Draft 4
Ending the Trends of Implicit Bias
Since the dawn of time, humans have struggled with an inevitable issue, commonly referred to as “implicit bias”. According to The Kirwan Institute's Research Agenda, the issue of implicit bias is manifested unconsciously.1 As oppose to being aware, the issue is one that lies hidden from human consciousness. Identically, Theodore Johnson, professor at Georgetown University’s McCourt School of Public Policy, concludes after taking the "Implicit Association Test", his bias was influenced both socially and individually.2 Nevertheless, it is an immense work in progress. While the social movement can be argued of its implicit bias, Black Lives Matter, is among the many programs that are actually challenging implicit bias. Whether the intention is pure or not, is it not the approach that matters more than anything? Although these movements may challenge implicit bias, the question is not to challenge but to end it. In a developing society, the end of implicit bias ultimately begins in a reform of our social media, and the individual sincerity that defines it.
Understanding implicit bias is crucial to finding its solution. Renee Montagne and David Greene, journalists and hosts of National Public Radio, interview Harvard University's social-psychologist Mahzarin Banaji, about her theory of implicit bias. Banaji believes the issue has been embedded in our minds in an unconscious manner. 3 In other words, combating implicit bias is rooted in a much deeper level, usually of being unaware. The Kirwan Institute's Research Agenda further proves that our biases are constantly forming and malleable. 4 The human brain builds and continues to expands its horizons through the variety of biases.5 A simple example is how children learn to categorize animals, from dogs. Similarly, studies from the University of Virginia discovers the reflection of implicit knowledge on evaluative conditioning. In evaluative conditioning, attitudes depend on concepts. 6 In the experiment, participants pair positive images with negative images by using skin color. 7 After the two days, they conclude the experiment actually decreases implicit-racial bias.8 Implicit bias is clearly influenced by the images that the human mind grasps, which introduces yet another aspect that inevitably controls society. Social media, and the trends within it, are really what sends these images. The approach for ending implicit bias, therefore, depends also on how the media is sending its advertisements and messages.
Despite the unconsciousness of our learning, studies have shown such unethical bias can be diminished through individual power. Because the social world continues to allow bias into our subconscious, individuals must understand their beliefs. Even so, the question is how can students change when schools can't? Scott Jaschik, editor and one of the founders of the Insider Ed, compiles the many cases of implicit bias in the higher education.9 While it can be astonishing, students will naturally hold certain biases because of how they feel. The student is ultimately responsible for breaking the chains of racism yet, it's the public's duty to facilitate this push. As difficult as it may sound, Theodore R. Johnson maintains an optimistic attitude to this conflict. In taking the Implicit Association Test, he explains the solution of implicit bias from the individual perspective. Through Johnson's acknowledgement of the bias and a concerted effort to modify his behavior, his bias was suppressed. 10 He writes, "By my fourth and final attempt, I exhibited no preference at all."11 As can be seen, humans are more than willing to recognize implicit biases, and most importantly correct our behaviors. He additionally states,"If each of us is willing to recognize our implicit biases and police our actions accordingly, there may be hope for the racial aspect of the American experiment after all."12 The counter of implicit bias is found solely within self control. Johnson's cognition was able to see through his actions, and just how he was able to, humans should also. In a collective society where all opinions matter, the end of implicit bias is indeed capable, and ultimately depends on the individual willingness and sincerity to change their biases.
End Notes
1. The Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race and Ethnicity, "Understanding Implicit Bias," Ohio State University, 2015, accessed November 3, 2016, http://kirwaninstitute.osu.edu/research/understanding-implicit-bias/
2. Theodore R. Johnson, "Black-on-Black Racism: The Hazards of Implicit Bias," The Atlantic, December 26, 2014, accessed November 2, 2016, http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/12/black-on-black-racism-the-hazards-of-implicit-bias/384028/
3. Mahzarin Banaji, the social-psychologist at Harvard, maintains the website Project Implicit: https://implicit.harvard.edu/implicit/, which focuses primarily on the awareness of implicit bias of individuals. Renee Montagne and David Greene, "How the Concept of Implicit Bias Came into Being," NPR: Morning Edition, October 17, 2016, accessed November 1, 2016, http://www.npr.org/2016/10/17/498219482/how-the-concept-of-implicit-bias-came-into-being
4. More implicit bias experiments and cases can be found in the following source. The Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race and Ethnicity, "Research and Strategic Initiatives," Ohio State University, 2015, accessed November 3, 2016, http://kirwaninstitute.osu.edu/researchandstrategicinitiatives/
