This is where I document the changes I made to Kubuntu to fine tune it as I like it.
Interesting add-ons/software
Browser: bitwarden adblockplus Easy Youtube Video Downloader Express
KDE:
- System monitor dashboard
- Event calendar = clock + weather + timer + calendar (can be synchronized with google calendar)
= afsprakenboek in NL versie
https://github.com/Zren/plasma-applet-eventcalendar/issues/177
Postinstall Software: enable aur first in Manjaro pamac
pamac install ark arj audacity balena-etcher brscan4 brother-mfc-9970cdw cattqt cpio chromium clonezilla cpupower-gui cups-pdf filelight fx_cast-bin gparted gscan2pdf gwenview kompare imagemagick imagewriter kate kdiff3 kmahjongg krename krusader ksnip kmahjongg kompare kshisen lhasa libpamac-snap-plugin libpamac-flatpak-plugin musescore partclone plasma5-applets-eventcalendar putty pysolfc qbittorrent rosegarden simple-scan simplescreenrecorder spideroak-one sweethome3d tesseract tesseract-data-eng tesseract-data-nld tesseract-data-osd unace unarj unpaper unrar unzip ventoy vlc wireshark-qt wol yakuake youtube-dl zip
Howto use the serial port
Make the serial port available for a user:
- Check to what group the serial port belongs: ls -l /dev/ttyUSB*
- Add the user to that group: sudo usermod -a -G dialout marc
- reboot or logout and login
See what serial port to use: sudo dmesg | grep tty
Fix backlight settings
In the file /etc/default/grub change
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=“acpi_osi=Linux acpi_backlight=vendor”
to
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=“acpi_osi=Linux acpi_backlight=0”
Set a static IP address with nmcli
nmcli con show to list all network connections
nmcli con show 'Your Connection Name' to list the current properties of that connection
--> nmcli con show 'HassOS default'
nmcli con edit "Your Connection Name" to enter edit mode for that connection
--> nmcli con edit 'HassOS default'
To add your static IP address (select ‘yes’ for manual method);
nmcli> set ipv4.addresses 192.168.1.4/24
Do you also want to set 'ipv4.method' to 'manual'? [yes]:yes
nmcli> set ipv4.dns 1.1.1.1
nmcli> set ipv4.gateway 192.168.1.1
nmcli> save
nmcli> quit
Switch off IPv6
in /etc/sysctl.conf add following lines at the end
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 = 1
Switch on networking from command line
https://askubuntu.com/questions/461825/how-to-connect-to-wifi-from-the-command-line
Search box in synaptic
sudo apt-get install apt-xapian-index
sudo update-apt-xapian-index -vf
If that doesn't work you can try:
sudo apt-get install --reinstall synaptic sudo dpkg-reconfigure synaptic
Create startup USB disk
Use Balena etcher
or sudo dd if=/path/to/download.iso of=/dev/sdX bs=16M
sudo sync #to empty file buffers
Fix different time in windows and linux https://www.howtogeek.com/323390/how-to-fix-windows-and-linux-showing-different-times-when-dual-booting/ timedatectl set-local-rtc 1 --adjust-system-clock
Start a second X sessionlog into a new session using CTRL-ALT-F1 to F6 as the user for which you want to start an additional X session
Type startx -- :1
Remove virtual keyboard at login screen
In /etc/sddm.conf add following text
[General]
InputMethod=
Save, reboot, problem solved.
ADD REPOSITORIES
In the middle of the page there are instructions to add repositories.
http://ubuntuguide.org/wiki/Ubuntu:Intrepid#Manual_Method_for_Adding_Repositories
Remove the last line (Playonlinux), it does not work.
