Basic notions
Morphology
Constituent: =element, component of word
Simplex word: can not cut to smaller unit
Ex: buy
Complex word: can cut to smaller units
Ex: buyer has 2 constituents
Stem: root of a work
Ex: stem of "works" and "working" is "work"
Paradigm: mẫu, mô hình, set of related forms having the same stem but different affixes
Ex: noun paradigm: child, child's, children, children's
Syntagmatic relationship: tell how to combine free & bound morphemes into well formed words
Ex: reading -> read + ing
Paradigmatic pattern = morphological rule
V + er = N (teach + er = teacher)
Syllable: unit of speech sounds
water = wa + ter
Word formation
1. Clipping (truncation)
advertisement -> ad
fanatic -> fan
dormitory -> dorm
2. Acronymy
NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization
3. Blending
brunch = breakfast + lunch
4. Back-Formation: removing what is thought to be a suffix
emotion -> emote
Derivation
Compounding
Inflection
Allomorph