5. The Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race and Ethnicity, "Understanding Implicit Bias."
6. Calvin K. Lai, Kelly M. Hoffman and Brian A. Nosek “Reducing Implicit Prejudice,” University of Virginia 2014, Date accessed November 1,2016, 2-5 http://people.virginia.edu/~kmh3xm/Lai%20et%20al.%20-%20Compass.pdf
7. Lai, Hoffman and Nosek, “Reducing Implicit Prejudice.”
8. Lai, Hoffman and Nosek, “Reducing Implicit Prejudice.”
9. Scott Jaschik, "Seeking Same-Race Roommates: Minority Student at Pitzer Advertised for Non-White Roommate,"Inside Higher Ed, August 15, 2016, accessed November 2, 2016, https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/08/15/pitzer-students-posting-seeking-minority-roommates-sets-broad-debate
10. Johnson, "Black-on-Black.”
11. Johnson, "Black-on-Black.”
12. Johnson, "Black-on-Black.”
Bibliography
Jaschik, Scott. “Seeking Same-Race Roommates.” Inside Higher Ed, August 15, 2016. Accessed November 2, 2016.
https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/08/15/pitzer-students-posting-seeking-minority-roommates-sets-broad-debate
Johnson, Theodore R. "Black-on-Black Racism: The Hazards of Implicit Bias." The Atlantic, December 26, 2014. Accessed November 3, 2016. http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/12/black-on-black-racism-the-hazards-of-implicit-bias/384028/
Lai K., Calvin, Hoffman M., Kelly and Brian A. Nosek. “Reducing Implicit Prejudice,” University of Virginia (2014): 2-5. Accessed November 1 ,2016,
http://people.virginia.edu/~kmh3xm/Lai%20et%20al.%20-%20Compass.pdf
Montagne, Renee and David Greene. "How the Concept of Implicit Bias Came into Being." NPR: Morning Edition, October 17, 2016. Accessed November 1, 2016. http://www.npr.org/2016/10/17/498219482/how-the-concept-of-implicit-bias-came-into-being
The Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race and Ethnicity. "Implicit," Ohio State University, 2015. Accessed November 3, 2016, http://kirwaninstitute.osu.edu/research/understanding-implicit-bias/
Draft 3
Ending the Trends of Implicit Bias
Since the dawn of time, humans have struggled with an inevitable issue, commonly referred to as “implicit bias”. According to The Kirwan Institute's Research Agenda, the issue of implicit bias is manifested unconsciously.1 As oppose to being aware, the issue is one that lies hidden from human consciousness. Identically, Theodore Johnson, professor at Georgetown University’s McCourt School of Public Policy, concludes after taking the "Implicit Association Test", his bias was influenced both socially and individually.2 Nevertheless, it is an immense work in progress. While the social movement can be argued of its implicit bias, Black Lives Matter, is among the many programs that are actually challenging implicit bias. Whether the intention is pure or not, is it not the approach that matters more than anything? Although these movements may challenge implicit bias, the question is not to challenge but to end it. In a developing society, the end of implicit bias ultimately begins in a reform of our social media, and the individual sincerity that defines it.
Understanding implicit bias is crucial to finding its solution. Renee Montagne and David Greene, journalists and hosts of National Public Radio, interview Harvard University's social-psychologist Mahzarin Banaji, about her theory of implicit bias. Banaji believes the issue has been embedded in our minds in an unconscious manner. 3 In other words, combating implicit bias is rooted in a much deeper level, usually of being unaware. The Kirwan Institute's Research Agenda further proves that our biases are constantly forming and malleable. 4 The human brain builds and continues to expands its horizons through the variety of biases.5 A simple example is how children learn to categorize animals, from dogs. Similarly, studies from the University of Virginia discovers the reflection of implicit knowledge on evaluative conditioning. In evaluative conditioning, attitudes depend on concepts. 6 In the experiment, participants pair positive images with negative images by using skin color. 7 After the two days, they conclude the experiment actually decreases implicit-racial bias.8 Implicit bias is clearly influenced by the images that the human mind grasps, which introduces yet another aspect that inevitably controls society. Social media, and the trends within it, are really what sends these images. The approach for ending implicit bias, therefore, depends also on how the media is sending its advertisements and messages.