Add mediabuntu repo: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Medibuntu
Repositories ar in /etc/apt/sources.list you can edit the file with sudo nano or sudo kate /etc/apt/sources.list
My current 11.04 sources.list is attachedat the vottom of this page this page
Change boot order in grub
Change GRUB DEFAULT in /etc/default/grub to the line number you want your PC to start from
For example, on my work PC I wanted Windows to start by default, so I set it to 5
# If you change this file, run 'update-grub' afterwards to update
# /boot/grub/grub.cfg.
# For full documentation of the options in this file, see:
# info -f grub -n 'Simple configuration'
GRUB_DEFAULT=4
Change how to boot to different runlevel in grub
In Systemd, we speak of boot targets instead of runlevels.
┌─────────┬───────────────────┐ │Runlevel │ Target │ ├─────────┼───────────────────┤ │0 │ poweroff.target │ ├─────────┼───────────────────┤ │1 │ rescue.target │ ├─────────┼───────────────────┤ │2, 3, 4 │ multi-user.target │ ├─────────┼───────────────────┤ │5 │ graphical.target │ ├─────────┼───────────────────┤ │6 │ reboot.target │ └─────────┴───────────────────┘
You can edit the grub parameters by pressing e while in the boot menu, and replace the quit command by
systemd.unit=multi-user.target
and press F10
This will boot you once into the desired target, it is not permanent.
To add this to the grub menu:
- copy the first grub menu entry from /boot/grub/grub.cnf into the file /etc/grub.d/40_custom
- replace the quit command by systemd.unit=multi-user.target (or rescue target)
- change the menuentry title
and run sudo update-grub
Hide the grub boot menu
see http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1287602
make a copy of both grub and 30_os prober files !!! when something goes wrong, you can put the original files back
I did this to temporarily hide that I had linux running as a dual boot on my laptop.
In /etc/default/grub
GRUB_DEFAULT=4 #set this value to the OS you want to boot
GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0
GRUB_TIMEOUT=0
in /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober,
there is a piece of code that sets grub timeout to 10s if it is set to zero, it prevents hiding the grub menu.
set timeout_style=menu
if [ "\${timeout}" = 0 ]; then
set timeout=10 # I changed this from 10 to 0
After these changes, run sudo update-grub to generate the new grub boot sequence.
NUMLOCK ON IN LOGIN SCREEN
Install numlockx #"""
for KDE sudo kate /etc/kde4/kdm/Xsetup and add the line /usr/bin/X11/numlockx on
for GNOME sudo gedit /etc/gdm/Init/Default and add the line /usr/bin/X11/numlockx on
Enable ctrl-alt-backspace for X restart
- setxkbmap -option terminate:ctrl_alt_bksp
- Add it to ~/.xinitrc in order to make the change permanent.
Shutdown directly from KDE
- sudo visudo
- add marc ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: /sbin/shutdown -h now, /sbin/reboot
at the end of the file
This give the user marc the right to use the commands sudo shutdown -h now
and sudo reboot without sudo password
- CTRL-X to close the file and Y to save
- right click on the K menu and select menu editor
- Add new item, command = sudo shutdown -h now and select an icon
Enable hibernate
You need a swap partition that is at least the size of your RAM memory, check it with free -h
create a swap partition with gparted and right click the swap partition/info to see the UUID
In /etc/fstab add a line to make your swap permanent
UUID=41e86209-3802-424b-9a9d-d7683142dab7 none swap sw 0 0
reboot and check with free -h if swap has been created correctly
Making the swap partition work for hibernate (optional)
Pull up a Terminal again and run cat /proc/swaps and hopefully you see the path to your swap partition listed there. If not chances are something went wrong in the steps above. Here's my output:
Filename Type Size Used Priority /dev/sda2 partition 2676732 73380 -1
gksu gedit /etc/default/grub & to pull up the boot loader configuration
Look for the line GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="" and make sure it looks like this (using your UUID of course) GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="resume=UUID=41e86209-3802-424b-9a9d-d7683142dab7" and save the file
sudo update-grub and wait for it to finish
gksu gedit /etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/resume & and make sure its contents are resume=UUID=41e86209-3802-424b-9a9d-d7683142dab7 (with your UUID of course in place of mine). Save the file!
sudo update-initramfs -u
Reboot!
