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Syed Moiz Balkhi

Syed Moiz Balkhi (Hindustani: سید معز بلخی (Nastaleeq), सैयद मोइज़ बलख़ी (Devanagari)) is a Pakistani American entrepreneur known for his founding of OptinMonster,[1] as well as his work with WPBeginner, a WordPress resource.[2][3][4] Other WordPress software Balkhi invented include WPForms and MonsterInsights, which along with WPBeginner and OptinMonster, power "over 4 million websites".[5] In April 2016, Syed Balkhi acquired Yoast's Google Analytics plugins, which have been downloaded over 21 million times.[6] In January 2020, Balkhi acquired Michael Torbert's All in One SEO Pack plugin, which has been downloaded over 65 million times.[7] Syed Moiz Balkhi emigrated to the United States from Pakistan along with his family when he was a child.[8] After taking a placement test, he skipped a grade and started high school at the age of twelve.[8] At this age, Balkhi was very active in the Florida Cricket League, an interest he temporarily put on hold to "pursue a career in marketing."[9] As a junior in high school, Balkhi started mastering WordPress and then hired a team to construct websites for clients.[10] When he saw that his customers struggled with using WordPress, in 2009, he launched WPBeginner, a tutorial website.[10] Due to the fact that the website was accessible to the public, he was invited to speak at several WordCamp conferences.[10] List25 is another endeavor Balkhi is the brainchild of and its YouTube channel has clocked more than 550 million views.[11][9] Balkhi eventually also returned to the sport of cricket, becoming instrumental in helping to spread it in the United States through his marketing skills.[9] He is a board member of the Cricket Council USA.[9] His efforts in this area led him to be inducted in the Cricket Hall of Fame in America.[9] Syed Moiz Balkhi has raised over $75,000 for Pencils of Promise, which were used to construct three schools in Guatemala.[12] In addition, in 2017, Balkhi raised funds for the construction of a school in Dob Krorsang Village through the Cambodian Village Fund.[12]

Style (TV series)

Style (Korean: 스타일; RR: Seutail) is a 2009 South Korean television series starring Kim Hye-soo, Lee Ji-ah, Ryu Si-won, and Lee Yong-woo.

It aired on SBS from August 1 to September 20, 2009 on Saturdays and Sundays at 21:45 for 16 episodes.

Based on the popular 2008 chick lit novel of the same title by former fashion reporter Baek Young-ok,[1][2] Style depicts the inner workings of a fictional fashion magazine.[3][4][5][6][7] Park Ki-ja (Kim Hye-soo) is the perfectionist editor at Style magazine.

She's extremely confident, stubborn, and self-centered, but also has a killer fashion sense.

In her youth, Ki-ja dreamed of studying at Parsons The New School for Design in New York City, but her hopes were crushed after the Korean economic crisis led her father to commit suicide.

Soon after her father's death, Ki-ja's mother moved to Canada, but Ki-ja stayed behind in Korea.

At the time she couldn't leave her boyfriend Seo Woo-jin (Ryu Si-won) behind, who was studying to become a doctor.

But Woo-jin eventually dropped out of medical school and moved to New York to become a chef.

Since that time, Ki-ja has worked her way up from a lowly assistant to a highly respected editor.

Meanwhile, Woo-jin has become a macrobiotic chef and eventually returned to Korea to open a restaurant.

His restaurant named Mackerel became a success, especially with the ladies.

Woo-jin himself is a ladies man, having good looks and exemplary culinary talents.

He then meets Ki-ja again, as well as her assistant Lee Seo-jung (Lee Ji-ah).

Lee Seo-jung has worked as Ki-ja's assistant for over a year, even though she has come close to having a nervous breakdown because of her demanding boss.

Seo-jung initially hoped to become a writer, but because of her financial situation took a part-time job at Style magazine.

When Seo-jung meets Woo-jin, she becomes enamored with him.

She knows that Woo-jin is Ki-ja's ex-boyfriend, but she can't control her feelings for him.

Lastly, Kim Min-joon (Lee Yong-woo) is a photographer at Style magazine.

He follows Ki-ja around like a lost puppy dog due to his overwhelming feelings for her.

Because of Ki-ja, Min-joon has stayed at Style magazine even when better offers came calling.

When Min-joon notices the attention that Woo-jin receives from both Ki-ja and Seo-jung, he feels jealousy.

Tsurune

Tsurune[2] (ツルネ -風舞高校弓道部-, Tsurune: Kazemai Kōkō Kyūdō-bu, lit.

Tsurune: Kazemai High School's Kyūdō Club), is a Japanese light novel series written by Kotoko Ayano, with illustrations by Chinatsu Morimoto.

The first novel won a Special Judge Award in the Kyoto Animation Award competition in 2016, and Kyoto Animation later published it in December of that year.

An anime television series adaptation, produced by Kyoto Animation, premiered from October 22, 2018 to January 21, 2019.

Minato Narumiya used to be in his middle school's kyūdō club until a certain incident in his last tournament caused him to resolve to quit archery for good.

When he attends high school, his childhood friends Seiya Takehaya and Ryōhei Yamanouchi try to rope him into joining the high school's kyūdō club again, but he refuses.

However, an encounter with a mysterious man at an archery range in a forest inspires Minato to take up archery once more.

Minato joins the Kazemai High School Kyūdō Club and along with his old friends and new teammates, Nanao Kisaragi and Kaito Onogi, they aim for winning the prefectural tournament.

An anime television series adaptation was originally scheduled to premiere on October 15, but due to organizational issues, the series premiered from October 22, 2018 to January 21, 2019 on NHK.[8][9][a] The series was produced by Kyoto Animation and was directed by Takuya Yamamura, with Michiko Yokote handling the series' scripts, and Miku Kadowaki designing the characters.

Harumi Fūki composed the series' music.[1] The opening theme song is "Naru" by Luck Life,[10] and the ending theme is "Orange-iro" (オレンジ色) by ChouCho.[11] The series is simulcast by Crunchyroll.[12] Sentai Filmworks has acquired the series for distribution in North America, Australasia, South America, and other territories.[13] An unaired 14th episode was screened at an event on March 3, 2019 and released with the first Blu-ray/DVD on May 1, 2019, with Crunchyroll releasing the May 1 release in English.[14]

Canonical link element

A Canonical link element is an HTML element that helps webmasters prevent duplicate content issues in search engine optimization by specifying the "canonical" or "preferred" version of a web page.

It is described in RFC 6596, which went live in April 2012.[1][2] A major problem for search engines is to determine the original source for documents that are available on multiple URLs.

Content duplication can happen in many ways, including:[3] Duplicate content issues occur when the same content is accessible from multiple URLs.[4] For example, http://www.example.com/page.html would be considered by search engines to be an entirely different page from http://www.example.com/page.html?parameter=1, even though both URLs may reference the same content.[5] Another example is essentially the same (tabular) content, but sorted differently in various categories.

Canonical tags can also be useful to solve www and non-www duplicate content—where two URLs, identical except that one begins with "www" and the other does not point to the same page.

This particular problem can be solved by proper use of the canonical tag.[6][7] In February 2009, Google, Yahoo and Microsoft announced support for the Canonical link element, which can be inserted into the <head> section of a web page, to allow webmasters to prevent these issues.[8] The Canonical link element helps webmasters make clear to the search engines which page should be credited as the original.

Search engines try to utilize canonical link definitions as an output filter for their search results.

If multiple URLs contain the same content in the result set, the canonical link URL definitions will likely be incorporated to determine the original source of the content.

″For example, when Google finds identical content instances, it decides to show one of them.

Its choice of the resource to display in the search results will depend upon the search query.″[9][citation needed] According to Google, the Canonical link element is not considered to be a directive, but rather a hint that the ranking algorithm will "honor strongly."[1][10] While the Canonical link element has its benefits, Matt Cutts, then the head of Google's webspam team, has said that the search engine prefers the use of 301 redirects.

Cutts said the preference for redirects is because Google's spiders can choose to ignore a Canonical link element if they deem it more beneficial to do so.[11] The Canonical link element can be either used in the HTML <head /> or sent with the HTTP header of a document.

For non HTML documents, the HTTP header is an alternate way to set a canonical URL.[3][12] By the HTML 5 standard, the <link rel="canonical" href="http://example.com/"> HTML element must be within the <head /> section of the document.[13] Below you can see an example of HTML code that utilises the rel=canonical inside the <head> tags.

The code could be used on a page such as https://example.com/page.php?parameter=1to tell search engines that the https://example.com/page.php is the preferred version of the webpage.

Search marketing

Search marketing is the process of acquiring traffic or customers via search engines such as Google, Bing, Yahoo and others.

Search marketing generally involves two disciplines: SEO (search engine optimization) and SEM (search engine marketing).[1][2] Originally called “search engine marketing,” the shorter phrase “Search marketing” is now often used as the umbrella term over SEO and SEM.

The longer phrase "search engine marketing" — or SEM — is now typically used to describe paid search activities.[3]

List of The Return of Superman episodes

The following is a list of episodes of South Korean reality-variety show The Return of Superman, which was used to be part of a segment of Happy Sunday.

It was first aired on September 19, 2013.

As of April 19, 2020, 326 episodes of The Return of Superman have been aired.

The original 3 episodes pilot aired as a Chuseok holiday.

Choo Sunghoon and Sarang are going to Osaka to meet Sunghoon's parents.

Tablo is recovering from shoulder surgery as he takes care of his daughter, Haru.

Lee Hwi-jae goes to see an eye doctor to check Seoeon and Seojun's eyes.

The charismatic actor Jang Hyunsung is actually a very clumsy person at home.

He's very friendly with his two sons, Junu and Junseo.

He teaches Junseo how to ride a bicycle without training wheels.

Sunghoon and Sarang have so much fun in Osaka, Sarang spends her birthday at her grandparents' house and experiences various things she had never done before.

Meanwhile, Tablo and Haru go to the aquarium to see fish, which are Haru's favorite thing in the world.

Hwijae, worried about the twins' eyes, takes them to an eye doctor.

They get their eyes checked up and Hwijae gets so scared by the sound of their crying.

Also he takes them to a baseball park with him.

Hyunsung goes to Junu's parent-teacher conference and gets surprised by Junu's letter and his performance in school.

Haru learns to spend more time with Tablo's bandmate and friend, Tukutz's baby.

Junu and Junseo go shopping for clothes with Hyunsung.

Hwijae takes the twins to a wedding and they continually suffer from stomach problems.

Sunghoon takes Sarang to Hakone hot springs, but it's not the trip he had expected since Sarang refuses to go into the hot spring and won't let him either.

Haru goes to a fishing park with Tablo, they catch their first fish ever.

Sarang continues to have constipation problems.

Sunghoon and Sarang are still at Hakone, they have a craft day where they make souvenirs for mom Shiho.

The twins have diarrhea problems and special nannies Choi Hongman and Lee Hyundo come to help.

Hwijae takes Seoeon and Seojun to a baby play facility where Seoeon encounters his first love.

Junu and Junseo learn about pocket money and finances.

Sarang's mother, Shiho Yano gives a ton of chores to Sunghoon, he has to take Sarang to get her hair cut, make juice for her constipation and so on.

To avoid Sarang getting mad at him he takes her to the Disney store and lets her pick out whatever she wants.

Haru visits the zoo with Tablo, unlike her friends she isn't scared to touch the animals at all.

Hwijae tries to feed his twins baby food but the twins start fighting, later he takes the twins to the TV studio.

Junu and Junseo start the day by fighting and Hyunsung takes them out to fly a kite.

Hyunsung also brings his sons to his mother's house to make kimchi.

The four dads gather together to tape an episode of KBS Happy Together.