Despite the unconsciousness of our learning, studies have shown such unethical bias can be diminished through individual power. Because the social world continues to allow bias into our subconscious, individuals must understand their beliefs. Even so, the question is how can students change when schools can't? Scott Jaschik, editor and one of the founders of the Insider Ed, compiles the many cases of implicit bias in the higher education.9 While it can be astonishing, students will naturally hold certain biases because of how they feel. The student is ultimately responsible for breaking the chains of racism yet, it's the public's duty to facilitate this push. As difficult as it may sound, Theodore R. Johnson maintains an optimistic attitude to this conflict. In taking the Implicit Association Test, he explains the solution of implicit bias from the individual perspective. Through Johnson's acknowledgement of the bias and a concerted effort to modify his behavior, his bias was suppressed. 10 He writes, "By my fourth and final attempt, I exhibited no preference at all."11 As can be seen, humans are more than willing to recognize implicit biases, and most importantly correct our behaviors. He additionally states,"If each of us is willing to recognize our implicit biases and police our actions accordingly, there may be hope for the racial aspect of the American experiment after all."12 The counter of implicit bias is found solely within self control. Johnson's cognition was able to see through his actions, and just how he was able to, humans should also. In a collective society where all opinions matter, the end of implicit bias is indeed capable, and ultimately depends on the individual willingness and sincerity to change their biases.
End Notes
1. The Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race and Ethnicity, "Understanding Implicit Bias," Ohio State University, 2015, accessed November 3, 2016, http://kirwaninstitute.osu.edu/research/understanding-implicit-bias/
2. Theodore R. Johnson, "Black-on-Black Racism: The Hazards of Implicit Bias," The Atlantic, December 26, 2014, accessed November 2, 2016, http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/12/black-on-black-racism-the-hazards-of-implicit-bias/384028/
3. Mahzarin Banaji, the social-psychologist at Harvard, maintains the website Project Implicit: https://implicit.harvard.edu/implicit/, which focuses primarily on the awareness of implicit bias of individuals. Renee Montagne and David Greene, "How the Concept of Implicit Bias Came into Being," NPR: Morning Edition, October 17, 2016, accessed November 1, 2016, http://www.npr.org/2016/10/17/498219482/how-the-concept-of-implicit-bias-came-into-being
4. More implicit bias experiments and cases can be found in the following source. The Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race and Ethnicity, "Research and Strategic Initiatives," Ohio State University, 2015, accessed November 3, 2016, http://kirwaninstitute.osu.edu/researchandstrategicinitiatives/
5. The Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race and Ethnicity, "Understanding Implicit Bias."
6. Calvin K. Lai, Kelly M. Hoffman and Brian A. Nosek “Reducing Implicit Prejudice,” University of Virginia 2014, Date accessed November 1,2016, 2-5 http://people.virginia.edu/~kmh3xm/Lai%20et%20al.%20-%20Compass.pdf
7. Lai, Hoffman and Nosek, “Reducing Implicit Prejudice.”
8. Lai, Hoffman and Nosek, “Reducing Implicit Prejudice.”
9. Scott Jaschik, "Seeking Same-Race Roommates: Minority Student at Pitzer Advertised for Non-White Roommate,"Inside Higher Ed, August 15, 2016, accessed November 2, 2016, https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/08/15/pitzer-students-posting-seeking-minority-roommates-sets-broad-debate
10. Johnson, "Black-on-Black.”
11. Johnson, "Black-on-Black.”
12. Johnson, "Black-on-Black.”
Bibliography
Jaschik, Scott. “Seeking Same-Race Roommates.” Inside Higher Ed, August 15, 2016. Accessed November 2, 2016.
