Do17 Variants

Type: four-seat medium bomber;

Powerplant: 2 x 1,000hp Bramo 323P Fafnir 9-cylinder, radial piston engines;

Performance: 255mph / 410kph at 4,000ft / 1,220m (maximum speed), 186mph / 300kph at 13,125ft / 4000m (maximum cruising speed), 26,905 ft / 8200m (maximum ceiling), 721 miles / 1,160km (maximum range);

Weight: 11,488lbs / 5,210kg (empty), 18,940lbs / 8,590kg (maximum take-off);

Dimensions: 59ft 1in / 18m (wing span), 51ft 10in / 15.8m (length), 14ft 11in / 4.55m (height), 592sq.ft / 55m.sq (wing area);

Armament: up to 7 x 7.92mm (0.31in) MG15 machineguns and up to 2,205lbs / 1000kg of bombs; Used: Germany, Finland, Italy, Croatia & Yugoslavia

Dornier Do 217E

Dornier Do 217E

A major variant of the Do17 was the Dornier Do217, essentially an enlarged version, first flown as a prototype in August 1938, powered by two 1,075hp Daimler-Benz DB601A engines. Dornier had issued Manufacturing Specification No. 1323 recognising the need for a twin-engined bomber or long-range reconnaissance aircraft, as well recognising that the Ju88 was superior to the Do17 in every way. Although the original aircraft crashed a few weeks later, the programme was continued by three prototypes equipped with two 950hp Jumo 211A engines. The third prototype carried armament and enlarged vertical tail surfaces and modified dive brakes. A further three Jumo-engined aircraft were followed by two with 1,550hp BMW 139 engines in an attempt to improve the aircraft's performance but the advanced BMW 801 was eventually adopted (with a similar output) for the eight pre-production Do217A-0 reconnaissance aircraft. These carried two cameras and three 7.92mm (0.31in) machineguns and entered service with the Aufklarungsgruppe Oberbefehlshaber der Luftwaffe in 1940. The A series was followed by five aircraft of the Do217C bomber version, the first (Do217C V1) being equipped with the Jumo 211A engines but the remainder (Do217C-0) had the BMW 601A engines although all were armed with one 15mm MG151 cannon and five 7.92mm (0.31in) machineguns plus a bomb load of 6,614lbs (3,000kg). The first major production variant was the Do217E which appeared in 1940 having modifications such as a deeper fuselage and an enlarged bomb bay that could accept bombs or a torpedo. The Do217E-1 was able to carry 4,409lbs (2,000kg) of bombs, one 15mm MG151 cannon and five 7.92mm (0.31in) machineguns. This was followed by the Do217E-2 with a revised armament of one 13mm (0.51in) MG131 machinegun in a dorsal turret, another placed ventrally, three 7.92mm (0.31in) machineguns in the forward fuselage and a 15mm MG151 cannon in the nose.

Unit

5./KG 2

Kampfgeschwader 2

source: wikipedia

Kampfgeschwader 2 " Holzhammer " (KG 2) (Battle Wing 2) was a Luftwaffe bomber unit during the Second World War. The unit was formed in May 1939. The unit operated the Dornier Do 17 light bomber, Dornier Do 217 and Junkers Ju 188 heavy bombers. During the course of the Second World War KG 2 lost 767 aircraft destroyed and 158 damaged. It suffered 1,908 personnel killed in action or missing in action and 214 as prisoners of war.

History

Stab/KG 2 and I./KG 2 were formed on 1 May 1939 at Cottbus. II./KG 2 was formed at Liegnitz, Silesia. The unit spent most of the summer training and recruiting personnel from the flight schools.

War Time Service

Poland

On 25 August the unit was transferred to Jesau. It began the Polish Campaign attacking airfields and railway yards. Stab/KG 2 was withdrawn on 20 September and placed under the Command of Luftflotte 3 carrying out reconnaissance missions over France. I.KG 2 attacked airfields at Wilna and Lida and Plock on 1 September and again on 2 September. From 2-3 September it supported theGerman Third Army and German Fourth Army north of Warsaw. From 4-11 September rail targets were again bombed. Troop concentrations became the main targets after this until the Polish surrender. Stab./ KG 2 and II. KG 2 also operated in support of I. Gruppe. Altogether, the three Grupen had contributed 84 Dornier Do 17Z aircraft to the campaign.

