A preliminary glossary of rigging terms (including sails and spars) in the manuscript of Michael of Rhodes
Alan H. Hartley, 2008 (lightly revised 2021)
The headword is the term in the manuscript. It is followed by the “standard” Italian form, the definition(s) and comment(s), and the folio number.
achoredar corredare fit out, rig 135b
ago ago 'needle' pin (of a block)? 146b
allize some sort of tackle; cf. aniza? 144a
amaistrar ammaestrare instruct, teach 164b
amo some sort of tackle 143b
angura part of a cholzexe (la sso raxion..dal’angura de cholzexe) 173a
aniza tackle 4½-5 paces long (for side-rudder?); cf. nize in F76v, and allize? 143b, 181b
antena antenna yard, consisting of two spars scarfed and lashed together; cf. penon and stello. 142b, 165b, Z46r
antenal 1. the (length of the) luff of a lateen sail (the edge secured to the yard). 2. the head of a square sail, i.e. the edge secured to the yard. 3. the head-rope of a square sail (bolt-rope in the head of a sail). Cf. arlenga, gratil. 163a; 175a; 175b
antenela small yard for the midships mast 161b
anzolo parrel tackle? (but cf. anzolo de brio in F91v, and Greek ángelon tu príu in Delatte 504) 143b
apontar appuntare set in position, make ready 146a
árgano árgano capstan. The length (3½ paces) that Michael gives for the argano seems too great for a capstan, but perhaps the other evidence (including Michael's illustration on 146b) suggests that a capstan was used, rather than a windlass. Cf. sguindazo, and arganel in Building Glossary. Perhaps it should read longo pie 3½ instead. 146a
arlenga ralinga 1. leech, either of the 2 sides of a square sail. 2. leech-rope (bolt-rope in the leech of a sail). 3. leech-lining. Cf. antenal, gratil. 175a, 175b, 176b, 177a
artimon artimone 'mainsail' largest lateen sail (for fair weather) 155a
baroxa a sail-making term, probably 'head-earing', an extension of each end of the head-rope of a square sail (cf. antenal) by which the sail is secured to the yard; cf. modern Greek (a)moróza 175b
baston bastone (measuring-)stick, used in sail-making 127b
batal bátalo (var. of bátolo)? part of a lateen sail (perhaps the portion nearest the leech, the after part of the sail being thought to resemble the border of a monk's hood): la binda del batal sia churta per ogni passa 5 pie 1 de zò che lo filo tuto fusse longuo; cf. batul in F20v. • lit. 'cowl, hood, broad band of cloth'? 127b
bigotta part of a parrel (deadeye for tightening the chuolo?) 166b, 171b, F90r
binda binda 'reef-band' (in sail-making) a vertical reinforcing strip of canvas laid over a seam between sail-cloths 176a
bogial imboglio 'parcelling, wrapping' (naut.) woolding, a circumferential lashing that unites the 2 spars of the yard or reinforces a mast; also boial. Cf. inboiadura de antenna peze 2 de pass 50 luna de lbr. 3 el passo in quarto. ▪ In una tortiza vechia per imbochar larboro et aneli de anchore de lbr. 8 el passo, in F93r (inboiar in F94v), the word has the additional meaning 'to pudding (wrap the anchor-ring tightly with rope to protect the cable from chafing)'. • cf. Greek abuyiáro 'to woold, pudding' (Delatte 503), and Italian invoglio and Venetian imbogio (Boerio) 'wrapping, covering' 180b
boial imboglio = bogial. 182a
bolgara part of the parrel (parrel-rib?); cf. bulgari 5 (per mast) in F90r, and bourgaris in a list of blocks of 14c. French galleys (Bréard 53) 166b, 171b
bonetta bonnet (of a sail); cf. bunetta 178a
brager 171a
bragotto bragotto pendant; cf. bravotto 171a
brancha branca bowline-bridle 171b
branchadella brancarella 'cringle' a piece of rope made fast to the leech of a square sail to which one of the legs of the bowline-bridle was attached (a function now served by cringles, a loop of rope worked into the edge of a sail). • diminutive of brancha 171b