The four dads continue with their taping of Happy Together.

Shiho gives Sunghoon a list of things he needs to do and one of them is to buy a Christmas tree.

It's his first time decorating a tree.

Kwanghee of ZE:A visits the Choovely family.

Tablo wants to make this Christmas special so he disguises himself as Santa Claus but Haru's reaction isn't something Tablo expected.

The twins get to celebrate their first Christmas.

Hwijae takes them to a toy store but they keep giving him a hard time.

Hyunsung makes egg bread for the first time for Junu and Junseo.

Sunghoon and Sarang visit Mt.

Fuji, but Sarang isn't interested at all.

Later Sunghoon prepares a surprise party for Shiho.

Tablo and Haru visit Haru's grandpa's grave.

She writes a card to him.

On the morning of Hyejung's return, Haru surprises her dad with the song she wrote.

The twins are growing really fast, they even try walking with a walker.

Hwijae takes them to a swimming pool for babies to swim.

Hyunsung tries making bean sprout rice but Junseo seems to know how he should make it.

Junu expresses how he feels, he thinks his mom favors Junseo since he's younger.

Sunghoon and Sarang decide to go to Okinawa to get away from snowy Tokyo.

Tablo wants to help Haru find what she wants to do in the future, so they visit a martial arts school.

Hwijae wants his twins to be professional athletes so he starts teaching them sports, he takes them to a basketball court and calls a professional baseball player to his house.

On a snowing day, Hyunsung takes his two son's to their grandpa's grave.

Hyunsung cries in grief as he misses his father so much.

Junseo waits for the tooth fairy and makes a wish.

The Choovely family begin their trip in Okinawa as they go to see dolphins, horses and the 2nd largest aquarium in the world.

Haru continues her search for a career path with ballet.

Junu and Junseo get a treat to a theme park from their dad and they learn to overcome some fears.

The twins get their first ever haircut and professional photo shoot.

They arrive all dressed up at Grandma's house to celebrate her birthday.

The Choovely family spend their last day in Okinawa.

Junseo and Junu get caught up in their father's enthusiasm for cooking.

Hyunsung attempts his very first pasta dish.

Hwijae ends up having a great but also terrible time at his parents’ house when he and the twins pay a visit to celebrate his mother's birthday.

He's worried to death about what his wife will think about what his mother has done.

Seojun gets complements from his grandparents for his happy and open personality, while Seoeon is criticized for being a brat and crybaby.

Haru continues her search for an early look at a career path which leads her to cooking class.

Hyunsung and the boys visit Haru's house for a full day of fun, fishing and hanging out.

Haru's love for Junu continues to blossom as she's blown away by his gentle kindness and charm.

Tablo, Haru and the Jang's goes ice fishing.

Meanwhile the Choovely family enjoy their first whole day in Seoul.

Sarang's need for an Anpanman toy causes Sunghoon to lose a fortune.

They head to a dry sauna and then to Insa-dong for a great day and have a dinner date with an international star.

Hwijae and the twins are not shown in this episode.

The Jang family visits Japan for the first time and get lost on the way to the Choo's home.

When they finally get there, Junseo continues to try and win over Sarang but to no avail.

Hyunsung also finds out he is quite popular in Japan when he encounters a Japanese fan.

Hwijae takes his boys out for the first time in a while and learns how to massage them to keep them calm.

Haru attends Big Bang's concert where she gets shy when she sees her idol and later helps out dad, Tablo in the recording studio.

Haru spends the spring day picking strawberries and making jam for her mom.

She becomes close with a puppy at the animal farm next door and wants to take him home.

The twins split up for the day and Hwijae fulfills his dream of acting like a Hollywood dad.

He comes home to give Seojun a bubble bath with the help from two Super Junior members.

Sarang gets to hang out with her pre-school boyfriend Yuto.

Sunghoon gets a taste of how it is to take care of a boy and care for two kids at the same time.

Jang's have a fun time getting Junseo vaccinated and meeting some big name actors.

Junu finally gets to meet the actor Yeo Jingoo, but he actually becomes really shy and he can't even talk to him.

The Jang's leave for Busan to go to the actor Kim Jungtae's place.

There, they meet his son Yakkung, who's the most happy child in the world.

Sarang's pre-school boyfriend Yuto keeps making Sarang mad and Sunghoon has a hard time trying to reconcile the two.

Also, the fighter Kim Donghyun visits Sarang's house.

Hwijae goes to the basketball court and there, he feels small due to basketball player Wu Jiwon's babysitting skills.

Haru and Tablo takes a tour around Gwangjang market and sample the delicious food there.

Haru buys a violin and gets her first lesson from a pretty teacher.

The Jang brothers continue their adventure in Busan with Yakkung and finds out just how important Busan is to their mom and dad.

Sarang has a lesson with a tutor in Korean.

Later Sarang has fun with Yuto at daycare but their violent relationship continues to go up and down when Sarang takes Yuto's grapes and refuses to share them.

Hwijae and Seoeon have fun with Yun Hyeongbin and cooks a romantic birthday breakfast for his wife.

The Superman families head to Jeju-do for a much needed holiday.

They go to the aquarium and enjoy the local delicious raw fish delicacy.

Meanwhile Sarang is visited by members of Girls' Generation who are fans of her.

They have a blast becoming friends with Sarang.

Afterwards Sarang and her dad Sunghoon heads to Jeju-do to join the rest of the Superman families.

They end the day by planning a birthday party for the twins.

All the families are gathered in Jeju-do and they have a blast at the twins' 1st birthday party.

The next day, each family goes on their own adventure.

Haru's family goes horse riding and eats a unique type of seafood instant noodles.

The Jang brothers go hang gliding and swimming.

Sarang's family go to pick dekopon and go in search of a dol hareubang.

The twins enjoy a date at the soccer stadium and later visits their dad's friend Heo Su-gyeong's home, where Seoeon shows his Casanova personality when he chases Su-gyeong's, 7 year old daughter Byeol around her house.

A new family has joined the show, it's actor Kim Jungtae and his son Yakkung! Look forward to their first 48 hours without mom.

Former baseball player Yang Junhyeok visits Hwijae and he does a great job in taking care of the twins.

Sarang practices a birthday song to celebrate her grandpa's birthday.

Also he visits Sarang's house in Tokyo and gets a health examination done for the first time in his life.

UV visits Tablo to create a children's song.

The Jang brothers seem to be going through puberty and becoming more rebellious, so Hyunsung takes them for a counseling session.

Hwijae and the twins pay a visit to former S.E.S member Shoo, who is the mother of twin girls that are the same age as Seoeon and Seojun.

The 2 sets of twins enjoy a fun day together.

Epik High and UV continue with their collaboration to produce a children's song and call themselves YF meaning "Young Father".

Haru rides the Tayo bus, where Tablo takes her to an antique market.

Sarang goes on a date with her grandpa.

She follows everything he does.

Junu and Junseo do a role play to understand each other's position.

Later actress Goo Hye Sun visits the Jang's and brings her dog to help the boys overcome their fears of dogs.

Yakkung goes on an outing with Jungtae to the largest street market in Busan where they sample delicious street food.

Yakkung also realizes how popular he is with the locals.

Later Jungtae brings Yakking to his old neighborhood to see the house he use to live in.

Hwijae is left with the two sets of twins at Shoo's house when she goes to pick up her 5 year old son Yu from school.

Seoeon continues to flirt with the twin sisters and has a stare down with their older brother Yu.

Yakkung goes to get a haircut but he gets so scared that he wails in the hair salon.

Later his friend Jimin comes over.

The Choovely family have gathered to celebrate Sunghoon's father's birthday.

Shiho prepares Korean food for him and Sunghoon's sister Jeonghwa visits.

Tablo takes Haru to where his childhood memories lie.

There, he reminisces of his good old days.

He also takes Haru to the recording studio, where she meets Chinese singer Bibi Zhou.

Hyunsung cooks and prepares a birthday meal for his father-in-law's birthday.

Haru and her mom go to Osaka, Japan to see Tablo and the rest of the YG family concert.

When making Epik High fan posters, Haru gets mad at her mom for using the pink marker and throws a tantrum, Hyejung gets mad and scolds at Haru.

Sarang continues with learning the Korean language.

Later Sunghoon takes her to the doctors for a check up, but because of past frightening experiences at the doctor Sarang refuses to cooperate.

Jungtae takes Yakkung to a hula dance class.

Yakkung takes an immediate liking to it and is eager to learn the hula dance.

Hwijae and the twins go visit his parents.

Seoeon shows his grandmother that he can walk on his own.

Seojun gives a surprise reaction when his grandmother feeds him yogurt.

Sarang attends Yuto's birthday party at the park, but gets upset when he plays with the other kids.

Haru and Hyejeong enjoy the YG concert in Osaka, Japan.

Haru gets to meet G-Dragon again.

Jungtae and Yakkung visits a farm with Kim Daehee and his three daughters.

Daehee's youngest daughter seems to fancy Yakkung but he likes the middle daughter who is a few years older than him.

Junu and Junseo meet Akdong Musician and learn their dance.

The twins' older cousin David pays a visit.

While playing with the twins, Hwijae gets surprised that Seojun can understand him and walk on his own.

Hwijae brings the twins with him to play tennis and tries to set two friends up on a blind date.

Later his friend Hyeon-cheol visits his home to learn how to take care of kids.

Haru and her family are still in Osaka, Japan.

Tablo and Haru go to the Nissin Instant Ramen Museum and make a custom instant cup of noodles.

Sunghoon tries to get Sarang interested in gymnastics.

She seems to enjoy it when an instructure visits their home but when they go to Daisuke's gymnastics class she doesn't seem interested.

Jungtae, Yakkung and Daehee's family are still enjoying their trip at the farm.

They enjoy a nice outdoor lunch and horse back riding.

The Jang family goes to Seoul's Chinatown to enjoy a delicious Chinese lunch.

After their meal they meet up with their wife/mother for a fun day at the amusement park.

Sunghoon brings Sarang and her friend Yuto to Tokyo Disneyland, the two are confused upon meeting Oswald the Lucky Rabbit.

The twins can finally walk on their own now.

Hwijae makes a strawberry cake from scratch for his mother-in-law's birthday.

Seojun's look-a-like Kim Jun-hyun shows up at his home to get to know him.

Tablo and Hyejung's former dog Heendoongi comes to visit them for a day.

Haru wants to get friendly with Heendoongi, but Heendoongi doesn't seem to like her.

Yakkung attends a ballet dance class, later he and Jungtae goes to his mom's university to pick her up.

Hyunsung and Junseo make preparations for Junu's birthday party.

Tablo and Haru go to the Jang's home later to help Junu celebrate his birthday.

Jungtae and Yakkung bid their farewell as this was their last episode.

Sunghoon, Sarang and Yuto are still having fun at Tokyo Disneyland.

The 3 explore the theme park together and finally get to meet Mickey Mouse.

The next day Sunghoon brings Sarang to a farm to see live animals.

Seojun and his look-a-like Kim Jun-hyun are getting close.

Kim Jun-hyun invites his friend and Gag Concert co-star Yu Min-sang over to have a fun afternoon with the twins.

Hwijae later brings the twins with him for an eye examination.

Haru and Tablo have a sleepover at the Jang's home, the next day all of them head off to a forest outing together.

Guest cast Do Kyung Wan and Jang Yun-jeong chronic their path to becoming first time parents.

The Jang's are guest at Tablo's radio show and Hwijae makes a surprise live phone in while Tablo and Hyunsung are on air.

The twins have another fight and Seojun stands up to Seoeon.

Yunjeong and Kyungwan meet up with Hwijae and the twins to get parenting advice.