https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/08/15/pitzer-students-posting-seeking-minority-roommates-sets-broad-debate
Johnson, Theodore R. "Black-on-Black Racism: The Hazards of Implicit Bias." The Atlantic, December 26, 2014. Accessed November 3, 2016. http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/12/black-on-black-racism-the-hazards-of-implicit-bias/384028/
Lai K., Calvin, Hoffman M., Kelly and Brian A. Nosek. “Reducing Implicit Prejudice,” University of Virginia, 2014, Accessed November 1 ,2016, 2-5
http://people.virginia.edu/~kmh3xm/Lai%20et%20al.%20-%20Compass.pdf
Montagne, Renee and David Greene. "How the Concept of Implicit Bias Came into Being." NPR: Morning Edition, October 17, 2016. Accessed November 1, 2016. http://www.npr.org/2016/10/17/498219482/how-the-concept-of-implicit-bias-came-into-being
The Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race and Ethnicity. "Implicit," Ohio State University, 2015. Accessed November 3, 2016, http://kirwaninstitute.osu.edu/research/understanding-implicit-bias/
Draft 2
Ending the Trends of Implicit Bias
Since the dawn of time, humans have struggled with an inevitable issue, to what is now referred YOU DO NOT NEED SO MANY WORDSto as “implicit bias”. Although humans continue to intellectually expand their minds, the conflict of implicit bias is indeed a massive one. According to The Kirwan Institute's Research Agenda, the issue of implicit bias today revolves unconsciously.1 FIX SENTENCE STRUCTURE In other words, any solution involving a conscious approach is meaningless. Identically, Theodore Johnson, professor at Georgetown University’s McCourt School of Public Policy, concludes after taking the "Implicit Association Test", his bias was influenced both socially and individually.2 Nevertheless, it is an immense work in progress. While the social movement can be argued of its implicit bias, Black Lives Matter, is among the many programs that are actually challenging implicit bias. Whether the intention is pure or not, is it not the approach that matters more than anything? Although these movements may challenge implicit bias, the question is not to challenge but to end it. In a developing society, the end of implicit bias ultimately begins in a reform of our social media, and the individual sincerity that defines it.
Understanding implicit bias is crucial to finding its solution. Renee Montagne and David Greene, journalists and hosts of National Public Radio, interview Harvard University's social-psychologist Mahzarin Banaji, about her theory of implicit bias. Banaji believes the issue has been embedded in our minds in an unconscious manner. 3 In other words, combating implicit bias is rooted in a much deeper level, usually of being unaware. The Kirwan Institute's Research Agenda further proves that our biases are constantly forming and malleable. 4 The human brain builds and continues to expands its horizons through the variety of biases.5 A simple example is how children learn to categorize animals, from dogs. Similarly, studies from the University of Virginia discovers the reflection of implicit knowledge on evaluative conditioning. In evaluative conditioning, attitudes depend on concepts. 6 In the experiment, participants pair positive images with negative images by using skin color. 7 After the two days, they conclude the experiment actually decreases implicit-racial bias.8 Implicit bias is clearly influenced by the images that the human mind grasps, which introduces yet another aspect that inevitably controls society. Social media, and the trends within it, are really what sends these images. The approach for ending implicit bias, therefore, depends also on how the media is sending its advertisements and messages.
Despite the unconsciousness of our learning, studies have shown such unethical bias can be diminished through individual power. Because the social world continues to allow bias into our subconscious, individuals must understand their beliefs. Even so, the question is how can students change when schools can't? DONT NEED THIS SENTENCE Colleges and Universities seem to have no stance for students to give into implicit bias,. Scott Jaschik, editor and one of the founders of the Insider Ed, compiles the many cases of implicit bias in the higher education.9 While it can be astonishing, students will naturally hold certain biases because of how they feel. The student is ultimately responsible for breaking the chains of racism yet, it's the public's duty to facilitate this push. As difficult as it may sound, Theodore R. Johnson maintains an optimistic attitude to this conflict. In taking the Implicit Association Test, he explains the solution of implicit bias from the individual perspective. Through Johnson's acknowledgement of the bias and a concerted effort to modify his behavior, his bias was suppressed. 10 He writes, "By my fourth and final attempt, I exhibited no preference at all."11 As can be seen, humans are more than willing to recognize implicit biases, and most importantly correct our behaviors. He additionally states,"If each of us is willing to recognize our implicit biases and police our actions accordingly, there may be hope for the racial aspect of the American experiment after all."12 The counter of implicit bias is found solely within self control. Johnson's cognition was able to see through his actions, and just how he was able to, humans should also. In a collective society where all opinions matter, the end of implicit bias is indeed capable, and ultimately depends on the individual willingness and sincerity to change their biases.
