Fides et Ratio
INTRODUCTION: KNOW YOURSELF
INTRODUCTION: KNOW YOURSELF
- Man's questions [1]
- The Church accompanies man in seeking answers [2]
- Philosophy, one of the instruments in this search; connatural to man [3]
- Philosophy starts when man wonders, seeks universal principles [4]
- The Church sees Philosophy as an indispensable instrument; but it should seek Truth [5]
- Church reaffirms need to reflect upon Truth [6]
I. THE REVELATION OF GOD'S WISDOM
I. THE REVELATION OF GOD'S WISDOM
Jesus, Revealer of the Father
Jesus, Revealer of the Father
- The Church bears the message from God (Deposit of Faith) [7]
- There is a knowledge proper to Faith surpassing human reason [8]
- Truth of Philosophy and Truth of Revelation neither identical nor mutually exclusive [9]
- Christ reveals the Father [10]
- Revelation carried out in time [11]
- God becomes flesh and joins man [12]
Reason in the Face of the Mystery
Reason in the Face of the Mystery
- Still, Revelation is a mystery and therefore requires the obedience of Faith [13]
- Revelation stimulates the human mind [14]
- The theme of both Philosophy and Theology: the ultimate end of human existence [15]
II. CREDO UT INTELLEGAM--BELIEVING IN ORDER TO UNDERSTAND
II. CREDO UT INTELLEGAM--BELIEVING IN ORDER TO UNDERSTAND
"Wisdom Knows All and Understands All" (Wis 9:11)
"Wisdom Knows All and Understands All" (Wis 9:11)
- Sacred Scripture shows intimate relation between Faith and reason [16]
- No reason for competition of any kind between reason and Faith [17]
- Three rules: a never-ending journey; the need for humility; grounded in fear of God [18]
- God reveals himself in nature [19]
- Reason, with Faith in the background [20]
"Acquire Wisdom, Acquire Understanding" (Prov 4:5)
"Acquire Wisdom, Acquire Understanding" (Prov 4:5)
- In the Old Testament: people search for what is Beautiful, Good and True [21]
- St Paul in the Epistle to the Romans confirms the possibility of knowing God with reason [22]
- Epistle to the Corinthians: the Cross can make or break the link between Faith and Philosophy [23]
III. INTELLEGO UT CREDAM--UNDERSTANDING IN ORDER TO BELIEVE
III. INTELLEGO UT CREDAM--UNDERSTANDING IN ORDER TO BELIEVE
Journeying in Search of Truth
Journeying in Search of Truth
- Acts of the Apostles: men have a natural nostalgia for God [24]
- Every human being desires to know [25]
- Beginning with the meaning of life and of death [26]
- This applies to every man and woman of all places and times [27]
The Different Faces of Human Truth
The Different Faces of Human Truth
- Results of this search; attitudes vis-a-vis Truth [28]
- The question implies the hope of an answer [29]
- The three levels or modes of Truth [30]
- Man lives by belief [31]
- Examples of belief [32]
- Man seeks an ulterior Truth, an Absolute Truth, assisted by the Christian faith [33]
- There can be no contradiction between Faith and Philosophy [34]
- Exploring the relationship between Philosophy and Faith [35]
IV. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FAITH AND REASON
IV. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FAITH AND REASON
Important Moments in the Encounter of Faith and Reason
Important Moments in the Encounter of Faith and Reason
- From the beginnings of the Church [36]
- Gnosticism--Philosophy for a few [37]
- Priority of proclaiming the Faith in the early Church [38]
- Critical adoption of Philosophy [39]
- The first great synthesis of Philosophy and Theology by St Augustine [40]
- The Fathers purified and elevated Philosophy [41]
- St Anselm and Scholastic Theology [42]
The Enduring Originality of the Thought of St Thomas Aquinas
The Enduring Originality of the Thought of St Thomas Aquinas
- St Thomas highlighted the harmony between Faith and reason [43]
- St Thomas spoke of the wisdom from the Holy Spirit, theological wisdom, and philosophical wisdom [44]
The Drama of the Separation of Faith and Reason
The Drama of the Separation of Faith and Reason
- The gradual separation of reason from Faith [45]
- Idealism; atheistic humanism; positivism; rationalism; nihilism [46]
- Abandonment of the search for Truth and turning towards subjective certainty or towards utility [47]
- Some good insights have arisen with the bad, but it is important to recover the unity between Faith and Philosophy [48]
V. THE MAGISTERIUM'S INTERVENTIONS IN PHILOSOPHICAL MATTERS
V. THE MAGISTERIUM'S INTERVENTIONS IN PHILOSOPHICAL MATTERS