Sarang gets to milk a live cow and makes ice cream with her dad.

Later she and her mom have a dress up fashion show for Sunghoon.

The Jang's head to a mountain spring and reflect their time on the show.

The Jang's bid their goodbyes as they exit the show.

New "Superman" Song Il-gook and his triplet sons introduce themselves.

Song Il-gook and his triplet sons join the show.

He takes care of his 3 rambunctious boys and takes them out for a bike ride to the park.

Yunjeong looks through baby pictures of Kyungwan and old pictures of her in-laws.

Later they head to a baby shop to prepare items for the birth of their child.

Hwijae invites Shoo and her twin girls over to his home.

He and his wife offer to look after the girls so Shoo can have a relaxing day.

Sunghoon and Sarang go to Osaka, Japan to visit his parents.

Sarang has a judo match with her grandfather.

Haru's friend comes to her home.

They have a fun day karaoking.

Hwijae and his wife continue to have a fun afternoon with their twins and Shoo's twin daughters.

Sarang goes shopping for swimwear with her grandparents and sees her grandfather's romantic side towards her grandmother.

Sunghoon coaches judo to students.

Haru attends a children's play group and later goes bare hand fishing with her dad.

Ilgook takes the triplets out to a enjoyable buffet lunch.

Later at home he tries to teach them to play soccer.

Yunjeong finally gives birth to her son with an emotional Kyungwan by her side.

Choi Hong-man visits the twins' home again, now that the twins have grown they don't seem to remember him.

Later Hwijae brings the twins to the mega market, Seojun is excited to explore the market and starts to wander around store.

Haru and her dad are still at their farm visit.

She plays with ducks and has a lunch made from the fishes she caught.

Sarang goes swimming with her dad and grandparents, later she celebrates her grandmother's birthday with the rest of her family.

Ilgook takes the triplets to the mega market and their daycare.

Time and time again Manse testes his dad's patience when he refuses to obey.

Yunjeong and Kyungwan can't get enough of their newborn son, they constantly admire him and have a photoshoot for him.

Yunjeong and Kyungwan finally bring Kkom-kkomyi home after staying at Kyungwan's parents' home.

Later Yunjeong's friend trot singer Park Hyun-bin comes to meet Kkom-kkomyi.

Hwijae brings the twins to a learning center where they play with raw flour.

Sunghoon brings Sarang along to the gym so he can spend an afternoon training.

Haru and Tablo go clam digging.

Ilgook and the triplets have a fun day at the water park.

Yunjeong and Kyungwan bring Kkom-kkomyi to his first check up.

Ilgook take the triplets to the park where he tires himself by chasing after each triplet.

Afterwards he gives each of them a bath.

Sunghoon takes Sarang to meet one of his childhood heroes.

Later Sunghoon's friend Jang Keun-suk pays a visit to the Choo home, where Sarang ignores him but her mom Shiho shows her fangirl side.

Haru and Tablo visit Hyejung at her film set.

Haru shows her jealous side when one of the child actors seems to be close to her mother.

Hwijae takes the twins to a puppy pet shop where the boys have fun playing with the puppies.

Later Hwijae and his wife take the twins to Namsan Seoul Tower to celebrate the twins 500th day and leave a loving message on a lock.

Yunjeong, Kyungwan and Kkom-kkomyi say their goodbyes as this is their last episode.

Hwijae and Jeongwon teach the twins to use a fork on their own.

Later Hwijae brings the twins to the 2014 K League All-Star Game, where the twins get to meet all the players and have their jerseys signed.

Seojun gets a taste of chocolate for the first time when some of the players offer him a mini Snickers bar.

Ilgook takes the triplets to a children's salon to get their hair cut.

Later he takes them for a trail hike.

DJ Tukutz and his son Yunu arrives early at Haru's home for a fun day with Tablo and Haru at the water park.

Shiho takes over 48-hour single parent duty for Sunghoon because he has to train for his upcoming MMA fight.

Shiho participates in Sarang's Korean lessons and later Shiho and Sarang have a fun day with her younger cousin.

Ilgook teaches the triplets to ride tricycles.

With help from local neighborhood kids who are order than the triplets, Daehan, Minguk, and Manse eventually learn to pedal their tricycles.

Hwijae and the twins meet up with actress Shin Aera and her daughters to have fun at a teepee resort.

Shiho and Sarang head to the park with her cousin to have a enjoyable afternoon.

Later Sarang's grandparents arrive from Osaka to take her camping.

Tablo and Haru learn to make tofu.

Hyejung surprises them the next day by having an indoor camping experience.

All four "Superman" family gather at KBS headquarter studio for a special 1 year anniversary of the show.

The parents reflect their time on the show and answer studio audiences questions.

A behind the scenes look of the 1 year anniversary show.

The kids play back stage at KBS headquarters.

Sarang and Yuto go on a floating boat restaurant and hear their favorite song being performed.

Ilgook play a pretend crocodile game with the triplets and later take them out for Korean barbecue.

Hwijae takes the twins out for their first ever taste of Samgyetang.

The Lee twins' uncle pay a visit to their home again, but the twins end up ignoring him.

Later Hwijae brings the twins to Korean celebrity food personality Lee Hye Jung's cooking studio.

Shiho and Sarang learn to make kimchi together with her grandparents.

Ilgook brings the triplets to a live Robocar Poli show.

Tablo and Haru meet up with her grandfather and uncle to enjoy a seafood meal together.

Ilgook takes the triplets to a grape vineyard to make a birthday gift for his wife.

While making a card for his wife the triplets ruin the couch.

Sarang and her grandparents visit Shiho during her photo shoot.

Tablo takes Haru to a music concert where other musical acts befriend her.

Hwijae takes the twins on a trail hike and later to the gym to look for their mother.

SungHoon's fight weigh in is shown at the end.

Tablo and family go to Jeju Island and visit a tangerine farm, picking delicious fruits for the Superman families while eating some as they go.

Sean and his kids pay a visit to Ilgook and the triplets' home.

Later both families participate in a marathon race for a good cause.

Hwijae takes the twins to a vegetable farm where they pick, wash and eat the vegetables while getting wet in the process.

Sarang and Sunghoon are on a farm where, like the twins, are picking their own vegetables and having fun while doing it together.

At the end we see Hwijae and the twins buying gifts for their visit to the triplets and Ilgook home.

Taeyang becomes Haru's babysitter when Tablo becomes busy while working on his new album.

Sarang has a fun day at a park with her friend Yuto.

Later Sarang shows her braveness when Sunghoon takes her to the doctor's office for a check up and shots, and she doesn't throw a fit.

The twins head to Busan with dad and their grandfather to visit the naval museum and see the ship grandpa was assigned to.

The triplets visit the countryside where they participate in making red bean stew and eat roasted bugs for the first time.

Later Ilgook prepares to make a calendar featuring the triplets but has a hard time getting them to pose correctly.

The Choo family dog has puppies.

Later Sunghoon takes Sarang and her friend Yuto "trick or treating" for Halloween.

Haru continues spending time with Taeyang while Tablo works on his album.

Ilgook tries hard to get the triplets to pose properly for his calendar.

Hwijae and the twins are still in Busan with their grandfather.

Their mom arrives to join the trip.

The twins have their first taste of spicy food which Seojun is able to distinguish right away while Seoeon does not feel anything.

Later the Lee's take a family portrait and their grandfather takes a portrait to be used at his future funeral.

The Song boys continue their visit to the Choo family home in Japan.

Sarang helps Ilgook shop for groceries and shows her hospitality to the triplets by offering them chocolate.

Shiho shows up to help celebrate Christmas with her family and the Song's.

Hwijae and the twins attend Kim In-seok's wedding.

He also teaches the twins to bow properly in a show of respect for New Year's and later they go on a mountain hike and watch the sunset to look back at the year.

Tablo and Haru visit and pay their respect at his father's grave.

Tablo, Haru and Hyejung celebrate Christmas together with a cake and say their goodbyes to the show.

Taewoong's 48 hours of child care duty begins.

He takes Jion to the local park where he has trouble changing her diaper.

Later when he is feeding dinner to Jion he is touched and surprised that she is able to mimic his actions while he was cooking.

Sarang plays dress up with her mom.

Her friend Yuto comes over to help take her of the newborn puppies and participate in Sarang's Korean lessons.

Hwijae shows the twins how to dry laundry.

Later he takes them out for a restaurant to have a Korean feast.

Major League Baseball player Hyun-jin Ryu visit the Song home.

Taewoong potty trains Jion, later the two go grocery shopping and he child proofs the home while Jion is taking a nap.

Sarang visits her older cousin Yume in Kyoto, Japan.

While there she also meets up with her other maternal relatives (her great-great grandmother, grandmother, and uncle).

The two have fun wearing hanboks, also her cousin Yume gets to see Sarang's huge eating appetite.

Hwijae brings the twins to a bakery where they let you decorate your own cake.

Hwijae wants to decorate a cake for his friend Yoon Hyung Bin's son 100th day but the twins won't stop eating the icing cream on the cake.

The Song's are still enjoying their time with Hyun-jin Ryu.

Later Ilgook takes the triplets skiing.

Jion shows off her dance talents at a ballet class.

Later she goes to the doctor's office and shows her braveness when she hardly cries.

Hwijae and the twins goes to the Noryangjin fish market to explore.

Seojun shows his curiosity and fearlessness when he asks his dad about the all species and touches all of them without fear.

He also shows his pickiness for food when he refuses to eat any of the delicious cooked seafood dad has brought, instead sternly demands to only eat a corn dish.

Sarang and Sunghoon are in Korea, first they have a meal with well known actor Cha Seung-won and later visit the Song residence.

Sarang has fun with the triplets and Manse shows his adoration for her.

Hyejin prepares breakfast for Taewoong and Jion before both father and daughter are off to swimming lessons.

Later Taewoong phones his older sister Uhm Jung Hwa via video chat to greet each other for Lunar New Year.

Sarang and Sunghoon are in Asahikawa, Japan to visit the Asahiyama Zoo where Sarang looks forward to seeing the penguin attraction.

Manse shows he misses Sarang and insist on sitting at her seat when she visited the Song's.

Ilgook brings the triplets camping, before arriving at the camp site he brags about being an expert camper but has trouble pitching the tent, setting up equipment and preparing food once they are at the camp site.

Hwijae plays a flash card game with the twins and is surprised when he finds out how intelligent Seojun is.

The Lee's go to the Tteok & Kitchen Utensil Museum to learn how to make home made tteok.

The Lees goes ice fishing and Seojun shows he is quite skill at it.

After finishing fishing they feast on their catch where the twins are curious about tasting chili sauce.

Seojun has figured out how to turn the lights on at home and refuses to go to sleep during bedtime.

Later Hwijae brings the twins to a play center that specialize in children's play vehicles.

The Choos are still at Hokkaido.

Father and daughter have a fun chat during a hot bowl of ramen, the next day the two participate in a DIY chocolate course.

Taewoong invites his former 2 Days & 1 Night castmate Cha Tae-hyun and his daughters to his home to keep Jion company.

Taewoong cook a delicious duck stew meal for his guest which causes Tae-hyun's toddler daughter Su-jin to continuous suck on the duck bones.

Ilgook takes the triplets to a dojang for Taekwondo lessons.

Later at home Ilgook once again teaches the triplets how to put on their own diaper and pants.

The Lees goes to a art center to make a birthday gift for mom.

The Lees also invite all their close neighbors for a get together and to say their goodbyes before they move to their new home.

Sarang and Sunghoon dine on king crab legs.

During a conversation with dad, Sarang confesses that she now likes Manse more than Mom and Dad which surprises Sunghoon.