Now you should be able to hibernate and resume!
Older method: you still need the swap partition
http://www.howtogeek.com/113923/how-to-re-enable-hibernate-in-ubuntu-12.04/
- test if hibernation works via following command sudo pm-hibernate
- enable hibernation by creating a policikit rule
sudo kate /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/com.ubuntu.enable-hibernate.pkla
and past this in the file
[Enable Hibernate]
Identity=unix-user:*
Action=org.freedesktop.upower.hibernate
ResultActive=yes
[Re-enable hibernate by default in upower]
Identity=unix-user:*
Action=org.freedesktop.upower.hibernate
ResultActive=yes
[Re-enable hibernate by default in logind]
Identity=unix-user:*
Action=org.freedesktop.login1.hibernate
ResultActive=yes
Shutdown by a normal user
Set the s bit to allow non root users to execute a command that is normally only accessible to root
sudo chmod a+s /sbin/shutdown
SET BOOT DISKCHECK FREQUENCY OF fsck TO 100 FOR A PARTITION
sudo tune2fs -c 100 /dev/sda2 (= /home )
sudo tune2fs -c 100 /dev/sda1 (= / )
sudo tune2fs -c 100 /dev/sda4 (= /data )
PORT INSTALLED PACKAGES TO ANOTHER PC
- Make a list of installed packages
dpkg --get-selections | grep -v deinstall > installedpackages
- Copy this file and /etc/apt/sources.list to the new PC and execute following commands:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
sudo dpkg -–set-selections < installedpackages
sudo apt-get dselect-upgrade
INSTALL "nonfree" PACKAGES
These packages make it possible to play all kinds of media formats (mp3, mp4, dvd, java, ...)
- Kubuntu restricted extras
- mozilla-mplayer
- non-free codecs
Optimise linux for SSD drives
You can either configure Linux to handle TRIM automatically or you can run the TRIM command manually.
I highly recommend setting this up to be automated. Here's how you do it:
Open a terminal window
Issue the command (you'll need root access or sudo): cp /etc/fstab ~/fstab
Open /etc/fstab for editing in your favorite editor (such as nano)
Add the “discard” option (no quotes) to the SSD drive entry (example below)
Save the file
UUID=00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000 / ext4 discard,errors=remount-ro 0 1
How do I use UUID to update /etc/fstab file
- To display disk UUIDs, use sudo blkid
- To display available disks/partitions, use parted
- To add a disk in /etc/fstab, use sudo kate /etc/fstab
and use following syntax and see man fstab for more info
UUID={YOUR-UID} {/path/to/mount/point} {file-system-type} defaults,errors=remount-ro 0 1
Example UUID=7ff5e2fc-aea9-4eb4-85fd-d7dd7eb1ca62 /1500M ext3 defaults 0 2
Make applications start automatically when you login
- Go to /home/.kde/autostart
- Click on the K-menu button, bottom left on the screen
- Drag application into the autostart folder
- Choose the Link Here option
Make a DHCP request when dynamic IP@ is used
dhcpcd eth0 (works in arch)
dhcpcd -k eth0 releases the IP@
Add a static IP@ to an ethernet interface
In Kubuntu:
In /etc/network/interfaces
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
address 127.0.0.1
netmask 255.0.0.0
iface wlan0 inet static
address 10.10.10.10
netmask 255.255.255.0
iface eth2 inet dhcp
auto eth2
iface eth2:0 inet static
address 10.0.0.1
netmask 255.255.0.0
auto eth2:0
Restart the network service: # /etc/init.d/networking restart
In Windows:
http://www.networkworld.com/columnists/2004/110104gearhead.html
Regedit
look under the root key "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE" for the subkey:
\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\
Under these subkeys you'll find all of the NICs in your PC listed by their COM Class Identifiers otherwise known as Globally Unique Identifiers (GUID). For example: {A8BF419B-8185-4396-B87A-2B6345BBC8E3}
Be careful to correctly identify which NIC the entry refers to - you'll find multiple GUIDs listed under each NIC in the registry.