The Magisterium's Discernments as Diakonia of the Truth
The Magisterium's Discernments as Diakonia of the Truth
- Philosophy has its own autonomy; reason is open to truth, including revealed Truth [49]
- The Magisterium examines elements which are consistent with the Truth [50]
- Church intervenes to stimulate philosophical enquiry lest it stray from the path to the Truth [51]
- The Church has spoken out in times past [52]
- Vatican Council I showed both the unity and the distinction between Faith and reason [53]
- Pope St Pius X, Pope Pius XII, and recently the Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of Faith [54]
- Present dangers: distrust of reason in Philosophy; rationalism in Theology; fideism and "biblicism" [55]
- Encouragement to trust in human reason and to bring it beyond isolation [56]
The Church's Interest in Philosophy
The Church's Interest in Philosophy
- Pope Leo XIIIs Aeterni Patris [57]
- Positive results of the papal encouragement to study St Thomas [58]
- Developments in Catholic philosophy other than Thomism [59]
- Vatican Council II [60]
- Factors contributing to the decline of the study of Thomism and Philosophy in general [61]
- Study of Philosophy is fundamental and indispensable for theological studies and formation of candidates for priesthood [62]
- Stating principles in criteria to restore harmony [63]
VI. THE INTERACTION BETWEEN PHILOSOPHY AND THEOLOGY
VI. THE INTERACTION BETWEEN PHILOSOPHY AND THEOLOGY
The Knowledge of Faith and the Demands of Philosophical Reason
The Knowledge of Faith and the Demands of Philosophical Reason
- Human being by nature is a philosopher; Theology must relate to this fact [64]
- Philosophy prepares for a correct auditus fidei [65]
- Philosophy helps us for a correct intellectus fidei [66]
- The task of Fundamental Theology [67]
- Moral Theology also needs the contribution of Philosophy [68]
- The use of the particular sciences should not lead to the rejection of Philosophy [69]
- Unification from different cultures made possible by the Faith [70]
- Cultures and Revelation [71]
- The cultures of the East [72]
- The Word of God--starting point--and understanding of the Word [73]
- Proven by great Christian theologians who were also great philosophers [74]
Different Stances of Philosophy
Different Stances of Philosophy
- Philosophy independent of Revelation [75]
- Christian Philosophy--meaning, objective and subjective aspects [76]
- Ancilla Theologiae--Handmaid of Theology [77]
- Magisterium's insistence on St Thomas [78]
- The last part: what the Word of God requires of reason [79]
VII. CURRENT REQUIREMENTS AND TASKS
VII. CURRENT REQUIREMENTS AND TASKS
The Indispensable Requirements of the Word of God
The Indispensable Requirements of the Word of God
- Sacred Scripture and the Incarnate Word of God bring Philosophy to its limits [80]
- The "crisis of meaning" [81]
- Hence an objective, not relativist, Philosophy is needed [82]
- Need for a metaphysical, transcendent Philosophy [83]
- Metaphysics even more important in hermeneutics and analysis of language [84]
- Towards a unified and organic vision of knowledge [85]
- Eclecticisn [86]
- Historicism [87]
- Scientism [88]
- Pragmatism [89]
- Nihilism [90]
- "Postmodernity" [91]
Current Tasks for Theology
Current Tasks for Theology
- Two-fold task of Theology: renewing specific methods and looking to ultimate Truth [92]
- The chief purpose of Theology [93]
- Relationship between meaning and truth [94]
- Truth not confined to time and culture [95]
- Enduring validity of conceptual language in Conciliar definitions [96]
- Turning back to the Philosophy of Being [97]
- Truth is also of importance in Moral Theology [98]
- Proclamation of Faith and catechesis [99]
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
- Revisiting the issue of Faith and Philosophy [100]
- Recovering the relationship [101]
- Leading people to discover capacity to know the truth and their yearning for the ultimate and definitive meaning of life [102]
- Philosophy and the new evangelization [103]
- Philosophy as common ground and starting point for dialogue with non-believers [104]
- Encouraging theologians to pay attention to philosophical implications of the Word of God; philosophical preparation of candidates for the priesthood [105]
- Appeal to philosophers and scientists [106]
- Looking more deeply at man [107]
- Holy Mary, Seat of Wisdom [108]
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