After having a fun day with their guess the Chas, Jion and Taewoong enjoy a quiet evening watching The Return of Superman.

While watching a past episode showing her dad falling asleep, Jion breaks into tears.

The Songs head to the Shin-gi Market in Incheon to explore.

While exploring they get side tracked by food and downed 16 skewers of fishcake and then dined at a restaurant that specialize in dishes made from pig.

Taewoong and Jion head to a floral nursery to pick out plants and trees to plant in their back yard.

Later Taewoong's father-in-law veteran actor Yoon Il-Bong stops by their house to play with Jion.

After enjoying her mango breakfast Sarang helps her dad Sunghoon clean the dishes, later they head to an interactive art exhibit where it inspires Sunghoon and Sarang to create their own artwork at home.

The Songs and Lees are still together celebrating the triplets and twins birthdays together.

Afterwards the Lees head to a farm where they learn to make tufu the ancient way, while the Songs head to the beach to take pictures.

The Lees meet up with singer Sung Dae-hyun, Seoeon shows his flirtatious side again as a nuna lover with Dae-hyun's daughter Ah-young.

Later Hwijae brings the twins to soccer great Song Chong-gug's soccer camp where both twins shows great potential in soccer.

Taewoong puts his handy skills to work by building an outdoor playhouse and swing for Jion.

Later he shows off his gardening skills to Hyejin when she returns home.

The Songs ride the public bus to the bus driver examination course for Ilgook to take his bus driver test.

Later the triplets attend a ballerina class where Manse shows off his martial art skills.

Sarang has a fun play date with her dad where they play cake shop.

After mimicking her mother cooking and having breakfast, Sarang and Sunghoon head to a strawberry farm to pick strawberries.

Later they go to a rock climbing gym.

Hwijae takes the twins to a children's play group gym where Seojun shows his athleticism while Seoeon flirts with the girls.

Later the Lees go to a restaurant to dine on roast duck, the twins shows their huge appetite by devouring all the food.

The Songs go hiking with the triplets preschool classmates.

Later at home Ilgook teaches the triplets about sharing.

The Uhms go on a picnic at a park where they get to feed ostriches.

Later at home Taewoong's older sister actress-singer Uhm Junghwa comes over to his house to bond with Jion.

Sarang's cousin Yume visits her in Tokyo.

Sarang is extremely happy to see Yume, after a delicious lunch prepared by Sunghoon the girls and their dads go to a dress up photo studio to have pictures of them as princesses taken.

Hwijae wants to invite his friends over to his new home for a house warming party.

Not the greatest cook he ask his friend Kim Ji-woo what he should make, she then suggested he talk to her husband, celebrity chef Raymon Kim.

After picking up ingredients at the supermarket, Hwijae and the twins head to the Kims home for a lesson in spaghetti making.

Taewoong's older sister Uhm Junghwa is still visiting him.

He leaves Jion in Junghwa's care while he heads out to pick up dinner.

The Songs go to a exotic petting zoo where there are snakes, aquatic creatures, bunnies and turtles.

Daehan shows no fear, wanting to touch every animal.

Later that night at home, Ilgook performs a puppet show for the triplets.

Hwijae invites his friends over to his new home for a home cooked meal prepared by himself.

While his guest wait for dinner to be ready, Hwijae serves them japchae to enjoy, Seojun shows his mischievous by stealing noodles from Kim Hyun Chul's bowl.

After their fun day at the photo studio Sunghoon takes Yume and his brother-in-law to a Korean restaurant for dinner.

While Yume eats gracefully, Sarang chows down her food.

After a fun sleepover with her cousin, Sarang is sad when Yume has to leave.

After taking the triplets weight and measurements, Ilgook decides to weigh himself and sees that he has gained weight.

He takes the triplets with him to do some outdoor exercise, but a hard day of workout is gone to waste when the Songs go to a mandu restaurant and downs ten orders of dumplings and two bowls of noodles.

Taewoong says goodbye to his sister who leaves after visiting him and Jion.

The next day the Uhms go to a piggy petting zoo.

Continuing in the day, Taewoong takes Jion to the house where he filmed Architecture 101, later Ilgook invites the Uhms to go climb the hills of Yongnuni Oreum with him and the triplets.

Hwijae and the twins visits his friend Heo Su-gyeong who lives on the island with her daughter Byeol.

The last time the Lees visited Su-gyeong, Seoeon showed lots of interest in Byeol, but this time around both him and Seojun are more interested in the banana she is eating.

Meanwhile Sunghoon and Sarang go horseback riding and later the Seogwipo Olle Market to pick up ingredients for that nights dinner and a cake for Taewoong's surprise birthday party.

Seojun shows his mischievous side again by grabbing a handful of cake meant for Jion, but this time Hwijae catches him and lectures him on his misbehavior.

While Sunghoon was at the market he also brought specialty gifts only available in Jeju Island for all the children, which is clothes dyed with persimmon.

The next morning while all the families are still sleeping the wives arrives at the home-stay.

Ilgook has a "Little Mermaid" themed photo-shoot with the triplets.

He has the triplets dress up as various characters from the story.

Later that evening he decides that the triplets are now old enough to eat at the dining table and teaches them about table etiquette.

Baekhyun and Chanyeol from Exo visits the Lees' to help babysit the twins.

After playing with the twins and time for lunch, Chanyeol takes Seojun grocery shopping with him and is surprised when Seojun seems to be more popular than him.

After finishing shopping and returning to the Lee home, both Exo members help to cook lunch and feed the twins.

Sarang celebrates her friend Yuto's birthday by singing a song she made up.

Later Sarang, Sunghoon and Grandpa Choo visit a shop that lets them get up close with all kinds of owls.

Taewoong takes Jion to a child development center and is disappointed in himself as a parent when he finds out that she is behind in socializing skills with others.

The twins get a summer haircut.

Afterwards Hwijae takes them shopping and brings them to visit his former High School teachers home.

Shiho invites all the moms to visit Japan.

The Choos di some fitness at home with Shiho teaching Sarang yoga moves.

Later Sunghoon takes Sarang bike riding at the park.

Later that night, Sarang decides to give her dad a makeover.

The triplets go to a simulation fireman play center to learn about fire rescue.

Later the Songs go grocery shopping for chicken ginseng soup ingredients.

Taewoong's friend and former 2 Days & 1 Night cast member Sung Si-kyung visits their home.

He gifts Jion a make believe princess play-set and cooks lunch for them.

The Lees are still at Hwijae's former teacher's home.

Hwijae cooks dinner for his former teacher while struggle to cook on a rural stove.

Taewoong and Sung Si-kyung work together to get Join's toy un-stuck from the ceiling.

Ilgook participates in a triathlon competition.

He has each of the twins accompany in each different category.

The Choos invite the Sarang's cousins over.

Sunghoon has fun playing DJ while the kids dance to the music.

The Lees goes to a petting zoo and the twins get their very first horse ride.

Sunghoon takes Sarang and her friend Yuto to the park to play.

Later at home Sarang and her mom Shiho have a cheongsam dress fashion show at home.

Ilgook and the triplets continues with the triathlon competition, afterwards they have a buffet meal.

Jion and Taewoong enjoy a beautiful in their backyard with the family dogs.

Later Taewoong takes Jion to a children's play gym to socialize with other kids.

Later they make posters to welcome mom back from her trip.

A very fashionable Sarang and Sunghoon dine on Sōmen noodles, The experience of have to catch your noodles in a bamboo river gets Sarang excited.

The Songs are still enjoying their camping trip.

Ilgook makes a game of finding items in the forest to keep the triplets occupied.

Later the Songs go to a salon for the triplets to get their hair cuts.

Looking at female wigs Ilgook gets an idea and puts a wig on each of his sons, pretending them to be daughters.

Hwijae takes the twins out to have cake, after returning home mom Jeongwon, tells Hwijae that her old college friend Jeong Changuk who is now a celebrity chef will be stopping by their home to teach Hwijae to cook a healthy meal.

Taewoong and Jion are still visiting his old hometown.

Jion falls in love and takes care of the puppies at their home-stay house.

While eating at a restaurant Taewoong meets the owner who happens to be a former classmate of his older sister Junghwa.

A short preview is shown of new Superman Lee Donggook's big family.

Taewoong takes Jion to his favorite childhood summer spot.

Father and daughter enjoy a nice cool dip in the stream and later enjoy a seafood meal.

Jeong Changuk tries to get close with the twins while teaching Hwijae how to make multiple healthy chicken dishes.

Ilgook and the triplets set a re-marriage proposal for their mom.

Later the Songs dine at a noodle restaurant, Ilgook decides to participate in the noodle eating contest the restaurant has.

Later they go to the airport to pickup the Sungs and Yuto who are visiting from Japan.

Lee Donggook and his big family makes their debut.

Donggook's first task is to make breakfast for his kids.

He finds the task hard as he is not familiar around the kitchen, with the help of his older twin daughters Jaesi and Jaeah he manages to make scramble eggs for everyone.

Second day of lessons at the village school for the triplets and Sarang and Yuto! Choo Sunghoon and Song Ilkook make a special health dish for the children.

The actor, Ahn Jaewook, comes from afar to see Seoeon and Seojun.

But when Jaewook sees the twins, they slowly run away! Taewoong is a trained horse rider through acting! This time he goes to a horse riding course with Jion! Donggook prepares a party for Seola and Sua’s second birthday! They put on pretty dresses and delicious cake is ready.

Ilkook and the triplets participate in "Box 1 Race!" They make a boat with boxes themselves and row along Hangang! Sarang and Sunghoon visit the twins' house! But suddenly a fierce chase happens? What has happened to Sarang and the twins? Jion and Taewoong have a photo shoot.

It was very tough but how are the results? On the day of Donggook's soccer match, the five siblings visit their dad with the sign they made themselves! The triplets have come to Gapyeong to enjoy a festival.

They meet their favorite, dinosaurs, there.

But suddenly a real dinosaur appears! Seoeon and Seojun transform into martial artists! They try learning manners and kicking and using nunchucks.

Sarang has come to meet Girls' Generation! Sarang is very excited to meet them after a long time! Jion is off to meet the horse Louis which has a special relationship with Taewoong.

She has fun receiving the love from Louis.

Seola, Sua and Daebak are still in Jeongju! They enjoy red bean shaved ice and have fun playing in the water.

Daehan, Minguk and Manse are off to Busan, where it's full of Ilkook and his wife's memories.

They enjoy swimming in the beach.

Seoeon and Seojun are a big fan of Lightning Man that they even go to Lightning Man performances.

Hwijae prepares a surprise for the twins.

Sarang prepares a secret performance and opens a nail salon just for Girls' Generation.

Jion and Taewoong visit a dance studio.

Jion enjoys dancing to her aunt's song.

Seola, Sua and Daebak go to a market! Donggook tries choosing clothes for his kids for the first time! But Seola and Sua seem to be more interested in toys.

Daehan, Minguk, and Manse are still in Busan! They try fishing at the ocean! Seoeon and Seojun are off to Mungyeong, their grandpa's hometown.

They visit a watermelon farm! G-dragon is here at Sarang's house! He brought a whole bunch of presents for Sarang.

Jion and Taewoong are at the traditional village.

They dress up in hanbok and try making rice cakes.

Donggook and his five kids go on a picnic! Donggook has prepared a special bike for his kids.

They have lunchbox and go sledding.

The triplets visit a place to experience many types of jobs.

They try being dentists and also being theatrical actors! The twins are still in Mungyeong.

Hwijae challenges himself in paragliding to show his dad the beautiful scenery of Mungyeong.

Hwijae has acrophobia.