Battle of France and the Low Countries

I./KG 2 supported German Army Group A’s crossing of the Meuse. It supported Heinz Guderian’s Panzerkorps in the vicinity of Sedan during the battle of the 12-14 May. It fielded 36 Dornier Do 17s, with 22 aircraft serviceable. It also hit French Air Force airfields in Amiens, Reims, Champagne and Arras. Between 21-31 May 1940, I. Gruppe supported ground forces during the Battle of Dunkirk. On 3 June 1940 it participated in the huge aerial offensive against French air power in Operation Paula.

II./KG 2 committed 36 Do 17s (28 operational) to the western campaign in Fliegerkorps II. It assisted in all the major operations of the French Campaign. III./KG 2 supported the other two Gruppen with 36 Do 17s, with 30 serviceable. The worst day of the western campaign for KG 2 was the 27 May, when Major Werner Kreipe's III. Gruppe lost 11 out of 27 Do 17s to RAF fighters over Dunkirk.

Battle of Britain

I./KG 2 deployed 43 Do 17s (27 operational) against Britain while based at Epinoy. By 7 September it had fallen to 19 and 12 machines respectively. It continued to strike at targets during the Blitz, and then redeployed to Austria on 28 March 1941 in preparation for the German invasion of Yugoslavia. II./KG 2 supported I./KG 2, beginning operations over Britain with 35 Do 17s, 31 operational. By 7 September this had fallen to 30 and 20 respectively. III./KG 2 succeeded in replacing most of its losses; the number employed on 13 August was 34 Do 17s and 32 operational. The figures were the same on 7 September.

KG 2 took part in the first large dogfight over the English Channel on 10 July 1940, which is considered to be the opening of the Battle of Britain. Attacking the convoy "Bread", KG 2 sank two ships and one 700-ton sloop and four RAF fighters were damaged. In return three Do 17s were lost and three damaged, along with three Messerschmitt Bf 110s destroyed and a single Messerschmitt Bf 109, with two damaged. A month later, on 10 August, KG 2 attacked the convoy "Booty", losing three Dorniers and six damaged. On 12 August 1940, known as "Eagle day", KG 2 took off at 4:50 am led byGeschwaderkommodore Johannes Fink to attack targets in southern Britain. They were to be escorted by Bf 110s from ZG 26 led by Oberstleutnant Joachim Huth. The weather was poor and German ground controllers ordered the fighters back to base. The message did not get through to II. and III./KG 2. Huth tried to signal them by flying in front of them and performing aerobatics. Fink ignored him and flew on. He flew around the coast to his target: Eastchurch airfield on the Isle of Sheppey. Albert Kesselring had issued orders for bombers to abandon missions if their escorts did not show up. But some Bf 109s from Erprobungsgruppe had not received the order either and Fink failed to turn back as he was not disobeying the directive. The return would take KG 2 across No. 11 Group's territory, which would have been disastrous. Owing to the radar plotters missing the raiders, and the Observer Corps misjudging the bearing or route of the raid, the RAF failed to prevent the target being attacked. On the return journey No. 74 Squadron RAF, No. 111 Squadron RAF and No. 151 Squadron RAF managed to intercept, shooting down five Do 17s. KG 2 had destroyed ten Supermarine Spitfires on the ground and wrecked the airfield.

Balkans Campaign

I. Gruppe committed 29 Do 17s with 28 operational. It participated in the bombing of Belgrade, the Battle of Greece and Battle of Crete attacking ground and naval targets. On 20 May 1941 the unit claimed many Allied ships sunk north of Crete. It reported the loss of 6 Do 17s and 7 damaged. II. Gruppe did not take part. III. Gruppe participated with 30 Do 17s, 29 operational. It reported losses of 6 aircraft shot down and 5 damaged during the campaign. During June 1941 I./KG 2 was partially converted to the Do 217.