brando a block used with a ship's boat 172b
bravotto = bragotto 171a
braza braccia 1. pendant; cf. choronela. 2. brace (of yard): Braza d'antena..Farate braza 2, un per ladi. 154a, 181a; 172a
brazo, [pl.] braza braccio ell, a length-measure for cloth, = 2½ pie (127a, 175a). • lit. 'arm(-length)' 129a, 168a
brazolar ell-stick for measuring cloth; see brazo. Cf. Ven. brazzolèr 'passetto' in Boerio. 129a
brio = briol 172a
briol (im)broglio 'clew-line, bunt-line' middle sheet, a tackle attached to the center of the foot-rope of a square sail. ▪ Spanish briol and briolin and similar Port., Cat., Greek & Turk. terms refer to buntlines, which lead up to the masthead from the foot of the sail. • ult. from French braiel (cf. English brail) 172b, 175b,177a, 177b, Z13v
briolin small middle sheet, attached to the center of the foot of the upper bonnet. ▪ a 16th-century Greek document (Delatte 504) specifies a briólin for the bunéta. • diminutive of briol 172a, Z13v
bunetta bonetta = bonetta 177b
burina bolina bowline. • a northern European loanword. 177a
chadernal = quarnal (three times the mast height = 37 paces; 4-part tackle; 1½ lbs per pace; its pendant 4 paces, 5 lbs per pace) 166a, 166b, 177a
chagnola some sort of tackle, of 30-36 paces 144a, 154b
chalar calare lower; cf. isar, sguindar. 114b
chánavo cánapa 'hemp'; cánapo 'hemp rope' 1. hemp, for rope-making (see fior de chanavo, refudo). 2. hemp cable, probably for the anchor; cf. tortiza. ▪ The Flanders galley in F62v has 5 canevi, each 70 paces long & weighing 490 lbs, which implies a rope diameter of about 2½ inches. 181b; 143b
chanevazo canovaccio canvas. ▪ chanevaza castellana is specified in F76v. • canvas is cloth made from chánavo. 127b
charuzo carrucola 'sheave' vang-tackle-block? (taie 4 de suste e de charuzi ognoli intanpagnadi) 166b, 181a, 182a
chasa cassa ?? • lit. 'box, chest' 146a
chatavo a particular type of tackle-block, double, triple or quadruple 167b, 173b
chaval part of the gear for stowing wool sacks (chavalli 6 per la trava. I freni d'i ditti se tuol d'i chinalli) 146a
chaval di bocha a beam used in stowing wool sacks, 12 feet long, with two freni. Note that it is approx. the length of a petural. 146a
chavalchar cavalcare to overlap, e.g., the two pieces of a yard 142b, 180b
chavo capo rope. See also Building Glossary. 141b, 177b
chazuda caduta drop, the height of a square sail (somewhat greater in the leeches than in the middle) 127b, 175a
chinal quinale one of a series of shroud-tackles abaft the senal-shrouds, consisting of a mast-pendant with a tackle attached to its lower end. 144a, 146a
chinal matto a type of shroud-tackle?, consisting of one single and one1 double block; cf. matto 173b
chochina cocchina storm-sail (small, rectangular) 155a
cholona colonna 'column; drop of a sail' column, doubled canvas cloth substituting for the fustian cloths in a sail at regular intervals 176b
cholzéxe calcése block-mast (JP93), a separate spar scarfed to the top of the mast and containing two sheaves in holes, on which the yard-tyes run. (There is also a cholzexe at the end of the trava used in loading wool sacks.) 142b, 146a, 170a
chondugi, -dulli duglia, doppio painters, lengths of old rope by which an anchor is slung from the gunwale of the ship—one around the anchor-arms, and one through the anchor-ring—in such a way that the anchor lies nearly horizontal against the side: Vuol chondugi 2 per le mare. Vuol chondugi 2 per anelli, and cf. sartia vechia per chodete de le taglie [block-tails] et chonduli de le anchore et servizuoli [small stuff?] et miseli [stoppers?] in F93r. (N.B. If this interpretation is correct, the referents of chondulli on 145a are not pictured.) ▪ Both painters can be seen in 145b and 156a, in which the anchor-ring is aft and the flukes forward. Painters are shown clearly on two ships in Carpaccio's painting Arrivo dei pellegrini a Colonia, c1490, in which the ring is forward and the flukes aft, as is common in pictures from the 13th to 15th centuries. • lit. 'doubled (rope)', from con- 'with' + a northern Italian word meaning 'fake (a turn of coiled rope)'; cf. Italian duglia, Venetian duchia (Boerio), Genoese duggia. Greek had borrowed the word from Venetian by the 16th century: kundúlia tis siđéron (Delatte 503). 144b, 145a