Will he be able to do it? Sarang has turned into a dance teacher this time! G-Dragon and Sarang have fun dancing to Big Bang's songs.

Jion and Taewoong are at the grape festival.

They try picking grapes and even try making wine.

Daebak has started to crawl around! This time, he tries walking.

Will he be able to move one foot without holding Dongook's hand? Seola, Sua and Daebak were scared by a laughing puppy doll.

So Donggook takes them to a theme park of dogs.

It has snowed a lot and Seojun wishes for something after looking at the snow.

It's to meet Elsa of "Frozen!" And the real Elsa appears in front of the twins! It's the second morning at the Buddhist temple and the twins try picking cotton for the first time.

Sunghoon and Sarang dress up in hanbok and make a wish at Yongungsa, Busan.

They also meet Uncle Donghyun and have delicious dinner.

It's Rohui and Taeyoung's first time spending two days without mom.

Will they be able to survive their first 48 hours alone? Daebak can now eat regular food starting with the egg soup Donggook made last time.

This time, they all go out to have beef soup.

It's a peaceful day at the twins' house and they suddenly spot a unknown animal with sharp teeth, scary eyes and long tail through the window! Seoeon and Seojun head out to see what this mysterious animal is! Sunghoon has become an actor and Shiho and Sarang visit the movie set to support him! They open up a cafe and serve the production crew with delicious drinks! Meanwhile, the triplets go on a trip to a ski resort! Their ski skills have improved greatly compared to last time! Donggook gets a breakdown for "The Supermen are for hire" special! The five siblings living over the sky-blue walls are waiting for him! Donggook becomes the Superman for Sumin who wants to be a soccer player, and his little siblings.

Triplet boys and another twin boys? Seoeon and Seojun visits Daebangdong where five boys are living! Hayeong's dad works overseas Sunghoon becomes the Superman for Hayeong's family! He goes to Hayeong's kindergarten and even becomes a P.E.

teacher! It's the 10th wedding anniversary for Donggook and Taeyoung becomes the Superman for Seola, Sua and Daebak! What will happen at Rohui, Seola, Sua, and Daebak's first encounter? The triplets try making eel with rice for their mom working overtime.

They take the lunchbox to their mom and look back on the past year.

It's the last episode for the triplets! We introduce the new family! Actor Lee Bumsoo has comeback as an ordinary dad! Soyul takes care of her baby brother just like a mom and Daeul always tries to stay next to his sister.

It’s our first encounter with them! Seoeon and Seojun have been desperately waiting to meet Elsa that they met last time.

They clean Elsa’s shoes with devotion.

Then they suddenly run off to somewhere! Sarang and Yuto are born and raised in the city.

They visit the countryside of Korea where the air’s fresh and the water’s clean.

Sunghoon asks them a favor to cook the delicious chicken dish.

Taeyoung wants to have a lot of babies and he experiences the situation with Donggook’s children.

He was very confident at first but he gets exhausted as time goes by.

The king of variety shows, Lee Gyeonggyu visits the twins! He gets knocked out by the cute twins.

While dad was gone, Daebak developed a talent! Donggook excitedly goes home after watching Daebak greeting his sisters, but Daebak ignores him.

Two cute little friends visit the SoDa Siblings! It's two dogs of their neighbor Taecyeon, Eddie and Hari.

Rohui goes to Guam with her parents! Everyone gets shocked at how Eugene looks in her old baby photo.

She looks exactly the same as Rohui.

Hwijae has prepared a big event for the funny twins! He even invited the producer of "2 Days and 1 Night," Yu Hojin.

But thanks to active Seojun, it's hard just to start the show.

Taeyoung and Rohui have a great time on their own.

Taeyoung tries to have a romantic lunch at a beach restaurant when Rohui starts moving to try new food! Daeul's friend Epe has grown big! Daeul is scared of getting injections so Bumsoo asked Epe for help.

Will Daeul be able to get the injection? Daebak visits a barber shop to become a manly man.

For some reason, Daebak looks sad from the beginning.

Sua, Seola and Daebak visit the stadium to cheer for Donggook.

They prepare a surprise event with their grandpa! Seoeon and Seojun play the dinner game of chance, the symbol of "2 Days and 1 Night!" And they are awaken by the beautiful morning angel.

Who is she? SoDa Siblings travel back in time to Bumsoo's school days.

Taeyoung prepares a surprise event for Eugene and Rohui.

It's like a scene from the movies.

A handsome actor is here to take care of the five children of Donggook.

The sisters are shy but Daebak seems to be nervous.

A big rabbit is running around Seoeon and Seojun's house.

He was expecting a big welcome but the twins ignore him.

Two idol uncles appear in front of SoDa Siblings as their mom and dad.

The two uncles can't help but surrender to the untiring siblings.

Singer uncles have visited to see cute Rohui.

They take care of Rohui just as they learned from Taeyoung.

And they go out to take the subway for an outing.

The naughty boys of the show Seoeon and Seojun! And the charming twin girls Seola and Sua! They meet once again! Also, Hwijae has stolen the heart of Daebak! and Donggook gets weary of the situation.

Bumsoo and Daeul have a father-and-son date! They go to the car wash and dress up in suits! For Gyojin, the other two dads visit the drama reading room as a surprise! Everyone gets surprised at the visit of cute baby girls.

Soeul and Daeul takes the subway for the first time to run an errand.

A guest who Seoeon and Seojun like visits the twins’ house.

Sua, Seola and Sian make a mess in the house with rice this time.

Rohee spends quality time with her dad at a gym.

Soeul and Daeul visit KBS to see their special guests today.

These guests prepare them special events and gifts to make the siblings’ day even more wonderful.

Seoeon and Seojun visit their closest and prettiest friend, Arin, to celebrate her birthday.

Sua, Seola and Sian visit Pohang to see their grandparents on Chuseok.

Sunghoon and Sarang visit her dear friends, Soeul and Daeul.

They learn the importance of money by selling their old clothes and toys at a flea market.

Seoeon and Seojun experience many new things and spend great time in Jeju Island.

Also, Rohee goes on a camping trip with her dad and his friends for the first time.

Bumsoo shows Soeul and Daeul what community service is about.

Donggeun, Jiho and Gyojin plan a first birthday party for Joy, Haeun and Seoheun.

Seoeon and Seojun get excited after seeing Santa Claus.

Ko Jiyong of Sechs Kies spends 48 hours alone with his son, Seungjae for the first time.[11] Donggook’s family travels to Chuncheon to eat some delicious dakgalbi and watch the first sunrise of 2017.

As Lee Hwijae wishes to have a third child, he visits a urology clinic to check up on his health.

Soeul and Daeul take the subway by themselves to find Dad, who is waiting for them at a campsite.

Daeul and Soeul’s family move to a new house near their grandmother’s place, so that their grandmother can see them more often.

Seoeon and Seojun become friends with two octopuses.

Sooa, Seola, and Sian visit William’s place for a day, and a special guest joins them as well.

It’s Seoeon and Seojun’s birthday, and Seojun prepares a surprise gift for Seoeon.

Rohui also celebrates her birthday by throwing a party and recording her first album with Bada.

Donggook takes Seola, Sua, and Sian to a special place to learn how to sing.

Seungjae goes hiking with Jiyong, and Soeul and Daeul spend their last night on a deserted island.

Seoeon and Seojun try zip-line ride for the first time with Hwijae.

Sam takes pictures of William and his pets, Gaji and Mandu, to enter a look-alike contest.

Jiyong and Seungjae's trip in Jeju Island continues.

SHINee Minho invites Seola, Sua, and Sian to SM Entertainment’s office building.

Soeul and Daeul prepare special gifts for Bumsoo.

Taeyoung and Rohui sell old baby products that Rohui used when she was a baby.

Sam and William prepare a surprise event for Actor Ryu Suyoung.

Seungjae visits a pharmacy to buy medicine for Jiyong.

Sian spends time at an amusement park with his sisters and Donggook.

Seungjae prepares a surprise for Jiyong’s birthday with his mom.

Sam prepares a special event for William’s birthday.

Seoeon and Seojun spend the day with CNBLUE’s Jung Yonghwa at their house.

Hwijae takes Seoeon and Seojun to World Insect Fair as well as Folk Village to have a good time.

Donggook’s children spend a day with star uncles[18] while Donggook is out for work.

William’s grandmother comes to visit Sam’s family from Australia, and goes on a Seoul tour with them.[19] Seungjae learns how to be a big brother by playing with his little cousin.

Jiyong and Seungjae visit Jiyong’s elementary school together.

Sam

Web content management system

A Web content management system (WCM or WCMS)[1] is a software content management system (CMS) specifically for web content.

It provides website authoring, collaboration, and administration tools that help users with little knowledge of web programming languages or markup languages create and manage website content.

A WCMS provides the foundation for collaboration, providing users the ability to manage documents and output for multiple author editing and participation.

Most systems use a content repository or a database to store page content, metadata, and other information assets the system needs.

A presentation layer (template engine) displays the content to website visitors based on a set of templates, which are sometimes XSLT files.[2] Most systems use server side caching to improve performance.

This works best when the WCMS is not changed often but visits happen regularly.

Administration is also typically done through browser-based interfaces, but some systems require the use of a fat client.

A Web content management system controls a dynamic collection of web material, including HTML documents, images, and other forms of media.[3] A WCMS facilitates document control, auditing, editing, and timeline management.

A WCMS typically has the following features:[4][5] A WCMS can use one of three approaches: offline processing, online processing, and hybrid processing.

These terms describe the deployment pattern for the WCMS in terms of when it applies presentation templates to render web pages from structured content.

These systems, sometimes referred to as "static site generators",[7] pre-process all content, applying templates before publication to generate web pages.

Since pre-processing systems do not require a server to apply the templates at request time, they may also exist purely as design-time tools.

These systems apply templates on-demand.

They may generate HTML when a user visits the page, or the user might receive pre-generated HTML from a web cache.

Most open source WCMSs support add-ons that extended the system's capabilities.

These include features like forums, blogs, wikis, web stores, photo galleries, and contact management.

These are variously called modules, nodes, widgets, add-ons, or extensions.

Some systems combine the offline and online approaches.

Some systems write out executable code (e.g., JSP, ASP, PHP, ColdFusion, or Perl pages) rather than just static HTML.

That way, personnel don't have to deploy the WCMS itself on every web server.

Other hybrids operate in either an online or offline mode.

TOWeb

TOWeb is a WYSIWYG website creation software for Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X that makes web publishing easy.[1] The latest version 5 creates HTML5/CSS3 responsive websites compatible with any device.

It has some limitations such as one can not open an external web site for editing.[2] The first version of TOWeb was developed during 2 years from 2003 to 2005 under the project name "WebGen".

It was primarily intended for beginners without any HTML knowledge[3] in website creation.

The first version 1.0 was released on August 6, 2005.

The following releases 2.0, 3.0, 4.0...have brought new features like the ability to create online stores.

The latest version 5.0 released on June 2013 follow the Responsive Web Design trend by allowing the creation of websites compatible with any device.[4] TOWeb is available in the following languages: English, French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese.

WordPress

WordPress (WordPress.org) is a free and open-source content management system (CMS) written in PHP[4] and paired with a MySQL or MariaDB database.

Features include a plugin architecture and a template system, referred to within WordPress as Themes.

WordPress was originally created as a blog-publishing system but has evolved to support other types of web content including more traditional mailing lists and forums, media galleries, membership sites, learning management systems (LMS) and online stores.