End Notes
1. The Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race and Ethnicity, "Understanding Implicit Bias," Ohio State University, 2015, accessed November 3, 2016, http://kirwaninstitute.osu.edu/research/understanding-implicit-bias/
2. Theodore R. Johnson, "Black-on-Black Racism: The Hazards of Implicit Bias," The Atlantic, December 26, 2014, accessed November 2, 2016, http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/12/black-on-black-racism-the-hazards-of-implicit-bias/384028/
3. Mahzarin Banaji, the social-psychologist at Harvard, maintains the website Project Implicit: https://implicit.harvard.edu/implicit/, which focuses primarily on the awareness of implicit bias of individuals. Renee Montagne and David Greene, "How the Concept of Implicit Bias Came into Being," NPR: Morning Edition, October 17, 2016, accessed November 1, 2016, http://www.npr.org/2016/10/17/498219482/how-the-concept-of-implicit-bias-came-into-being
4. More implicit bias experiments and cases can be found in the following source. The Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race and Ethnicity, "Research and Strategic Initiatives," Ohio State University, 2015, accessed November 3, 2016, http://kirwaninstitute.osu.edu/researchandstrategicinitiatives/
5. The Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race and Ethnicity, "Understanding Implicit Bias."
6. Calvin K. Lai, Kelly M. Hoffman and Brian A. Nosek “Reducing Implicit Prejudice,” University of Virginia 2014, Date accessed November 1,2016, 2-5 http://people.virginia.edu/~kmh3xm/Lai%20et%20al.%20-%20Compass.pdf
7. Calvin K. Lai, Kelly M. Hoffman and Brian A. Nosek “Reducing Implicit Prejudice.”
8.Calvin K. Lai, Kelly M. Hoffman and Brian A. Nosek “Reducing Implicit Prejudice.”
9. Scott Jaschik, "Seeking Same-Race Roommates: Minority Student at Pitzer Advertised for Non-White Roommate,"Inside Higher Ed, August 15, 2016, accessed November 2, 2016, https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/08/15/pitzer-students-posting-seeking-minority-roommates-sets-broad-debate
10. Johnson, "Black-on-Black.”
11. Johnson, "Black-on-Black.”
12. Johnson, "Black-on-Black.”
Bibliography
Jaschik, Scott. “Seeking Same-Race Roommates.” Inside Higher Ed, August 15, 2016. Accessed November 2, 2016.
https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/08/15/pitzer-students-posting-seeking-minority-roommates-sets-broad-debate
Johnson, Theodore R. "Black-on-Black Racism: The Hazards of Implicit Bias." The Atlantic, December 26, 2014. Accessed November 3, 2016. http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/12/black-on-black-racism-the-hazards-of-implicit-bias/384028/
Lai K., Calvin, Hoffman M., Kelly and Brian A. Nosek. “Reducing Implicit Prejudice,” University of Virginia 2014, Date accessed November 1 ,2016, 2-5
http://people.virginia.edu/~kmh3xm/Lai%20et%20al.%20-%20Compass.pdf
Montagne, Renee and David Greene. "How the Concept of Implicit Bias Came into Being." NPR: Morning Edition, October 17, 2016. Accessed November 1, 2016. http://www.npr.org/2016/10/17/498219482/how-the-concept-of-implicit-bias-came-into-being
The Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race and Ethnicity. "Implicit," Ohio State University, 2015. Accessed November 3, 2016, http://kirwaninstitute.osu.edu/research/understanding-implicit-bias/
Peer Partner: Christopher Chavez
Does the essay have at least 11 superscript notations in the text of the paper? Yes
Do these superscripts correspond to the 11 Endnotes/Footneotes that appear at the end/bottom of the paper? Yes, they correspond but not enough quotes
Do these Endnotes/Footnotes correspond to the Bibliographic entries at the end of the paper? Yes
Is the numbering of the superscripts sequential (1,2,3,4,5, etc) yes
Were at least 11 citations used in the paper? Were they done correctly? Yes
Is there at least one Discussion Footnote? No
Do you understand why the Discussion Footnote information does NOT belong in the text of the paper? No, there was no discussion footnote
Were there at least 5 CREDIBLE sources cited? Were they listed correctly? Yes,yes
Was the introduction interesting? Was it effective? Was the thesis stated well? Yes very interesting, good introduction into the topic of discussion. The thesis is expressed in two sentences.