Eastern Front

I. and III./KG 2 supported both Army Group North and Army Group Centre in several major engagements. KG 2 supported German forces during the Battle of Białystok–Minsk, Battle of Smolensk, Siege of Leningrad and Battle of Moscow. III./KG 2 returned to Germany on 26 September to convert onto the Do 217. I./KG 2 departed for Germany on 31 October 1941. Total losses for Kampfgeschwader 2on the Eastern Front in 1941 indicate three Do 17s lost in June, a further nine lost in July, nine in August, a single Dornier destroyed on the ground in September, three Do 17s in October, for a total of 24 lost in aerial combat and one on the ground. I./KG 2 lost 13 Do 17s destroyed and 12 damaged in 22 June - 31 October 1941. The Dornier's most notable action on the Eastern front occurred on 23-24 June at Grodno. The commander of the Soviet Western Front, General Armii Dmitriy Pavlov attempted a counterattack against Hermann Hoth's Panzergruppe 3. With air superiority and no air opposition, Dornier Do 17s of III./KG 2 destroyed columns of Soviet infantry. With help from other units, the Luftwaffe destroyed 105 Soviet tanks. The Soviet 6th and 11th Mechanised Corps and 6th Cavalry Corps were routed. For his unit's particular effectiveness, Hauptmann Walter Bradel, received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross.

Western Europe

While I. and III./KG 2 were engaged on the Eastern Front, II./KG 2 operated from various bases in the Netherlands and France in Maritime Interdiction Operations and strategic bombing attacks on theUnited Kingdom. In July 1941 II. Gruppe were attached to stab./KG 30 under the command of Luftflotte 3. On 2 July 1942 it could muster 37 Do 217s and 2 Do 17s. On the night of the 4/5 July 1942 it flew its first mission over the United Kingdom with Do 217s. Over the period 4 July - 31 December 1941 the unit lost 18 Do 217s. In August 1942 the unit lost 7 Do 217s during the Dieppe raid. In November 1942 it helped German forces occupy Vichy France during Case Anton. I./KG 2 returned to western Europe in May 1942. It engaged in night attacks over Britain and dropping naval mines in the English Channel and along the British east coast. This action continued until May 1944. By that time the Gruppe had struck at ports along the southern British coast which contained the Allied invasion fleets that were to launch the Normandy landings on 6 June 1944. II./KG 2 had supported I./KG 2 from December 1942 - September 1943. It was withdrawn to Germany owing to "very heavy losses". During that time, the Geschwaderkommodore Walter Bradel was killed returning from a raid on Norwich on 5 May 1943.

It converted to the Junkers Ju 188 in October - December 1943. It used its new aircraft to bomb British cities and ports containing the Allied invasion fleets. II./KG 2 continued strategic and anti-shipping strikes until, owing to lack of resources, was dissolved at Reppen on 3 October 1944. During its air raids over Britain, KG 2 lost 65 of 88 crews in April - September 1942. On four raids (27-31 July) it lost 27 aircraft.

III./KG 2 was withdrawn to Germany in July 1944 after combat operations over the Normady beachheads. It was ordered dissolved on 16 September 1944, but it was not carried out. In October the Gruppe retrained as a night fighter unit flying the Dornier Do 335. The unit was renamed V./NJG 2 on 1 December 1944. Such training was abandoned in March 1945. I./KG 2 was disbanded officially on 3 October 1944 after combat operations over France.

Kampfgeschwader 2

1. Lebenslauf:

Das Kampfgeschwader 2 wurde in mehreren Schritten aufgestellt. Am 1. Mai 1939 wurden Stab, I. und II. / Kampfgeschwader 252 in Stab, I. und II. / Kampfgeschwader 2 umbenannt. Gleichzeitig erfolgte bei der II. Gruppe die Umrüstung von der Ju 86 auf die Do 17 Z. Ab dem 1. September 1939 nahm das Geschwader mit seinen zwei Gruppen am Polenfeldzug teil: