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Misunderstanding self-organization and how it happens and what it means is the primary mistake of modern physics. Self-organization is interpreted in a very deterministic way. By such definitions, when a system self-organizes it is constrained by the self-organizing "force or forces" to do exactly certain things. But the emergence that results from self-organization does not come from a force, or forces, but from a probabilistic function, entropy, that shows some of the appearance of a force but is not a force. Then self-organizing means the patterns are restricted (so there is a pattern) but allowing variations (so it is self-organization not determinism).
Self-organization always involves a limit on the possible (energy) states that a system can proceed through. Because there is a randomness about the occurrence, functional definition is not possible. Because the random choices are limited to a small set of options, a pattern emerges. Thus new capabilities arise (the patterns that emerge) without a functional link.
Jerome Heath
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