Religion and language are central to Middle Eastern cuisine. Islam, Christianity, and Judaism all originated in this region and share dietary codes and fasting traditions. The Arabic language itself unites much of the Middle East through food terminology. Words like tahini, kabsa, and falafel are rooted in Arabic, often carrying meanings linked to preparation or ingredients.
Religious Influence:
Islam- Commonly eaten during Ramadan as part of iftar.
Christianity- Originated as a meat substitute for Lent among Egyptian Copts.
Language Connection: The Arabic word falāfil is the plural of filfil (pepper), referring to the spiced nature of the dish.
Cultural Symbolism: Represents simplicity and equality because everyone, regardless of class, can afford falafel.
Religious Influence:
Islam- Featured in Ramadan meals due to its high protein and ease of sharing
Judaism- Part of the Israeli and Levantine dietary tradition. It’s kosher and served on Shabbat tables.
Christianity- Popular in communal meals across Eastern Orthodox and Levantine communities.
Language Connection: The word ḥummuṣ in Arabic literally means “chickpea.” This linguistic continuity across Hebrew, Arabic, and Aramaic shows the deep shared roots of regional language families.
Religious Influence:
Served during Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha celebrations, marking the end of Ramadan and the Hajj pilgrimage.
Follows the halal preparation rules: meat must be slaughtered according to Islamic law.
Language Connection: The Arabic root kabasa means “to press or squeeze,” referencing how rice and meat are packed tightly together in one pot.