A specific and persistent difficulty in understanding numbers which can lead to a diverse range of difficulties with mathematics.
Students typically have difficulties with:
They may have specific difficulties with certain areas of maths such as fractions and decimals, long division and multiplication, multiplication tables, money and time but not with number skills.
Misunderstand some of the mathematical terms and language.
Difficulties with sequencing and following procedures.
They forget previously mastered procedures very quickly.
Teaching Strategies
Talk partners / study buddy
Read text to them
Handouts instead of copying tasks
Repeat instructions
Chunked tasks
Processing time
Memory aids: working walls, learning mats, regularly repeating key information
Effective modelling through I do, we do, you do approach to ensure that children feel ready to work independently and apply key skills
Recap new learning frequently
Use of ICT if appropriate
Mark for content not presentation
Avoid marking every spelling or mathematical error
Alternatives to writing - mindmaps etc.
Scaffolding
Visual aids for sequencing
Extra time
Strategies to aid organisation
Provide pupil with study pack
Record home learning for them
Write key steps for the lesson on the board.
Give clear instructions for homework – preferably not at the end of the lesson!
Clear learning outcomes / success criteria
Pre-teaching new/subject specific vocabulary
Scaffolding - word banks, sentence starters and writing frames.
The learning environment supports independence e.g. display key words for a topic to support difficult spellings
Ensure fonts on whiteboard are clear and of a reasonable size. We will not use a “white” background and will endeavour to use the correct colour backgrounds where indicated by individual pupils preference.
Clear steps within lesson to scaffold and support
Check for understanding via a range of open and closed questioning
Consistent use of positive language
Time given for processing
Additional time to complete tasks if necessary (25% extra time)
Consistent use of terms
Repetition and reinforcement of skills
Teach sequencing as a skill e.g. sequencing stories, sentences, alphabet etc.
Staff set personalised learning targets for individual needs
High quality ‘on the spot feedback’ and corrective teaching to ensure that all children make progress
Examples of Resources and Classroom-Based Provision
Resources, equipment, homework book/diaries make use of consistent symbol and colour coding
Individual daily schedule – Visuals, Now/Next/Then board etc
Visual timetable
Check lists and task lists that pupils can tick off as they work through them
Use of ICT programs and apps to reinforce and revise what has been taught
Use small whiteboards and pen for notes or to try out spellings, record ideas etc. to support short term memory
Range of coloured overlays/ reading rulers available
Coloured paper for worksheets/ workbooks and coloured background on smart board
Use coloured pens to support learning spellings, identifying different sections of text, one colour for each sentence etc.
Mark starting point for each line with green/coloured dot or symbol
Extra reading practice
Additional writing practise – dictation
Improve working memory playing memory games
Cloze procedure exercises to vary writing tasks and demonstrate understanding
Regular spelling tests
Focus on high frequency words
Inform parents/guardians of any new words/spellings so that they can be worked on at home
Google forms/ quizzes to test new knowledge
Further Reading
Useful websites
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References:
Pearson 5 strategies for supporting SEN children in your classroom: https://docs.google.com/document/d/15znzFEcH1S41PK1TW9ewJ_DNpb8m-Xr6QCIP6_KR6EE/edit?usp=sharing
St Martin's Areas of need QFT checklist: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/16SamvYGDzL7eCB7229gGY0IjCqlrKXxiXtcu1bVlv-M/edit?usp=sharing
St Martin's QFT - Universal Provision: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1lx4pRBu6vq1-eUj19J0fof4u40X9mHOFD30fX3S00og/edit?usp=sharing
The Dyslexia Association: What are the signs of Dyscalculia? https://www.dyslexia.uk.net/specific-learning-difficulties/dyscalculia/the-signs-of-dyscalculia/
British Dyslexia Association: About dyscalculia: https://www.bdadyslexia.org.uk/dyscalculia/how-can-i-identify-dyscalculia/how-does-dyslexia-affect-maths-learning
Child Mind Institute: How to Help Kids With Dyscalculia: https://childmind.org/article/how-to-help-kids-dyscalculia/
Dyscalculia Toolkit: http://www.mathematicshed.com/uploads/1/2/5/7/12572836/dyscalculia-toolkit-v4.pdf
Understood: Understanding Dyscalculia: Symptoms Explained: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GRJS-jeZ7Is