chontra burina contraborina perhaps martnet (a crow-footed leech-line) located at about the same place on the leech as is the bowline but worked from the after side of the sail rather than the forward 172b
chonzorlanda read chon zorlanda (cf. cum zorlanda in F12v); see zorlanda. 146b
chórchoma coil (of rope) 146a
chorela probably a mistake for choronela (la braza de questi [chadernalli] over la chorela) 166b
chornella = choronela 170a
choronela coronella pendant; cf. chorela, chornella 170b
chostiére costiére lateen shrouds (costiere in Boerio) 146a
chosir cucire sew (cuser in Boerio) 177a
choxidura cucitura seizing (small-diameter rope); cf. chusidura, chosir, and choxadure per medolo de le vele et gordili in F94r. 146a
chuolo collo 'one turn of a rope' parrel rope? 171b
chusidura cucitura 'sewing' lashing (of two parts of yard at the scarf); cf. choxidura. 143b
denti denti reinforcing pieces of canvas cloth along the head and foot of a sail. 175a
dopio doppio doubling, overlap (of yard's 2 spars) 171a
dodesena, dodexena dozzina, dodicina dozen 180b
driza drizza ?? ▪ modern meaning 'halyard' 146b
fassio fascio bundle (of cargo?) 146a
ferso, [pl.] fersa ferzo, ferso sail-cloth, one of the vertical pieces of fustian or canvas making up a sail 127a
fia(de) fia(ta) times (in multiplication) 170a
fil(o) leech (after edge) of lateen sail 127b
filo filo yarn (of rope) 182a
fior de chanavo fiore 'flower; choice part' prime hemp (bon chanevo in F76v); cf. refudo 181b
fonda = funda 166b
forfixe forfice, forbice Part of the equipment of a windlass, probably the pawl bitts—wooden posts with a top cross-piece—standing next to the windlass barrel and firmly braced on the deck. They prevented backward motion of the windlass. (See illus. in GC 143.) • cf. Italian forfice, an obsolete variant of forbice 'nipper, grabber; sheet-bitts (which were also 2 stout wooden posts with cross-piece)'. ▪ Forbice and variants were also used for the wooden arches supporting the awning at the stern of a galley. 175a
fraschun, frascon frascone forwardmost shroud-tackle, consisting of a mast-pendant (choronela) and a runner-and-tackle combination (manto and menal) 167a
fren freno a restraining-tackle of some sort. • orig. 'bearing-rein', a short, fixed rein that passes from the bit to the saddle, intended to keep the horse's head up and its neck arched (cf. Eng. refrain); fig. a check or restraint upon movements. Cf. frin. 146a
fren de timon restraining-tackle for rudder? 154b
frin de chaval di bocha a loading-tackle of some sort, 9 paces long, 2½ lbs per pace. Cf. fren. 146a
funda fonda 'sling'? a tackle attached to the yard 143b
fustagno fustagno fustian (coarse cloth of cotton and flax used in sails) 176b
gomena gomena 'anchor-cable' hawser (listed among the rigging); probably halyard-fall (BB88 p. 234) 143b, 154a, 167b
gordil cordino 'small rope; brail' a small sail-rope; cf. choxadure per medolo de le vele et gordili in F94r. • cf. Fr./Prov./Cat. go(u)rdin 'brail; whip; roband', Sp. g(u)ardin 'tiller-rope; lanyard; et al.' 166b, 172b
gratil, gratel gratíle 'bolt-rope' 1. foot (of square sail); so French gratiou. 2. foot-rope (bolt-rope in foot of sail). Cf. antenal, arlenga. 175b, 177b
grípia gríppia buoy-rope (for anchor); cf. arganel. ▪ the Flanders galley in F62v has five, each 70 paces long and weighing 3 lbs. per pace, implying a diameter of about 1½ inches. • perhaps a Greek loanword 182a
gula gola throat, neck 182a
inchina inchina (obsol.) to, up to, as far as 137a
ingalezar ingalleggiare? to scarf together two spars to make a yard. • to make "float" in the air? 180b
insir ‘uscire’ (Boerio) 127b
intanpagnado (of a sheave) fitted with a bush. • from tampagno 'bush', a Greek loanword. 166b
isar issare hoist; cf. chalar 114b
lama lama overlap (?) of the 2 parts of a yard at the scarf 165b
largeza larghezza breadth, width 127b
largo largo wide; width
latin, -a latino lateen(-rigged)
lavorar lavorare (of a tackle) to have a specified number of parts to its fall; cf. quarta, quinto, terzo. • lit. 'to work'. 166b, 171b
legname legname parrel (lit. 'wood') 171b
libra libbra pound (weight measure). The libra grosa, used in shipbuilding and rigging, was approx. equal to 1.05 English lbs, or 480 g. The libra sotil, used for luxury goods, was 0.63 libra grosa, approx. 0.66 Eng. lbs, or 300 g. (Lane 245) 127b, 163a, 181b
lieva a tackle for raising a quarter-rudder 154b
ligar legare to lash 170a
maistra da volzer mast-tackle? (cf. Eng. winding-tackle); cf. taya maistra 144a
mantichio (a)mantiglio 'lift' yard-lift. • diminutive of manto; both lift and tie served to support the yard. 144a
mantiletti stops (small ties)? (on sails) 179b
mantixello (a)manticello 'reef-tackle' some sort of tackle used in loading wool. ▪ 8 paces, 1½ lbs. per pace. 146a
manto amante 1. runner (such as is used with a shroud tackle). 2. halyard of square-rigged yard (either of two ropes, twice as long as the height of the mast, that are attached to the yard by a rixa, and lead up through one of the sheaves in the cholzexe and down to the windlass on deck abaft the mast). 3. tie of lateen yard (either of two ropes, as long as the mast is high, that are hauled on by a halyard?) 143b, 163a, 167a, 182a
manto da reparar some sort of loading-tackle; see trava. ▪ 20 paces of rope weighing 8 lbs. per pace. 146a
manto de stiva some sort of loading-tackle; see trava. ▪ 50 paces of rope weighing 10 lbs. per pace. 146a
marafun matafione roband, one of the ties by which a sail is secured to its yard (see illus. of sails on 163b); 9 oz. per pace (F95v) 177b
matta mattone, montone a tackle used to haul the lower end of the yard aft to the mast when changing tack; cf. chinal matto. So French mouton (cf. orzamata in F74v) 143b, 154a, 163a
maxinetta macchinetta? 'small machine' a type of single block 172b
menador tackle-fall; or shroud-lanyard? (BB88:226) ; cf. menal 143b
menal tackle-fall 172a
menaor = menador 144a
menemar menomare become smaller 176a
meollo midolla some sort of small cordage (meter el meollo de stupazo per armar la to vella); also meulo. Cf. choxadure per medolo de le vele in F94r. 128a
messitaria some sort of rope for a galley's boat, perhaps for towing it (cf. messetaria, weighing 3 lbs. and 4 oz. per pace, in F77r). • probably a Greek loanword, lit. 'that which extends between' (from mesitéuo 'lie between' + instrumental noun suffix -aria; cf. messeto 'mediator, broker') 144b
meulo = meollo (meter meulo e marafuny e stropi e..far le sache dele arlenge e dele schotte) 177b
mezana mezzana lateen sail of the midships mast? (Vella de papaficho e mezana) 144b
meza volta mezza volta 'half-hitch' turn (a single loop of rope around an object) ▪ written by Michael ½ volta 171a
minisielli parrel-trucks; cf. nuliseli [sic] 25 (per mast) in F90v. 171b
mitáde metá half 173a
montanyana some sort of tackle 144a
morganal some sort of tackle, probably attached to the lower end of the stello 166b, 167b
musiell sennit, a flexible, braided cordage used for robands, lashings, stoppers, etc. (mussielli per retenir i sachi); cf. muziol 146b