WordPress is used by more than 60 million websites,[5] including 33.6% of the top 10 million websites as of April 2019[update],[6][7] WordPress is one of the most popular content management system solutions in use.[8] WordPress has also been used for other application domains such as pervasive display systems (PDS).[9] WordPress was released on May 27, 2003, by its founders, American developer Matt Mullenweg[1] and English developer Mike Little,[10][11] as a fork of b2/cafelog.

The software is released under the GPLv2 (or later) license.[12] To function, WordPress has to be installed on a web server, either part of an Internet hosting service like WordPress.com or a computer running the software package WordPress.org in order to serve as a network host in its own right.[13] A local computer may be used for single-user testing and learning purposes.

"WordPress is a factory that makes webpages"[14] is a core analogy designed to clarify the functions of WordPress: it stores content and enables a user to create and publish webpages, requiring nothing beyond a domain and a hosting service.

WordPress has a web template system using a template processor.

Its architecture is a front controller, routing all requests for non-static URIs to a single PHP file which parses the URI and identifies the target page.

This allows support for more human-readable permalinks.[15] WordPress users may install and switch among different themes.

Themes allow users to change the look and functionality of a WordPress website without altering the core code or site content.

Every WordPress website requires at least one theme to be present and every theme should be designed using WordPress standards with structured PHP, valid HTML (HyperText Markup Language), and Cascading Style Sheets (CSS).

Themes may be directly installed using the WordPress "Appearance" administration tool in the dashboard, or theme folders may be copied directly into the themes directory, for example via FTP.[16] The PHP, HTML and CSS found in themes can be directly modified to alter theme behavior, or a theme can be a "child" theme that inherits settings from another theme and selectively overrides features.[17] WordPress themes are generally classified into two categories: free and premium.

Many free themes are listed in the WordPress theme directory (also known as the repository), and premium themes are available for purchase from marketplaces and individual WordPress developers.

WordPress users may also create and develop their own custom themes.

The free theme Underscores created by the WordPress developers has become a popular basis for new themes.[18] WordPress' plugin architecture allows users to extend the features and functionality of a website or blog.

As of January 2020, WordPress.org has 55,487 plugins available,[19] each of which offers custom functions and features enabling users to tailor their sites to their specific needs.

However, this does not include the premium plugins that are available (approximately 1,500+), which may not be listed in the WordPress.org repository.

These customizations range from search engine optimization (SEO), to client portals used to display private information to logged in users, to content management systems, to content displaying features, such as the addition of widgets and navigation bars.

Not all available plugins are always abreast with the upgrades and as a result they may not function properly or may not function at all.

Most plugins are available through WordPress themselves, either via downloading them and installing the files manually via FTP or through the WordPress dashboard.

However, many third parties offer plugins through their own websites, many of which are paid packages.

Web developers who wish to develop plugins need to learn WordPress' hook system which consists of over 300 hooks divided into two categories: action hooks and filter hooks.

Phone apps for WordPress exist for WebOS,[20] Android,[21] iOS (iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad),[22][23] Windows Phone, and BlackBerry.[24] These applications, designed by Automattic, have options such as adding new blog posts and pages, commenting, moderating comments, replying to comments in addition to the ability to view the stats.[22][23] The WordPress Accessibility Team has worked to improve the accessibility for core WordPress as well as support a clear identification of accessible themes.[25] The WordPress Accessibility Team provides continuing educational support about web accessibility and inclusive design.

The WordPress Accessibility Coding Standards state that "All new or updated code released in WordPress must conform with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 at level AA."[26] WordPress also features integrated link management; a search engine–friendly, clean permalink structure; the ability to assign multiple categories to posts; and support for tagging of posts.

Automatic filters are also included, providing standardized formatting and styling of text in posts (for example, converting regular quotes to smart quotes).

WordPress also supports the Trackback and Pingback standards for displaying links to other sites that have themselves linked to a post or an article.

WordPress posts can be edited in HTML, using the visual editor, or using one of a number of plugins that allow for a variety of customized editing features.

Prior to version 3, WordPress supported one blog per installation, although multiple concurrent copies may be run from different directories if configured to use separate database tables.

WordPress Multisites (previously referred to as WordPress Multi-User, WordPress MU, or WPMU) was a fork of WordPress created to allow multiple blogs to exist within one installation but is able to be administered by a centralized maintainer.

WordPress MU makes it possible for those with websites to host their own blogging communities, as well as control and moderate all the blogs from a single dashboard.

WordPress MS adds eight new data tables for each blog.

As of the release of WordPress 3, WordPress MU has merged with WordPress.[27] b2/cafelog, more commonly known as b2 or cafelog, was the precursor to WordPress.[28] b2/cafelog was estimated to have been installed on approximately 2,000 blogs as of May 2003.[29] It was written in PHP for use with MySQL by Michel Valdrighi, who is now a contributing developer to WordPress.

Although WordPress is the official successor, another project, b2evolution, is also in active development.

WordPress first appeared in 2003 as a joint effort between Matt Mullenweg and Mike Little to create a fork of b2.[30] Christine Selleck Tremoulet, a friend of Mullenweg, suggested the name WordPress.[31][32] In 2004 the licensing terms for the competing Movable Type package were changed by Six Apart, resulting in many of its most influential users migrating to WordPress.[33][34] By October 2009 the Open Source CMS MarketShare Report concluded that WordPress enjoyed the greatest brand strength of any open-source content management system.

As of June 2019, WordPress is used by 60.8% of all the websites whose content management system is known.

This is 27.5% of the top 10 million websites.[6][35] Main releases of WordPress are codenamed after well-known jazz musicians, starting from version 1.0.[41][42] The December 2018 release of WordPress 5.0, "Bebo", is named in homage to the pioneering Cuban jazz musician Bebo Valdés.[87] It included a new default editor "Gutenberg" – a block-based editor; it allows users to modify their displayed content in a much more user friendly way than prior iterations.

Blocks are abstract units of markup that, composed together, form the content or layout of a web page.[88] Past content that was created on WordPress pages is listed under what is referred to as a Classic Block.[89] Prior to Gutenberg, there were several block-based editors available as WordPress plugins, e.g.

Elementor, and following the release of Gutenberg it was compared to existing plugins.[90][91] The Classic Editor Plugin was created as result of User preferences & as a way to help website developers to maintain past plugins only compatible with WordPress 4.9.8 giving plugin developers time to get their plugins updated & compatible with the 5.0 release.

Having the Classic Editor plugin installed restores the "classic" editing experience that WordPress has had up until the WordPress 5.0 release.[92] The Classic Editor Plugin will be supported at least until 2022.[93] The Classic Editor plugin is active on over 5,000,000 installations of WordPress.[94] Matt Mullenweg has stated that the future of WordPress is in social, mobile, and as an application platform.[95][96] Many security issues[97] have been uncovered in the software, particularly in 2007, 2008, and 2015.

According to Secunia, WordPress in April 2009 had seven unpatched security advisories (out of 32 total), with a maximum rating of "Less Critical".

Secunia maintains an up-to-date list of WordPress vulnerabilities.[98] In January 2007, many high-profile search engine optimization (SEO) blogs, as well as many low-profile commercial blogs featuring AdSense, were targeted and attacked with a WordPress exploit.[99] A separate vulnerability on one of the project site's web servers allowed an attacker to introduce exploitable code in the form of a back door to some downloads of WordPress 2.1.1.

The 2.1.2 release addressed this issue; an advisory released at the time advised all users to upgrade immediately.[100] In May 2007, a study revealed that 98% of WordPress blogs being run were exploitable because they were running outdated and unsupported versions of the software.[101] In part to mitigate this problem, WordPress made updating the software a much easier, "one click" automated process in version 2.7 (released in December 2008).[102] However, the filesystem security settings required to enable the update process can be an additional risk.[103] In a June 2007 interview, Stefan Esser, the founder of the PHP Security Response Team, spoke critically of WordPress' security track record, citing problems with the application's architecture that made it unnecessarily difficult to write code that is secure from SQL injection vulnerabilities, as well as some other problems.[104] In June 2013, it was found that some of the 50 most downloaded WordPress plugins were vulnerable to common Web attacks such as SQL injection and XSS.

A separate inspection of the top-10 e-commerce plugins showed that seven of them were vulnerable.[105] In an effort to promote better security, and to streamline the update experience overall, automatic background updates were introduced in WordPress 3.7.[106] Individual installations of WordPress can be protected with security plugins that prevent user enumeration, hide resources and thwart probes.

Users can also protect their WordPress installations by taking steps such as keeping all WordPress installation, themes, and plugins updated, using only trusted themes and plugins,[107] editing the site's .htaccess configuration file if supported by the web server to prevent many types of SQL injection attacks and block unauthorized access to sensitive files.

It is especially important to keep WordPress plugins updated because would-be hackers can easily list all the plugins a site uses, and then run scans searching for any vulnerabilities against those plugins.

If vulnerabilities are found, they may be exploited to allow hackers to, for example, upload their own files (such as a web shell) that collect sensitive information.

Developers can also use tools to analyze potential vulnerabilities, including WPScan, WordPress Auditor and WordPress Sploit Framework developed by 0pc0deFR.

These types of tools research known vulnerabilities, such as a CSRF, LFI, RFI, XSS, SQL injection and user enumeration.

However, not all vulnerabilities can be detected by tools, so it is advisable to check the code of plugins, themes and other add-ins from other developers.

In March 2015, it was reported by many security experts and SEOs, including Search Engine Land, that a SEO plugin for WordPress called Yoast which is used by more than 14 million users worldwide has a vulnerability which can lead to an exploit where hackers can do a Blind SQL injection.[108][109] To fix that issue they immediately introduced a newer version 1.7.4 of the same plugin to avoid any disturbance on web because of the security lapse that the plugin had.[110] In January 2017, security auditors at Sucuri identified a vulnerability in the WordPress REST API that would allow any unauthenticated user to modify any post or page within a site running WordPress 4.7 or greater.

The auditors quietly notified WordPress developers, and within six days WordPress released a high priority patch to version 4.7.2 which addressed the problem.[111][112] As of WordPress 5.2, the minimum PHP version requirement is PHP 5.6,[113] which was released on August 28, 2014,[114] and which has been unsupported by the PHP Group and not received any security patches since December 31, 2018.[114] Thus, WordPress recommends using PHP version 7.3 or greater.[113] In the absence of specific alterations to their default formatting code, WordPress-based websites use the canvas element to detect whether the browser is able to correctly render emoji.

Because Tor Browser does not currently discriminate between this legitimate use of the Canvas API and an effort to perform canvas fingerprinting, it warns that the website is attempting to 'extract HTML5 canvas image data'.

Ongoing efforts seek workarounds to reassure privacy advocates while retaining the ability to check for proper emoji rendering capability.[115] Matt Mullenweg and Mike Little were co-founders of the project.

The core lead developers include Helen Hou-Sandí, Dion Hulse, Mark Jaquith, Matt Mullenweg, Andrew Ozz, and Andrew Nacin.[116][117] WordPress is also developed by its community, including WP testers, a group of volunteers who test each release.

They have early access to nightly builds, beta versions and release candidates.

Errors are documented in a special mailing list or the project's Trac tool.

Though largely developed by the community surrounding it, WordPress is closely associated with Automattic, the company founded by Matt Mullenweg.[118] On September 9, 2010, Automattic handed the WordPress trademark to the newly created WordPress Foundation, which is an umbrella organization supporting WordPress.org (including the software and archives for plugins and themes), bbPress and BuddyPress.

