1. Construct and run (using R) a population model with the following conditions/ assumptions.
- Initial population 100
--deterministic, density-independent growth at r=0.02
-- grow population over 25 years
2. Change the above conditions as follows:
-- initial population 10
-- stochastic growth with annual r from normal distribution with mean=0.02 and sd=0.05
-- populations is extinct if N<2 (i.e., goes to 0 and stays there)
-- grow for 100 years
3. For the population in number 2 run the simulation several times (10 or more) and keep track of how many times the population
goes extinct in 100 year. See if you can figure out a way to do this automatically (hint: you need another loop). This is a PVA!
4. Change to model in #1 as follows:
- maximum growth r=0.05
- upper limit to growth K=500
- logistic growth model
- 100 years
5. Suppose you have a population with age structure (females only) growing in density-independent manner. Survival rates for 5 age classes (birth to
5+ year) are
S=c(0.5,0.65,0.85,0.7,0)
and age-specific birth rates are
b=c(0,1,2,1,0)
Find the stable age distribution (proportion in each age class) and stable population growth rate. Hint: it will probably be
easier for you to create the projection matrix and then directly use eigenanalysis, rather than trying to modify the iterative code
for 5 age classes