muzioll morsello, earlier muscello part of the equipment of a windlass, probably a rope stopper used to hold a cable or halyard temporarily while it is being taken off the windlass and belayed; cf. musiell 175a
nombolo strand (of rope). • From Greek émbolon 166b, 181b
ognolo 1. single. 2. whole. Also ugnolo. 166b; 178a, 179a
onza oncia ounce (one twelfth of a libra which, in the case of the libra grosa, would be approx. 1 English ounce, or 25 g.) 166a, 170b
orza orza lateen tack-tackle, a tackle attached to the lower end of the lateen yard and leading forward, used to trim the sail to different points of sailing 143b
orza davanti = orza (BB95) 143b
orza popa tackle attached to the lower end of the lateen yard and leading aft 143b
orza poza = orza popa? (BB95) 143b
palmo palmo span, measure = one seventh of a passo, or approx. 0.8 pie, 24 cm, or 9½ inches) 202b
palomera hawser, mooring-rope (in the Flanders galley, 40 paces, 4 lbs. per pace); cf. prodixe and quarto (per) 144a, 192a
pano sail-cloth (a terzo pano; a tuto pano) 127b
papaficho pappafico a small lateen sail 144b
passo, pl. passa passo pace, measure = 5 pie = 7 palmi, about 1.75m., Z16r 180b
pastecha pastecca snatch-block (easily opened to admit a rope) 172b
pedocha pie(de) d'oca goosefoot (V-shaped cloth reinforcement sewn onto a sail where various ropes are attached) 177a
penon, penun pennone 1. upper spar of a lateen yard (cf. stello). 2. one of 2 spars making up a square-rigged yard. 142b; 170a
peritulo, peritullo probably the flag-staff raking strongly forward from the bow (lo chapetagno..farà meter el penon al peritullo da proda); see illus. 145b. 144b, 177a
perzenta percinta (in sail-making) a horizontal reinforcing band of sail-cloth. • lit. 'belt, girdle' (cf. zenta in Building Glossary) 175b, 177a
pessetto pescetto (in sail-making) broad-seam, a wider overlap in the seams at the ends of a sail-cloth in order to give three-dimensional shape (fullness or belly) to the sail; cf. pescio in Crescentio 41. • lit. 'little fish' 127b
petural pettorale pewtrell, a temporary thwartships bulkhead of oak planks used in the compression-stowage of sacks of wool. ▪ The master is apparently to stow a certain number of sacks (11-15) behind each of 8 peturalli (four forward and four aft) of given lengths (10-14½ feet, shorter at the ends of the hull, longer toward the center) before compressing them (and additional sacks?) with whatever force seemed safe (e de forze zo che te pare); too much pressure could damage the ship. See sacho, trava. • lit. 'breast-harness; breast-plate; parapet'. In 15c. Southampton, it was the pewtrell (Ruddock 142). 146a, 146b
pexar pesare weigh 181b
peza pezza piece of sail-cloth, 25 ells long 127b
pie pie(de) foot, measure = 16 dedi or one fifth of a passa; approx. 0.34 m. or 1.1 English feet, Lane 245) 180b
pizollo picciolo small 180b
polixe puleggia pulley, sheave (or block) 146b
ponte "bridge", part of the gear for stowage of wool: le ponte per le latte e per dabasso, 'the bridges for the deck-beams and for below (on the floor of the hold)' 146b
ponto punto = punto 127b
popexe poppese = pupexe 173a
poza poggia sheet (of a lateen sail); cf. schotta 143b
pozal 1. a tackle (twice the length of the poza). 2. the clew (lower, after part of a lateen sail), reinforced with canvas 127b; 182a
pozastrello = orza popa? (cf. poza); (BB95) 144a
prexa presa 'hold' a mooring-rope 174a
prexullina a (smaller) mooring-rope 174a
prodeno a tackle used as a masting-tackle (for stepping and unstepping the mast), for hoisting heavy loads, as a preventer-shroud, and as a careening-tackle • a Greek loanword 143b, 167a
prodíxe prodése shorefast (mooring-rope; in the Flanders galley, 80 paces, 5 lbs. per pace) ▪ this was orig.—and perhaps in Michael's time still most often—a headfast, i.e., a mooring-rope used at the bow; cf. palomera and quarto (per) • a Greek loanword? 143b, 174a, 192a
