Lymphatic System & Body Defenses
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Chapter 12: Lymphatic System & Body Defenses
One of the least recognized of the body systems, the lymphatic system has been gaining ground in recognition and understanding over the past two decades, largely due to research into AIDS, cancer, and autoimmune disorders. The structural components of this system lymphoid organs, tissue, lymph fluid, and white blood cells are important players in the body’s immunity against invading and infiltrating pathogens. Although familiar with the idea of immunity, students are usually unfamiliar with the complementary role it plays with the cardiovascular system, as it surveys, filters, and cleanses leaked plasma before it is returned to the bloodstream.
Unit Standards
What is the NGSS & 3 Dimensional Science Learning and Why is it Important?
Science Practices - Disciplinary Core Ideas - Crosscutting Concepts
HS-LS1-1: Genes, Proteins, and Tissues
Construct an explanation based on evidence for how the structure of DNA determines the structure of proteins which carry out the essential functions of life through systems of specialized cells.
Clarification Statement: none
Boundary Statement: Assessment does not include identification of specific cell or tissue types, whole body systems, specific protein structures and functions, or the biochemistry of protein synthesis.
HS-LS1-2: Interacting Body Systems
Develop and use a model to illustrate the hierarchical organization of interacting systems that provide specific functions within multicellular organisms. (Systems and System Models)
Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on functions at the organism system level such as nutrient uptake, water delivery, and organism movement in response to neural stimuli. An example of an interacting system could be an artery depending on the proper function of elastic tissue and smooth muscle to regulate and deliver the proper amount of blood within the circulatory system.
Boundary Statement: Assessment does not include interactions and functions at the molecular or chemical reaction level.
HS-LS1-3: Feedback Mechanisms and Homeostasis
Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that feedback mechanisms maintain homeostasis. (Stability and Change)
Clarification Statement: Examples of investigations could include heart rate response to exercise, stomate response to moisture and temperature, and root development in response to water levels.
Boundary Statement: Assessment does not include the cellular processes involved in the feedback mechanism.
Learning Objectives / Career Connections
By the end of this chapter, students should be able to:
12-1 Explain how the lymphatic system is functionally related to the cardiovascular and immune defenses.
12-2 Name the two major types of structures composing the lymphatic system.
12-3 Describe the source of lymph, and explain its formation and transport.
12-4 Describe the function(s) of lymph nodes, tonsils, the thymus, Peyer’s patches, and the spleen.
12-5 Describe the protective functions of skin and mucous membranes.
12-6 Explain the role of natural killer cells.
12-7 Describe the inflammatory process.
12-8 Explain the importance of phagocytes.
12-9 Name several antimicrobial substances produced by the body that act in innate body defense.
12-10 Describe how fever helps protect the body.
12-11 Define antigen and hapten, and name substances that act as complete antigens.
12-12 Name the two arms of the adaptive defense system, and relate each to a specific lymphocyte type
(B or T cell).
12-13 Compare and contrast the development of B and T cells.
12-14 State the roles of B cells and T cells.
12-15 Explain the importance of antigen-presenting cells in immunity.
12-16 Define humoral immunity.
12-17 State the role of plasma cells.
12-18 Explain the function(s) of antibodies, and describe clinical uses of monoclonal antibodies.
12-19 Distinguish between active and passive immunity.
12-20 Describe the structure of an antibody monomer.
12-21 List the five antibody classes, and describe their specific roles in immunity.
12-22 Describe several ways in which antibodies act against antigens.
12-23 Distinguish the roles of helper, regulatory, and cytotoxic T cells.
12-24 Describe allergies, autoimmune diseases, and immunodeficiencies.
12-25 Describe the origin of the lymphatic vessels.
12-26 Describe the effects of aging on immunity.
Using ChatGPT to find local Colorado Phenomena
Use the following prompt, adjust accordingly. "I am a high school science teacher looking for a local Colorado phenomena to address NGSS standard (enter standard you are looking for... example HS-LS1-6)"
Career Connections
Connecting what students are learning to careers not only deepens their engagement in school but also helps them make more informed choices about their future. Browse the following related career profiles to discover what scientists really do on the job and what it takes to prepare for these careers. For additional profiles visit your Year at a Glance Page.
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