Did the essay make sense? Was it logical? Yes, it flowed and was logical
Was the essay written well? Was it interesting to read or was it boring? Yes it was written well but needed more detail in regards to the quotes.
What suggestions do you have to "kick it up a notch"? Add more detail to the quotes, try and answer what the quote means and why does it matter.
Did your partner defend, challenge or qualify this practice well enough for you to understand it? Yes
Did you partner argue a position on implicit bias well? Were you convinced by your partner's argument? Yes and yes... You need more analyzation of quotes
Was the essay written with a "voice" of a college? Yes
Was the Chicago 1 formatting done well? Yes, but needs a footnote (discussion)
Spelling errors? No
Grammatical errors? A few
Draft 1
Since the dawn of time, humans have struggled with what society calls "implicit bias". As humans intellectually expand their minds, the conflict of implicit bias has not only changed civilization, but has revolutionized the meaning of fair treatment. While pursuing a non bias society, people must need to understand from a perspective of dividend in contrast to a whole. Black Lives Matter, is one example of implicit bias. Racism in the movement contributes massively. 1 Therefore, Movements like black lives matter are a modern day attempt to stand up against implicit bias against police officers. As a result, "implicit bias" has become a targeted issue exposed in public environments like Universities. Go more in depth of what the essay is saying. Consequently, students are searching for solutions to combat racially based bias. Make stronger The solution to combating implicit bias begins with each individual, however implicit bias occurs in a subconscious level influenced by environmental factors like the media.
Understanding implicit bias is crucial to finding its solution. Today, Renee Montagne, a journalist and co-host of National Public Radio, believes the issue has been preexisting. The moment she realized our decisions are guided by forces we're not even aware of. 2 In other words,combating implicit bias is rooted in much deeper level. The question then becomes how does one reverse a set bias in the brain. The Kirwan Institute's Research Agenda further proves that our biases are inevitable, as they are a part of human learning. 3 The human brain builds and continues to expands its horizons through the variety of biases. 4 A simple example is how children learn to categorize animals, from dogs. The University of Virginia tested one these techniques known as Evaluative conditioning, Evaluative conditioning provides experience linking concepts with attributes that differ from their preexisting attitudes to retrain or create alternative attitudes. 5 For example, Olson and Fazio, briefly presented participants with positive images and words paired with Black faces, and negative images and words paired with White faces. 6 Exposure to these pairings reduced implicit racial prejudice immediately, and this change persisted at a follow-up assessment two days later.7 From this, the evidence indicates that implicit bias is affected by contextual change. Consequently, You can speak more about the evidence in the essay. in today's society the media is responsible for setting a negative trend for racial groups and genders. The media in today's society has to change in order to combat implicit bias.
