; hall: c. 1250 bce. Cut sandstone and mud brick. 3 images

RESOURCES

Queen Hatshepsut. This ruler of Egypt had one of the most impressive funerary monuments built in all of Egyptian history Use the information you gain to answer the discussion questions provided.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8bYRy_wZEJI

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-queen-who-would-be-king-130328511/

Amazing things you (probably) didn’t know about Hatshepsut – The Queen who became King

VOCABULARY

1. HIEROGLYPHICS

2. MASTABA

3. PYRAMID

4. BEN-BEN

5. THE PYRAMID TEXTS

6. MORTUARY TEMPLE

7. SPHINX

8. DIORITE

9. COLONNADES

10. CLERESTORY

11. PYLON

12. HYPOSTYLE

ARTWORK LIST

PRE-DYNASTIC

13. Palette of King Narmer. Predynastic Egypt. c. 3000–2920 B.C.E. Greywacke. http://www.ancient-egypt.org/history/early-dynastic-period/1st-dynasty/horus-narmer/narmer-artefacts/narmer-palette.html Video about King Narmer(essay, images, additional resources)

OLD KINGDOM

15. Seated scribe. Saqqara, Egypt. Old Kingdom, Fourth Dynasty. c. 2620–2500 B.C.E. Painted limestone.

17. Great Pyramids (Menkaura, Khafre, Khufu) and Great Sphinx. Giza, Egypt. Old Kingdom, Fourth Dynasty. c. 2550–2490 B.C.E. Cut limestone.

18. King Menkaura and queen. Old Kingdom, Fourth Dynasty. c. 2490–2472 B.C.E. Greywacke.

NEW KINGDOM

20. Temple of Amun-Re and Hypostyle Hall. Karnak, near Luxor, Egypt. New Kingdom, 18th and 19th Dynasties. Temple: c. 1550 B.C.E.; hall: c. 1250 B.C.E. Cut sandstone and mud brick.

21. Mortuary temple of Hatshepsut. Near Luxor, Egypt. New Kingdom, 18th Dynasty. c. 1473–1458 B.C.E. Sandstone, partially carved into a rock cliff, and red granite.

22. Akhenaten, Nefertiti, and three daughters. New Kingdom (Amarna), 18th Dynasty. c. 1353–1335 B.C.E. Limestone.

23. Tutankhamun’s tomb, innermost coffin. New Kingdom, 18th Dynasty. c. 1323 B.C.E. Gold with inlay of enamel and semiprecious stones.

24. Last judgment of Hu-Nefer, from his tomb (page from the Book of the Dead). New Kingdom, 19th Dynasty. c. 1275 B.C.E. Painted papyrus scroll.