punta punta ?? 146b
punto punto (in sailmaking) one of the divisions marked on a measuring-pole, used by the sail-maker to control the angle at which the ends of the sail-cloths of a lateen sail are cut 128a
pupexe poppese aftermost shroud-tackle 166a
quadernal = quarnal 171b
qarnal = quarnal 166a
quarnal 1. shroud-tackle. 2. slab-line, a sort of bunt-line. 3. loading-tackle. (Also spelled chadernal, qarnal, quadernal) 144a, 154a, 175b, 177a
quarta, in (of a tackle) four-part; cf. lavorar 166b
quarterun, -ron (in sail-making) drabler? (a sail added to the bottom of a bonnet; BB88 p. 125) 179a
quarto, per "by quarters (or fours?)" (a method of mooring in which two ropes, usually anchor cables, were laid out astern, and two headfasts taken ashore); cf. palomera and prodixe 192a
quinto, in (of a tackle) five-part; cf. lavorar 167a
raglio sheave, pulley (de 2 ragli '[of a block] double, having two sheaves') 166b, 170a, 172a
raxion, raxon ragione method, technique, rules, proportion 181b
refudo rifiuto second-quality hemp (see fior de chanavo) 174a
reparar riparare to reset, put in order again; see manto da reparar 146a
respetto, per rispetto (as a) spare 146a
rixa rizza 'lashing' 1. yard-sling (cf. le tue rixe de questi manti voleno esser tanto longe quanto volze 5 fiade el dopio de lantenna in F90r) 2. lashing? (for the taia maistra) 171a, 180b; 144a, 154b
rizada de la stella cf. rizzata 'lashed'? a tackle 8 paces long and 2½ lbs. per pace, part of loading-gear 146a
rizada del fassio a tackle 9 paces long and 1½ lbs. per pace, part of loading-gear 146a
roman rimanere remains 127b
sacha perhaps a cringle, a loop on the edge or corner of a sail to which a rope is attached (sache dele arlenge e dele schotte) 177b
sachetta sacchetta 'sail-gasket' rope of some sort used in the loading of wool, each 2⅔ paces long, 2½ lbs. per pace: sachette 6 per tirar le tuole; see tuola. 146a
sacho sacco sack (for cargo). ▪ a sack of wool weighed 364 English pounds, and Michael lists gear for stowing at least 109 sacks (about 18 long tons total, assuming they are English sacks) aboard the Flanders galley. The sacks were filled by English wool-packers and weighed at the "wool-beam" before being loaded. See petural. 146b, 194a
sartia sartie rigging, esp. shrouds (but including mooring ropes and anchor cables; cf. sartie da acqua et da arboro in F76v) (1305, from LGk, De Mauro) 181b
schayon scaglione measuring-scale (in sail-making); cf. schagion in Z45r 127b
schalin scalino rung (of rope-ladder) 173b
schalla scala ladder, rope-ladder (of a mast) 166b,173b
schalletta scaletta small rope-ladder(?) belonging to the yards of the nave quadra 172a, 173b
schotta scotta sheet (of a square sail); cf. poza. • a northern loanword 172a, 177b
scotina scottina 'topgallant sheet' clew-line (so in modern Greek) • lit. 'small sheet' 171b
senal senale one of a series of shroud-tackles ahead of the chinal-shrouds, consisting of a mast-pendant with a tackle attached to its lower end. 171a
serzena cersina (obsol.) bolt-rope; cf. zerzena. ▪ The bolt-rope in the 20-pace square sail in 127b is 80 paces long and weighs 180 lbs: hemp rope of 2¼ lbs per pace has a diameter of about 1¼ inches, which is reasonable for bolt-rope. 127b
sguindar sghindare lower, strike; cf. chalar. 116a
sguindazo sghindazzo windlass of the cog, its barrel 8 feet long and 3 feet in diameter (el sguindazo..vol eser longo tanti mezi pie quanti passa l’alboro è longo dala choverta in suxo. E vuol volzer el so redondo tanto quanto è longo el quarto plui); cf. argano (cf. gindazo in F90r, Z56r) 171a, 175a
signal = senal 170b
smenoir sminuire decrease 127b
sorda some sort of tackle; also surda 163a