Despite the unconsciousness of our learning, studies have shown such unethical bias can be diminished through individual power. Even so, the question is how can students change when schools could not? Public institutions like colleges allow for students to give into implicit bias, the will power to end this issue becomes terrible. And many colleges let new students use Facebook or roommate matching services to find a potential roommate, meaning that -- without a college asking anyone's race or ethnicity or students admitting that they care -- students may base their roommate requests in part on race.8 Obviously students will give into their prior prejudices because it is much easier to stay in a comfort zone. Colleges are just one of the many institutions to allow exclusive groups to form. The student is ultimately responsible for breaking chains of racism yet, it's the public's duty to facilitate this push. bring the purpose out. This task is not impossible, Theodore R. Johnson states his experience through combating implicit bias. In a sense, through acknowledgement of the bias and a concerted effort to modify my behavior, I suppressed the implicit bias. 9By my fourth and final attempt, I exhibited no preference at all. 10If each of us is willing to recognize our implicit biases and police our actions accordingly, there may be hope for the racial aspect of the American experiment after all.11 The Write more about what the essay serves. counter of implicit bias is found solely within self control. Johnson's cognition was able to see through his actions.
End Notes Center is wrong
1. Theodore R. Johnson, "Black-on-Black Racism: The Hazards of Implicit Bias. How the
Politics of Respectability Twists Society," The Atlantic, December 26, 2014, accessed
November 2, 2016, http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/12/black-on-black-racism-the-hazards-of-implicit-bias/384028/
2. Renee Montagne and David Greene, "How the Concept of Implicit Bias Came into Being," NPR: Morning Edition, October 17, 2016, accessed November 1, 2016, http://www.npr.org/2016/10/17/498219482/how-the-concept-of-implicit-bias-came-into-being
3. Kirwan Institute: Research and Strategic Initiatives,“Implicit Bias,” Kirwan Institute: Research and Strategic Initiatives, 2016,
Accessed November 2,2016, http://kirwaninstitute.osu.edu/researchandstrategicinitiatives/
4. “Implicit Bias,” Kirwan Institute: Research and Strategic Initiatives, 2016, Accessed November 2,2016,
http://kirwaninstitute.osu.edu/researchandstrategicinitiatives/
5. Calvin K. Lai, Kelly M. Hoffman and Brian A. Nosek “Reducing Implicit Prejudice,” University of Virginia 2014, Date accessed November 1 ,2016, 2-5 http://people.virginia.edu/~kmh3xm/Lai%20et%20al.%20-%20Compass.pdf
6. Calvin K. Lai, Kelly M. Hoffman and Brian A. Nosek “Reducing Implicit Prejudice
7. Calvin K. Lai, Kelly M. Hoffman and Brian A. Nosek
8. Scott Jaschik, "Seeking Same-Race Roommates: Minority Student at Pitzer Advertised for Non-White Roommate,"Inside Higher Ed, August 15, 2016, accessed November 2, 2016, https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/08/15/pitzer-students-posting-seeking-minority-roommates-sets-broad-debate
9. Johnson, "Black-on-Black”
10. Johnson, "Black-on-Black."
11. Johnson, "Black-on-Black."
Bibliography FIX CITATIONS
Calvin K. Lai, Kelly M. Hoffman and Brian A. Nosek “Reducing Implicit Prejudice,” University of Virginia 2014, Date accessed November 1 ,2016, 2-5
http://people.virginia.edu/~kmh3xm/Lai%20et%20al.%20-%20Compass.pdf
Jaschik, Scott. "Seeking Same-Race Roommates: Minority Student at Pitzer Advertised for Non-White Roommate." Inside Higher Ed, August 15, 2016. Accessed November 2, 2016. https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/08/15/pitzer-students-posting-seeking-minority-roommates-sets-broad-debate
Johnson, Theodore R. "Black-on-Black Racism: The Hazards of Implicit Bias. How the Politics of Respectability Twists Society."
The Atlantic, December 26, 2014. Accessed November 2, 2016. http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/12/black-on-black-racism-the-hazards-of-implicit-bias/384028/
Kirwan Institute. Research and Strategic Initiatives, “Implicit Bias,”, 2016, Accessed November 2,2016,
http://kirwaninstitute.osu.edu/researchandstrategicinitiatives/
Montagne, Renee, and David Greene. "How the Concept of Implicit Bias Came into Being." NPR: Morning Edition,
October 17, 2016. Accessed November 1, 2016. http://www.npr.org/2016/10/17/498219482/how-the-concept-of-implicit-bias-came-into-being