WordCamps are casual, locally organized conferences covering everything related to WordPress.[119] The first such event was WordCamp 2006 in August 2006 in San Francisco, which lasted one day and had over 500 attendees.[120][121] The first WordCamp outside San Francisco was held in Beijing in September 2007.[122] Since then, there have been over 1,022 WordCamps in over 75 cities in 65 different countries around the world.[119] WordCamp San Francisco 2014 was the last official annual conference of WordPress developers and users taking place in San Francisco, having now been replaced with WordCamp US.[123] First ran in 2013 as WordCamp Europe, regional WordCamps in other geographical regions are held with the aim of connecting people who aren't already active in their local communities and inspire attendees to start user communities in their hometowns.[124] In 2019, the Nordic region had its own WordCamp Nordic.[125][126] The first WordCamp Asia was to be held in 2020,[127] but cancelled due to the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic.[128] WordPress' primary support website is WordPress.org.

This support website hosts both WordPress Codex, the online manual for WordPress and a living repository for WordPress information and documentation,[129] and WordPress Forums, an active online community of WordPress users.[130]

K-pop Dance Festival

K-pop Dance Festival is Wii-only Dance video game developed and published by Skonec Entertainment.

This game was released April 25, 2013 for South Korea.

This game includes 3 difficulty modes.

{Includes 26 K-pop Songs}[1]

Ash Ketchum

Ash Ketchum, known as Satoshi (サトシ) in Japan, is a fictional character in the Pokémon franchise owned by Nintendo.

He is the protagonist of the Pokémon anime and certain manga series as well as on various merchandise related to the franchise.

In Japanese, the character is voiced by Rika Matsumoto, and Hana Takeda.

In the English dub, he was voiced by Veronica Taylor in the first eight seasons and has been voiced by Sarah Natochenny since season 9.

In the Korean dub, he was voiced by Choi Deok-Hui in the first five seasons and first two movies, An Hyeon-Seo in Pokémon movies 3 through 5, and has been voiced by Lee Seon-ho since season 6 and the sixth Pokémon movie.

His English name is derived from the Japanese name (as the letters 'ash' are included in 'Satoshi') and his English motto is derived from the Japanese motto (as the letters 'Gotta catch ém all!' are included in 'Pokémon getto da ze!').

Ash's dream is to become a Pokémon Master.

He is loosely based on Red, the player character from the Generation I games Pokémon Red, Green, Blue and Yellow as well as the Generation III games Pokémon FireRed and LeafGreen versions.

The character's first official appearance in a game was in Pokémon Puzzle League.

Satoshi Tajiri, the creator of Pokémon, with whom Ash shares his Japanese name, has stated that Ash represents the 'human aspect' of the series, and that Ash reflects what he himself was like as a kid.[3] As the protagonist of the Pokémon anime, Ash has appeared in all episodes of the anime, all the films and several of the television specials.

Due to the huge popularity, success, and longevity of the Pokémon anime series around the world since its debut,[4] Ash has gone on to become one of the most well-known and recognizable fictional characters of all-time[5][6] due to his status as the protagonist of the Pokémon anime.[7] However, he is often overshadowed in series representation by the franchise mascot, Pikachu.

Despite this, Ash, along with others from the series,[8] is considered a pop culture icon, and a figurehead character of the wave of anime in the late 90s; which is credited by most anime fans as having popularized anime in the west, alongside others such as Goku of Dragon Ball Z , Yugi of Yu-Gi-Oh!, and Sailor Moon of the show of the same name.

He is also considered a major icon for Japanese pop culture in the United States.

Ash has been criticized for being stuck in a 'floating timeline', as well as for his inability to win any major Pokémon leagues until the 22nd season of the anime.[9][10] However, his longevity and persistence have also been positively received by major news outlets such as CNN and BBC, as they are seen to represent that it's never too late to achieve one's dreams.[11][12] Ash's outfits through the anime,[13] especially his various hats, are also considered to be just as iconic as him,[14] and also have good reception,[15][16] in particular, his first costume from the original series.

Named after creator Satoshi Tajiri,[17] Satoshi, whose name can be taken to mean "wisdom" or "reason", was designed by Ken Sugimori and Atsuko Nishida,[18] and intended to represent how Tajiri was as a child, obsessed with catching bugs.

During localization of both for North American audiences, the character's name was changed in the anime to "Ash Ketchum", the first name taken from one of the possible default names players could select for the player character in Pokémon Red and Blue, and the surname tying into the former tagline (and as of Pokémon XY revived) for the series, "Gotta catch ém all!" ("ポケモンGETだぜ!", "Pokémon getto da ze!").[19] Tajiri noted in an interview that between Japanese and US reactions to the series, Japanese consumers focused on the character Pikachu, while the US purchased more items featuring Ash and Pikachu, his Pokémon, together.

He stated that he felt the character represented the concept of the franchise, the human aspect, and was a necessity.[20] The character was given a rival named Gary Oak (Shigeru Okido in the Japanese version, after Tajiri's idol/mentor, Nintendo legend Shigeru Miyamoto), loosely based on Red's rival Blue.

In an interview Tajiri noted the contrast between the characters' relationship in the games and anime; while in the games they were rivals, in the anime, Shigeru represented Satoshi's master.

When asked if either Satoshi would equal or surpass Shigeru, Tajiri replied "No! Never!"[17] Ash's character design was initially overseen by Sayuri Ichishi, replaced by Toshiya Yamada during the Diamond and Pearl storyline arc.

Ash received a redesign in the Best Wishes! series, which included larger brown irises.

In the XY series, he received minor changes, such as a decrease in the size of the 'birthmarks' on his cheeks.

Ash received a major design overhaul for the Sun and Moon anime series, which started airing in Japan on November 17, 2016.[21] In Japan throughout the anime media, Rika Matsumoto has always provided the original Japanese voice of Ash, and Hana Takeda.

For the English dubbing, Veronica Taylor provided the voice of Ash in the first eight seasons of the English adaption of the Pokémon anime, which was dubbed by 4Kids Entertainment.

At the time of her audition, Taylor stated that the character was temporarily named Casey, which was the name later given to a recurring character in Johto.

After the script was translated from Japanese, the lines were adapted to fit the movements of the character's mouth (called lip flap).

All the voices were recorded separately, so Taylor was the only one in the booth when she recorded her lines, which took approximately six to eight hours per episode.

Taylor was often the first person to record, so she had to "imagine how the previous line will be said".

"Luckily, I work with a great director who helps with the interpretation of the line, matching of the lip flap, and consistency of the voice".

Taylor enjoyed playing Ash because of his "low, husky voice" and "energy and excitement".[22] Taylor commented that Ash and the other characters "loosened up" after the first ten episodes of the anime; she believed the writers were more relaxed and no longer felt the pressure of making sure everything was done correctly.

Taylor commented: "I enjoy playing Ash now much more than I did in the very beginning because I can have fun with him more, and we kind of know him and can work out how he really would react.

We have the classic Ash responses and things like that."[22] Sarah Natochenny replaced Taylor in season nine when The Pokémon Company International (known at that time as Pokémon USA) took over the licensing, prompting a shift in recording studios.[23] For the Korean dubbing, Choi Deok-Hui provided the voice of Ash in the first five seasons and first two movies of the Korean adaption of the Pokémon anime, which was dubbed by Seoul Broadcasting System.

An Hyeon-Seo replaced Deok-Hui in Pokémon movies three through five.

Lee Seon-ho replaced Hyeon-Seo in season 6 and in the sixth Pokemon movie.

In episode 28 of the nineteenth season (Pokémon the Series: XYZ), 'Seeing the Forest for the Trees!,' It reveals the true story of why Ash Ketchum loved Pokémon, when he was a little boy, Ash went to the forest to look for wild Pokémon.

However, during the trip in the woods, it started to rain, and Ash got lost and was so scare to the point of bursting into tears.

Ash was forced to take shelter under a hollow tree.

However, he noticed a group of Pokémon who were also seeking shelter from the rain.

So, he invited them inside the tree and the Pokémon kept him safe and warm.[26] This experience is what inspired Ash into becoming a Pokémon trainer.

In the first episode of the twenty-third season (Pokémon the Series: Sword and Shield), Ash at the age of six asked his mother if he can go to Professor Oak's Pokémon Summer Camp which she happily signed him up.

However, Ash missed the camp due to breaking his alarm clock and overslept.

In episode 7 of the seventeenth season (XY series), 'Giving Chase at the Rhyhorn Race!,' Ash attend another one Professor Oak's Pokémon Summer Camp, where he had previously met childhood friend Serena.[27] At one point during the camp, Serena had hurt her knee from falling over after being startled by a Poliwag.

Ash had used his handkerchief to wrap up her injury, which she had kept, and returns to Ash in this episode.

In episode 58 of the fifth season (Master Quest), 'The Ties That Bind!,' Ash started his rivalry with Gary, Professor Oak grandson, after they both fished out an old PokéBall then broke it in half.

After that, Ash and Gary kept both half as a reminder of the day they started their rivalry.

The series starts with the episode 'Pokémon, I Choose You!', with Ash's tenth birthday, which according to Pokémon trainer registration bylaws allowed him to become a full-fledged Pokémon trainer and obtain a starter Pokémon.

As a ten-year-old hailing from Pallet Town in the Kanto region, Ash was offered a choice between three Pokémon as his starter: Bulbasaur, Squirtle and Charmander.

While he was planning to choose Squirtle, he received the electric type Pokémon Pikachu from Professor Oak instead in this episode, because he woke up late and all the other starter Pokémon had been taken by other trainers.

After receiving Pikachu and a Pokédex, Ash left Pallet Town to start his journey.

Since then Ash has traveled the world of Pokémon, competed in many challenges and caught newer Pokémon.

He has met many companions, such as Misty and Brock.

Throughout the series, Ash's primary enemies are a criminal organization called Team Rocket, specifically the two comical and bumbling members, Jessie and James, and their talking Meowth, who is essentially the third member of the group.

Ever since being defeated by Ash's Pikachu in the second episode, "Pokémon Emergency!", the three of them have obsessively never stopped chasing after them to steal Ash's Pikachu, maintaining the delusion that Pikachu is abnormally powerful and presenting it to their criminal boss would make them very rich.

As the enduring comical villains of the series, the Team Rocket trio occasionally show signs of goodness, such as care and friendship with their Pokémon and each other, and despite their constant antagonism, they occasionally put their differences aside and work together with Ash against a common threat, such as in Pokémon: The Movie 2000, where they aid Ash in retrieving the three treasures in order to save the world.

During his travels, Ash still had a lot to learn as a trainer.

He caught his Pokémon by merely befriending them, knew absolutely nothing about battling, and many of his gym badges were earned rather controversially.

In fact, the only legitimate victories were over Lt.

Surge, Koga, and Blaine, while the others were earned on technical convenience or given to him out of gratitude.

Ash also shows a deep love for Pokémon in the series, protecting wild Pokémon or his own from getting injured or trying to help them, despite getting significantly hurt himself.

He honed his skill as a Pokémon trainer and was able to get all 8 badges, enabling him to compete in the Indigo League.

Ash was able to go to the 5th round, and achieve the Top 16 — one round further than his competitive rival Gary, who finished in the Top 32.

However, due to his inexperience in handling his more powerful Pokémon, Ash was eliminated from his first Pokémon League competition in a very unflattering manner, which greatly disappointed him but he got over it and vowed to not make the same mistake in a league again.

Ash traveled to the Orange Islands with Misty and Tracey Sketchit, a Pokémon watcher, obtained all 4 badges and competed in the Orange League to battle Drake, the Orange League Champion.

Ash was able to win his battle against Drake, giving him his first League Championship as a Pokémon trainer.

This particular Pokémon League exists only in the anime series, and not adapted from the video game series.

He then traveled on to the Johto region with Brock and Misty, hoping to meet with Gary and finally defeat him in the Johto League.

He won 8 badges and competed in the Johto Conference.