sosta sosta = susta 163a
sovra sopra above 181a
spago spago twine, string 175b
staz(i)a flag-staff (at stern) 114a
stazio staggio stay (of square-rigged mast), probably a double rope 171a
stella stela part of a loading gear. ▪ used in F87r for the timber from which oars are made. 146a
stello stelo 'stem, shaft' the lower, forward, heavier spar of a lateen yard; cf. penon. 165b, 181a
stincho buntline? (or leech-line, or other tackle for furling) 171b
stiva stiva stowage, loading 146b
stivar stivare to load, stow, pack cargo efficiently in the hold 146a
stropello stroppolo small strop? (for the boards used in loading wool sacks) 146a
stropo stroppo strop (of rope) 175b
stupazo stoppaccio small stuff (hemp twine); from stoppa 'oakum' 128a
surda = sorda 172a
susta vang 143b
taya taglia (pulley-)block 166b
taya dopia double block (two sheaves) ; see trava 146a
taya maistra mast-tackle block; cf. maistra da volzer 154b
taya ugnola single block (one sheave) ; see trava 146a
tayar tagliare cut (esp. sail-cloth) 127a
terzo, in (of a tackle) three-part; cf. lavorar 167b
tienteben tientibene 'hand-rope on stairs' a sort of rope or tackle 172a
tortiza torticcio anchor-cable; cf. chanavo, turtiza. 174a
trava trave trave, a beam 5 paces long, 3 ft. in diameter, having a cholzexe at one end. ▪ (speculative) The falls of the manto de stiva are led through the two large sheaves of the cholzexe and one large double block (taya dopia) on either side of the petural. That tackle, powered by the argano, forces the flat bearing-surface at the other end of the trava against the petural to compress wool sacks in the galley's hold. (The manto da reparar may be the tackle used, with a single tackle (taya ugnola), to drag back the trave out of the way of the next petural.) See illus. on 146b. • lit. 'beam'. It is called trave by 15c. Southampton carpenters (Ruddock 142). 146a
trezaruol terzaruola middle-sized lateen sail 155a
trio treo a square sail 175a
trivo trevo = trio 178a
tuola, tuolla tavola board (120 used in loading wool sacks); see petural. 146a
turtiza torticcio = tortiza 174a
ugnolo single. Also ognolo. 146a
vanante ?? (part of loading equipment, 3 feet long) 146a
vela vela sail 127b
vella tunda square sail (lit. 'round sail'); (cf. vela quara in F101r) 127b
ventame the upper, after, lighter spar of a lateen yard; cf. penon 165b
volzer volgere measure (so much) around 202b
zentener a hundred (of something, e.g., paces, pounds) 168a, 174a
zerzena = serzena 177b
zorlanda ghirlanda ??: sachi 11, un chon zorlanda. ▪ Cf. Venetian zirlanda, obsolete variant of girlanda 'garland' in Boerio. Italian ghirlanda 'garland' has also (e.g., 1715 in Venice in Jal s.v.) the nautical meanings of 'puddening', a wrapping of old rope around the anchor-ring to protect the cable from chafing, and 'breast-hook', a horizontal knee reinforcing the bow, neither of which seems appropriate here. 146b
Notes
The "standard Italian" terms are etymologically related to the Venetian ones but are not necessarily synonymous with them. Acute accent indicates stress.
Simple folio numbers are for examples from MoR, other citations as follows:
BB88: Bellabarba MM 74 [1988]
BB95: Bellabarba MM 81 [1995]
Boerio: Dizionario del Dialetto Veneziano, 1856
Bréard: Le Compte du Clos des Galées de Rouen 1382-1384, 1893
Crescentio: Nautica Mediterranea, 1602
Delatte: L'Armement d'une Caravelle Grecque du XVIe Siècle in Miscellanea Giovanni Mercati, vol. 3, 1946
F: Fabrica de Galere (transcribed by L. Carbonell Relat, Ph.D. diss., 1992)
GC: Gay & Ciano Ships of Christopher Columbus, 1996
Jal: Glossaire Nautique, 1848-50
Lane: Venetian Ships, 1934
MM: Mariner's Mirror (journal)
Ruddock: Bull. Inst. Hist. Research 19 [1942-3]
Z: Zorzi da Modone Note c1445 (transcribed by L. Carbonell Relat, Ph.D. diss., 1992)