When you've got the right one, you need to find the key "IPAddress" and double click on it. In the Edit Multi-String dialog that appears, enter in the Value Data field each of the static IP addresses you want to assign to the NIC, one value per line. Note that the first value - for no reason we can fathom - must be "0.0.0.0".
Now find the "SubnetMask" key and edit it exactly the same way you did the "IPAddress" key, again making sure the first value is "0.0.0.0".
Exit regedit and reboot windows
Boot from .iso files
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2/ISOBoot
Samba Drive mapping
Ik heb eens nagekeken wat er bij mij van samba gerelateerde software geinstalleerd is:
cifs-utils, smbclient, libsmbclient, libwbclient0, samba, samba-common, samba-common-bin, winbind
De workgroup naam op je nas moet hetzelfde zijn als de workgroup naam in /etc/samba/smb.conf op je linux PC.
# Change this to the workgroup/NT-domain name your Samba server will part of
workgroup = WORKGROUP
sudo mkdir /mijn-nas
Hiermee maak je een directory aan op de plaats waar je de nas in je systeem wil hebben
sudo mount -t cifs -o username=marc,password=marc //192.168.0.101/homes/marc /mijn-nas
Hiermee mount je de nas in de directory die je met het vorige commando aangemaakt hebt
- mount -t cifs -o is het commando om de drive te mounten, cifs is een nieuwere versie van het samba protocol.
als het niet werkt moet je via je packet mgr samba, smbclient en cifs-utils installeren.
- username=xxxx,password=xxxx is de login waarmee je inlogt op je nas
- //192.168.0.101/homes/marc is het netwerkpad waar de bestanden op je nas zitten
- /mijn-nas is de plaats waar je de nas bestanden wil zien op je pc
Als je de nas wil mounten telkens je opstart moet je volgende lijn in het configuratiebestand /etc/fstab toevoegen
//192.168.0.101/homes/marc /mijn-nas cifs credentials=/etc/cifsmarc,iocharset=utf8,file_mode=0777,dir_mode=0777 0 0
Je moet dan ook een bestandje aanmaken waar je nas login gegevens staan
Vb /etc/cifsmarc
met onderstaande inhoud
username=xxxxxxx
password=xxxxxxx
Oude Ubuntu methode
sudo apt-get install samba
Contents of smb.conf
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[global]
## Browsing/Identification ###
# Change this to the workgroup/NT-domain name your Samba server will part of
workgroup = WORKGROUP
# server string is the equivalent of the NT Description field
server string = %h server (Samba, Ubuntu)
[printers]
comment = All Printers
browseable = no
path = /var/spool/samba
printable = yes
create mask = 0700
# Windows clients look for this share name as a source of downloadable
# printer drivers
[print$]
comment = Printer Drivers
path = /var/lib/samba/printers
[HP_OfficeJet_5610]
printable = Yes
printer name = HP_OfficeJet_5610
guest ok = yes
use client driver = yes
path = /var/spool/samba
printing = cups
[DATA]
path = /data/Data
guest ok = yes
[SHARED]
path = /data/Shared
guest ok = yes
read only = no
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Don't forget to set the sticky bit in the properties of your shared folders, otherwise you won't be able to access files that were put there from your linux machine, because the have the properties from the user who put them there ???
I may be wronh here
smbpasswd nobody (empty passwd, just push enter)
In windows, map network drive as other user (nobody)
PRINTING: install the cups printer driver on windows machines
If you want to enable colour printing from Windows edit this file before installing:
cups-windows-6.0i386cups6.ppd
as follows:
Replace the lines:
*ColorDevice: False
*DefaultColorSpace: Gray
with
*ColorDevice: True
*DefaultColorSpace: CMYK
If you have already installed the driver edit the CUPS6.PPD file under the C:WINDOWS directory the same way, delete and reinstall the printer.
You should see:
Color: Yes
In the Features box in the printer properties
see also http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=202605