Greek
Greek
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KEY IDEAS
KEY IDEAS
Greeks are interested in the human figure and the idea of perfection.
Greek Temples provide a foundation for European architecture and reflects the idea of obtaining perfection with mathematical ratios.
The Greek time period starts at around 900 BCE, about 200 years after the collapse of the Mycenaeans.
In the 5th century, the Greeks defeated the Persians, though it left Athens in ruins (rebuilt by Pericles) = Start of the Classical time period
Polykleitos's canon of proportions: The head should be 1/7 of the body. The chiastic stance that expresses the alternating relaxed and stressed muscles.
The Peloponnesian War in 432 BCE (lasted about 27 years) devastated and crushed Athens by the victorious Spartans = Start of the Hellenistic
Alexander the Great took over and united the Macedonians with the Greeks in the 4th century and after his death, his empire gave into Roman rule.
Archaic Period: ~600 - 480 BCE
City-states rally together to expel the Persians; Athens destroyed 480 BCE
Classical Period: ~480 - 323 BCE
Peloponnesian War: ~431 - 404 BCE
Alexander the Great unites Greece and Macedonia c. 323 BCE
Hellenistic Period: ~323 - 30 BCE
Alexander the Great dies and Greek empire crumbles; eventually absorbed by the Romans
HISTORY
HISTORY
The collapse of Aegean Society around 1100 BCE left a vacuum in the Greek world until around 900 BCE with the emergence of city-states like Athens and Sparta. These places were competing political entities who were united only in a shared language and a fear of outsiders. In the fifth century BCE the Persians threatened to swallow Greece and the city-states rallied behind Athens to expel them. Once the threat was neutralized the city-states went back to bickering amongst themselves. Many Greek artists were theoreticians as well as sculptors or architects.
Athenian Agora reconstruction and site plan - Greece, Archaic through Hellenistic, c.600BCE-150CE,
Temple of Minerva - Veii, Italy, c. 510-500BCE, Original temple of wood, mud brick, or tufa/volcanic rock
Peplos Lore from the Acropolis - Archaic Greek, c.530BCE, Marble with painted details
Niobides Krater, Anonymous vase painter known as the Niobid Painter ~460-450 BCE. Clay, red-figure technique with white highlights.
Kritios Boy, from the Acropolis, Athens, Greece. ca. 480 BCE. Marble, 2’ 10” high. Early Classical, Greek. Acropolis Museum, Athens.
Doryphoros (Spear Bearer) Polykleitos. ~450-440 BCE (original). Roman copy (marble) of Greek original (bronze). 6’ 11” high. Classical, Greek. Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Naples.
Peplos Lore from the Acropolis - Archaic Greek, c.530BCE, Marble with painted details
35. The Acropolis, Ikintos and Kallikrates. ~447-410 BCE. Marble. Athens, Greece.
Acropolis (Ground Plan), Artist/Culture: lktinos and Kallikrates (architects of the Parthenon, the Temple of Athena Parthenos), Kallikrates (architect of Temple of Athena Nike), Medium: Architecture (marble) and sculpture (marble) Date: Parthenon, the Temple of Athena Parthenos, 447 - 432 B.C.E. Temple of Athena Nike, c. 425 B.C.E. Creator's Origin/Location: Athens, Classical Greece
Parthenon
Victory Adjusting her Sandal - at the Acropolis - Athens, Greece, c.447-410BCE, Marble
Plaque of the Ergastines - at the Acropolis - Athens, Greece, c.447-410BCE, Marble
Grave Stele of Hegeso Attributed to Kallimachos. 410 BCE. Marble and paint. Classical Greek.
Great Altar of Zeus and Athena 175 BCE. Marble. Pergamon, Asia Minor (modern-day Turkey)
Great Altar of Zeus and Athena at Pergamon → Exterior, Hellenistic Greek, c. 175 B.C.E., Marble, State Museum, Berlin.
Seated Boxer , 100 BCE. Bronze. Hellenistic Greek
Winged Victory (Nike) of Samothrace 190 BCE. Marble. Louvre, Paris.
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
ACROPOLIS
ARCHITRAVE
ATHENA
CANON
CARYATID
CELLA
CHIASTIC
CONTRAPPOSTO
DORIC
ENCAUSTIC
ENTABLATURE
FRIEZE
GIGANTOMACHY
IONIC
KOUROS
KORE
KRATER
LOST WAX PROCESS
METOPE
NIKE
OPISTHODOMOS
PANATHENAIC PROCESSION
PEDIMENT
PEPLOS
PERIPTERAL
PERISTYLE
PROPYLAEA
ARTWORK LIST
ARTWORK LIST
Archaeic:
27. Anavysos Kouros. Archaic Greek. c. 530 B.C.E. Marble with remnants of paint.
28. Peplos Kore from the Acropolis. Archaic Greek. c. 530 B.C.E. Marble, painted details.
Classical:
33. Niobides Krater. Anonymous vase painter of Classical Greece known as the Niobid Painter. c. 460–450 B.C.E. Clay, red- gure technique (white highlights).
34. Doryphoros (Spear Bearer). Polykleitos. Original 450–440 B.C.E. Roman copy (marble) of Greek original (bronze).
35. Acropolis. Athens, Greece. Iktinos and Kallikrates. c. 447–410 B.C.E. Marble.
- Plaque of the Ergastines
- Victory Adjusting her Sandal
36. Grave stele of Hegeso. Attributed to Kallimachos. c. 410 B.C.E. Marble and paint.
Hellenistic:
26. Athenian agora. Archaic through Hellenistic Greek. 600 B.C.E.–150 C.E. Plan.
37. Winged Victory of Samothrace. Hellenistic Greek. c. 190 B.C.E. Marble.
38. Great Altar of Zeus and Athena at Pergamon. Asia Minor (present-day Turkey). Hellenistic Greek. c. 175 B.C.E. Marble (architecture and sculpture).
41. Seated boxer. Hellenistic Greek. c. 100 B.C.E. Bronze.
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