Guilt and Responsibility

Hermann Goering was sentenced to death by hanging. However, he managed to evade the sentence by committing suicide in his cell. Guilty on all four counts.

Rudolf Hess was found guilty on 1st and 2nd account. Not guilty of 3rd and 4th counts. sentenced to life imprisonment. He served over 40 years of that sentence at Spandau Prison and committed suicide in 1987 at age 93.

Julius Streicher was found guilty on the 4th count and was sentenced to death by hanging.

Baldur von Schirach was found guilty on the 4th count and was sentenced to 20 years imprisonment. He served the entire term in Spandau Prison and died in 1974.

Alfons Heck was unable to believe that the atrocities perpetrated by the Nazi regime had actually taken place. Despite the difficulty of traveling within occupied Germany, he made his way to Nuremberg to witness what he could of the trials of former Nazi officers and officials. He later emigrated, first to Canada, working in several British Columbia saw mills, then to the U.S. where, living in San Diego, he became a Greyhound long-distance bus driver.

During the 1950s and 1960s, Alfons Heck remained silent about his wartime activities and his involvement in the Hitler Youth, but he read hundreds of books about the Third Reich, tracing the lives of surviving Nazi leaders and maintaining an interest in West German politics. He came to feel that his generation of young Germans had been callously betrayed by brutal Nazi strategists. Of the nine and a half million German war dead, two million were teenagers, both civilians and Hitler Youth. In 1971, at age 43, he became disabled by heart disease. Without a productive future and increasingly frustrated by his contemporaries’ failure to speak out, Heck began attending writing classes so that he might record what it was like to be a pawn of Nazi militarism.

There is also a book about Alfons Heck and Helen Waterford called Parallel Journeys by Eleanor Ayer.

Oskar Gröning

After being temporarily held in a former concentration camp he was transferred to England in 1946, working as a forced labourer. He returned to Germany to lead a relatively normal life, preferring not to discuss his association with Auschwitz. However, he decided to make it public after learning about Holocaust denial, and has since openly criticised those who deny the events that he witnessed, and the ideology he once subscribed to.

Albert Battel

A German Wehrmacht army lieutenant and lawyer was recognized for his resistance during World War II to the Nazi plans for the 1942 liquidation of the Przemyśl Jewish ghetto. He was posthumously recognized as Righteous Among the Nations in 1981.

Kurt Prüfer

In the final year of the war, Kurt Prüfer was detained by the Americans for a few weeks before being released. At that time he was arrested by the Soviets, interrogated, and then sent to a Gulag where he would stay until his death in 1952.

Franz Stangl

He was arrested in Brazil in 1967, extradited and tried in West Germany for the mass murder of 900,000people, and in 1970 was found guilty and sentenced to the maximum penalty, life imprisonment. He died of failure six months later .

Julius Schmahling was well-remembered by French people after the war. In 1966, the mayor of Le Puy (capital of Haute-Loire) and other city officials sent him a letter thanking him for his compassion and all he had done "within the limits of the freedom that you were granted" (p. 70).

Adolf Eichmann

After World War II, he fled to Argentina using a fraudulently obtained laissez-passer issued by the International Red Cross.[4][5] He lived in Argentina under a false identity, working a succession of different jobs until 1960. He was captured by Mossad operatives in Argentina and taken to Israel to face trial in an Israeli court on 15 criminal charges, including crimes against humanity and war crimes. He was found guilty and executed by hanging in 1962. He is the only person to have been executed in Israel on conviction by a civilian court.

Otto Ohlendorf was sentenced to death and hanged at the Landsberg Prison in Bavaria shortly after midnight on 8 June 1951.