INTRODUCTION: KNOW YOURSELF
- Man's questions [1]
- The Church accompanies man in seeking answers [2]
- Philosophy, one of the instruments in this search; connatural to man [3]
- Philosophy starts when man wonders, seeks universal principles [4]
- The Church sees Philosophy as an indispensable instrument; but it should seek Truth [5]
- Church reaffirms need to reflect upon Truth [6]
I. THE REVELATION OF GOD'S WISDOM
Jesus, Revealer of the Father
- The Church bears the message from God (Deposit of Faith) [7]
- There is a knowledge proper to Faith surpassing human reason [8]
- Truth of Philosophy and Truth of Revelation neither identical nor mutually exclusive [9]
- Christ reveals the Father [10]
- Revelation carried out in time [11]
- God becomes flesh and joins man [12]
Reason in the Face of the Mystery
- Still, Revelation is a mystery and therefore requires the obedience of Faith [13]
- Revelation stimulates the human mind [14]
- The theme of both Philosophy and Theology: the ultimate end of human existence [15]
II. CREDO UT INTELLEGAM--BELIEVING IN ORDER TO UNDERSTAND
"Wisdom Knows All and Understands All" (Wis 9:11)
- Sacred Scripture shows intimate relation between Faith and reason [16]
- No reason for competition of any kind between reason and Faith [17]
- Three rules: a never-ending journey; the need for humility; grounded in fear of God [18]
- God reveals himself in nature [19]
- Reason, with Faith in the background [20]
"Acquire Wisdom, Acquire Understanding" (Prov 4:5)
- In the Old Testament: people search for what is Beautiful, Good and True [21]
- St Paul in the Epistle to the Romans confirms the possibility of knowing God with reason [22]
- Epistle to the Corinthians: the Cross can make or break the link between Faith and Philosophy [23]
III. INTELLEGO UT CREDAM--UNDERSTANDING IN ORDER TO BELIEVE
Journeying in Search of Truth
- Acts of the Apostles: men have a natural nostalgia for God [24]
- Every human being desires to know [25]
- Beginning with the meaning of life and of death [26]
- This applies to every man and woman of all places and times [27]
The Different Faces of Human Truth
- Results of this search; attitudes vis-a-vis Truth [28]
- The question implies the hope of an answer [29]
- The three levels or modes of Truth [30]
- Man lives by belief [31]
- Examples of belief [32]
- Man seeks an ulterior Truth, an Absolute Truth, assisted by the Christian faith [33]
- There can be no contradiction between Faith and Philosophy [34]
- Exploring the relationship between Philosophy and Faith [35]
IV. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FAITH AND REASON
Important Moments in the Encounter of Faith and Reason
- From the beginnings of the Church [36]
- Gnosticism--Philosophy for a few [37]
- Priority of proclaiming the Faith in the early Church [38]
- Critical adoption of Philosophy [39]
- The first great synthesis of Philosophy and Theology by St Augustine [40]
- The Fathers purified and elevated Philosophy [41]
- St Anselm and Scholastic Theology [42]
The Enduring Originality of the Thought of St Thomas Aquinas
- St Thomas highlighted the harmony between Faith and reason [43]
- St Thomas spoke of the wisdom from the Holy Spirit, theological wisdom, and philosophical wisdom [44]
The Drama of the Separation of Faith and Reason
- The gradual separation of reason from Faith [45]
- Idealism; atheistic humanism; positivism; rationalism; nihilism [46]
- Abandonment of the search for Truth and turning towards subjective certainty or towards utility [47]
- Some good insights have arisen with the bad, but it is important to recover the unity between Faith and Philosophy [48]
V. THE MAGISTERIUM'S INTERVENTIONS IN PHILOSOPHICAL MATTERS
The Magisterium's Discernments as Diakonia of the Truth
- Philosophy has its own autonomy; reason is open to truth, including revealed Truth [49]
- The Magisterium examines elements which are consistent with the Truth [50]
- Church intervenes to stimulate philosophical enquiry lest it stray from the path to the Truth [51]
- The Church has spoken out in times past [52]
- Vatican Council I showed both the unity and the distinction between Faith and reason [53]
- Pope St Pius X, Pope Pius XII, and recently the Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of Faith [54]
- Present dangers: distrust of reason in Philosophy; rationalism in Theology; fideism and "biblicism" [55]
- Encouragement to trust in human reason and to bring it beyond isolation [56]
The Church's Interest in Philosophy
- Pope Leo XIIIs Aeterni Patris [57]
- Positive results of the papal encouragement to study St Thomas [58]
- Developments in Catholic philosophy other than Thomism [59]
- Vatican Council II [60]
- Factors contributing to the decline of the study of Thomism and Philosophy in general [61]
- Study of Philosophy is fundamental and indispensable for theological studies and formation of candidates for priesthood [62]
- Stating principles in criteria to restore harmony [63]
VI. THE INTERACTION BETWEEN PHILOSOPHY AND THEOLOGY
The Knowledge of Faith and the Demands of Philosophical Reason
- Human being by nature is a philosopher; Theology must relate to this fact [64]
- Philosophy prepares for a correct auditus fidei [65]
- Philosophy helps us for a correct intellectus fidei [66]
- The task of Fundamental Theology [67]
- Moral Theology also needs the contribution of Philosophy [68]
- The use of the particular sciences should not lead to the rejection of Philosophy [69]
- Unification from different cultures made possible by the Faith [70]
- Cultures and Revelation [71]
- The cultures of the East [72]
- The Word of God--starting point--and understanding of the Word [73]
- Proven by great Christian theologians who were also great philosophers [74]
Different Stances of Philosophy
- Philosophy independent of Revelation [75]
- Christian Philosophy--meaning, objective and subjective aspects [76]
- Ancilla Theologiae--Handmaid of Theology [77]
- Magisterium's insistence on St Thomas [78]
- The last part: what the Word of God requires of reason [79]
VII. CURRENT REQUIREMENTS AND TASKS
The Indispensable Requirements of the Word of God
- Sacred Scripture and the Incarnate Word of God bring Philosophy to its limits [80]
- The "crisis of meaning" [81]
- Hence an objective, not relativist, Philosophy is needed [82]
- Need for a metaphysical, transcendent Philosophy [83]
- Metaphysics even more important in hermeneutics and analysis of language [84]
- Towards a unified and organic vision of knowledge [85]
- Eclecticisn [86]
- Historicism [87]
- Scientism [88]
- Pragmatism [89]
- Nihilism [90]
- "Postmodernity" [91]
Current Tasks for Theology
- Two-fold task of Theology: renewing specific methods and looking to ultimate Truth [92]
- The chief purpose of Theology [93]
- Relationship between meaning and truth [94]
- Truth not confined to time and culture [95]
- Enduring validity of conceptual language in Conciliar definitions [96]
- Turning back to the Philosophy of Being [97]
- Truth is also of importance in Moral Theology [98]
- Proclamation of Faith and catechesis [99]
- Revisiting the issue of Faith and Philosophy [100]
- Recovering the relationship [101]
- Leading people to discover capacity to know the truth and their yearning for the ultimate and definitive meaning of life [102]
- Philosophy and the new evangelization [103]
- Philosophy as common ground and starting point for dialogue with non-believers [104]
- Encouraging theologians to pay attention to philosophical implications of the Word of God; philosophical preparation of candidates for the priesthood [105]
- Appeal to philosophers and scientists [106]
- Looking more deeply at man [107]
- Holy Mary, Seat of Wisdom [108]
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