Ash beat Gary again, in the 1st round of the conference, and was able to make it to the quarter-finals, and achieve Top 8.

However, he lost against his new rival Harrison in the 2nd round.

Ash then moved on and traveled through the Hoenn region, along with Brock and two new characters: May, an aspiring Pokémon coordinator, and her younger brother Max, and together they ended up bringing down the rival teams Team Magma and Team Aqua.

He was able to get all 8 badges and then competed in the Hoenn Conference.

Ash was able to defeat his 1st new rival Morrison, in the 2nd round, also entering in the quarter-finals, and achieving Top 8 again.

However, he lost in the 3rd round against his 2nd new rival Tyson.

Having gone through several leagues and gotten a lot stronger, Ash decided to challenge the Kanto "Battle Frontier" and its 7 Brains (leaders).

Ash defeated all of the Brains and acquired all the 7 Battle Frontier symbols, becoming a "Strong Battle Frontier champion" and qualifying for becoming a Frontier Brain himself.

However, Ash, wanting to learn more about Pokémon and get even stronger, decided to continue his journey, not as a Frontier Brain, but as a trainer.

However, having acquired all 7 symbols, he left with the privilege of becoming a Frontier Brain if and when he wants in the future.

Ash, along with Brock, traveled to Sinnoh, befriended a new traveling companion, Dawn, and also found a brutal new rival in Paul; and through their journey they encountered and defeated Team Galactic.

Ash won all 8 Sinnoh gym badges and competed in the Sinnoh conference at the Lily of the Valley Island.

He eventually faced Paul in the quarter-finals of the Sinnoh League Festival and finally defeated him, marking the first time Ash has ever made it into the semi-finals in a Pokémon League.

Afterwards, however, Ash was matched against Tobias, a trainer who famously swept all eight Sinnoh League gyms and all other opponents with only his legendary Pokémon Darkrai.

Ash was eventually defeated by Tobias, but not without having defeated his Darkrai, as well as his Latios, which is also a legendary Pokémon, whom Ash also defeated in a draw with his final Pokémon, making Ash the only known trainer to have defeated two of Tobias' legendary Pokémon, something that not even Tobias' opponent in the finals could achieve.

Ash concluded his participation in the Sinnoh League with an impressive new ranking.

He bade farewell with Dawn in Twinleaf Town, and parted ways with Brock for the last time.

Once again, Ash continued his journey to the Unova region, with only his Pikachu.

Here, he met and traveled with two new companions: a female trainer named Iris, and a Pokémon Connoisseur named Cilan, who, like Brock before him, is a gym leader.

Throughout Unova, Ash met and competed against more rivals than before, including Trip, Bianca, Stephan, Cameron, and Virgil, most of whom he befriended.

Unlike previous seasons, Ash notoriously displayed a drop in skill and competence, and instead regressed back to a beginner, showing little of his previous expertise and relearned many of the basics of catching Pokémon (though this may have been due to over-excitement of entering a new region with exclusive Pokémon, and slowly wore off as the seasons went on).

However, Ash still managed to win all eight gym badges in Unova and then entered the Unova League, where he defeated his arrogant rival, Trip, in the first match, but was defeated by Cameron in the quarter-finals, one match below his previous Pokémon League ranking.

Cameron was then defeated by Virgil, who went on to win the League with his team of Eevee evolutions.

Also unlike previous seasons, Ash battled against a much more malevolent Team Rocket, as well as the evil Team Plasma.

After his latest attempt to compete in the Unova League, and foiling both Team Rocket and Team Plasma's attempts to enslave Pokémon to conquer the world, Ash's friends traveled with him back to Kanto, where they parted to go own their ways and bade each other farewell.

Ash then ventured to the Kalos region to challenge the Kalos League, as well as learn more about Mega Evolution, a transformation that can take certain fully evolved Pokémon to a more powerful temporary form.

While there, he began traveling with the siblings Clemont and Bonnie, along with Serena, whom he had met during a Pokémon summer camp in Pallet Town when they were much younger.

They met new rivals like Sawyer, Shauna, Tierno, Trevor, and Alain.

While in Kalos, Ash befriended and acquired new Pokémon, including Froakie, which later evolved into a powerful Greninja.

Although Ash did not yet have a Pokémon that can mega-evolve (at least not in his current party), the group discovered that his Greninja was capable of "Bond Phenomenon", a transformation where Ash and Greninja connect mentally and Greninja's body changes to a color scheme resembling Ash.

Like Mega Evolution, the transformation is temporary and makes "Ash-Greninja" much more powerful and well capable of defeating mega-evolved Pokémon.

Currently, no other known Pokémon in existence is capable of Bond Phenomenon, and several rivals took great interest in competing with it in the Kalos League with their own mega-evolving Pokémon.

In a stark contrast to the Unova seasons (at least in the beginning), Ash displayed a greater deal of maturity and skill throughout the Kalos seasons, even becoming something of a mentor to his traveling companions.

Like before, Ash earned all eight gym badges qualifying him to compete in the Kalos League, and with his newest Pokémon, Ash defeated many opponents and their mega-evolved Pokémon, advancing all the way to the finals, breaking his previous highest ranking, but was defeated by Alain.[28] After the tournament, Ash and his friends got involved in Team Flare, the local evil organization, final operation to take over Kalos.

During the crisis, Ash and his Pokémon were captured by Team Flare, who unlike Team Rocket and the previous evil organizations, Team Magma and Team Galactic, he dealt with in the past who captured him so he wouldn't meddle in their plans or used him as a hostage, as their leader, Lysandre, wanted to use him alongside Greninja for his plans.

Ash's other Pokémon were used by Team Flare as hostages in an attempt to get Ash and Greninja to cooperate.

Team Flare used a mini version of their device, capable of controlling Zygarde, in an attempt to control Ash along with Greninja for their Bond Phenomenon while Pikachu and the rest of Ash's Kalos Pokémon watched in shock.

However, Ash, who was able to hear Pikachu's voice, and Greninja resisted Team Flare's control as they couldn't break their fighting spirit and the bond they share for their friends and each other then used Bond Phenomenon to break free from their restraints.

After Alain freed Ash's Pokémon from their restraints, Ash and his Pokémon were ready to stop Team Flare once and for all with Alain, who was once a Team Flare member, but decided to help stop them as he saw through his mistakes and due to his friendship with Ash as well, helping.

Once Team Flare was stopped, Ash released Greninja to help protect Kalos from other threats.

Ash and Greninja also wanted to keep themselves and their friends, especially Pikachu and the rest of the Kalos members, out of harm ways knowing that someone like Team Flare would not only try to use their abilities for evil, but would also use anyone close to them as hostages in an attempt to get what they want.

Ash then bade farewell to his friends, before returning to Pallet Town once again.

During a vacation with his mother on Melemele Island in the Alola Region, Ash had an encounter with Tapu Koko, one of the local Island Guardian Pokémon, who gave him a Z-Ring, an item that allows a Trainer to bring forth super-powered attacks from their Pokémon.

When Ash used the Z-Ring for the first time with Pikachu, it produced a massive surge of energy that overloaded and shattered the Z-Crystal that powered it, making Ash realize that he needed to learn to control it.

In order to master the power of the Z-Ring, Ash then decided to stay in Alola and enrolls at the Pokémon School, living with Professor Kukui and studying with his new classmates: Lana, Mallow, Lillie, Sophocles and Kiawe while battling against Team Rocket & Team Skull.

During his stay in Alola, Ash not only encountered many new varieties of Pokémon, some of which became part of his new Pokémon team, but also competed in the Alolan Island Challenges, each of which led to a Grand Trial against each of the Island Kahunas; emerging victorious in both the Challenges and Trials, Ash received different Z-Crystals.

With the discovery of Pokémon from other dimensions, known as Ultra Beasts, emerging through wormholes, Ash and his classmates became part of the Ultra Guardians team, charged with capturing the Ultra Beasts and returning them to their own dimensions.

Ash later participated in the Alola League, resulting in his first Pokémon League conference championship win in his career as a Pokémon Trainer and breaking his last League ranking.[9] After the League was done, Ash decided to go back to Pallet Town once again to continue his journey then bid farewell to his friends before setting off to his hometown.

Ash went to a grand opening of a new research facility in Vermilion City with Professor Oak and his mom.

After meeting Lugia and befriending a new Trainer named Go, Ash accepted the head professor of the new research facility's offer to be a special assistant alongside his new friend.

After accepting the offer, Ash decided to stay in Vermilion City as he and Go will be traveling all over the world to gather information on Pokémon.

During his journey, Ash learns about Dynamax and even received a Dynamax band from the current world champion Leon, who is also the Galar Region champion.

After seeing that his Pikachu can Gigantamax and losing an unofficial battle against Leon, Ash decided to compete in the World Championships so he can climb up the ranks and have an official battle against the current world champion one day.

Ash has considerably improved his abilities as a trainer over the course of the series.

However, his earnestness and determination remain the same.

During the first season of the series, Ash trained to catch more Pokémon than his childhood rival, Gary Oak, although he was always shown to be the stronger trainer.

He soon began to focus more on each of his Pokémon's abilities.

Ash has shown to have the ability to sense and control Aura, which was mainly used with either with Rioul or Lucario.

Also, Ash can use Bond Phenomenon, which he used with one of his Pokémon.

Through his love for Pokémon, Ash seems to understand the feelings of them as he sometimes shares a link with them as he senses their pain, see their thoughts, memories, have them appear in his dream as a way of asking for his help for various reasons and hear what they are saying, although the abilities are usually shown mainly with Legendary Pokémon but it was once shown with a Mythical Pokémon.

Also, Ash has shown to sometimes sense a Pokémon presences or when one is coming.

Although he got involved and ended up getting captured by Team Rocket and an evil organization from his past journeys for various reasons, Ash did avoid getting captured or gotten away from a couple of evil organizations, Team Aqua, Team Plasma and Team Skull.

Over his journey so far, Ash has collected 8 badges from each of the major regions of Kanto, Johto, Hoenn, Sinnoh, Unova and Kalos.

In addition, he has also obtained 4 badges from the Orange Archipelago and defeated the Orange Islands Champion to gain the Winners' Trophy.[29] He has also collected all 7 Frontier Symbols from Generation III's Battle Frontier, and has been offered a position as a future Frontier Brain, which he declined.

In the Alola region, he has completed all the Island Grand Trials, Melemele, Akala, Ula'Ula and Poni Island.

Ash has generally improved in his Pokémon League Performances over time, placing in: Ash also participated in other championships, ash ranking in other championships are: The only video game Ash has truly appeared in to date is Pokémon Puzzle League, where he tries to become a Pokémon Puzzle Master.

This game was never released in Japan.

In Pokémon Red, Blue, Yellow, and the remakes of Red and Blue, a character very similar to Ash (named Red) appears as a playable character as well as in cameos in Pokémon Black 2, White 2, Gold, Silver, their remakes, Sun and Moon.

The anime re-imagined Red as Ash Ketchum, the same way it re-imagined Red's rival Blue as Gary Oak and Ethan (the protagonist of the second generation Pokémon games as well as their remakes) as Jimmy.

Although they are counterparts, they are not the same characters because they originate from different canons and thus developed from different experiences.

Though Pokémon Yellow has certain plot aspects that were inspired by the anime series, the player character is still named Red rather than Ash.[citation needed] In Pokémon Sun and Moon's demo, the player character, Sun, receives a letter from Ash, along with his Greninja, which is capable of assuming its "Ash-Greninja" form through its ability Battle Bond.

Ash also makes a cameo in Ghost Trial of the full game, where one may see a blurry photo of him and his Pikachu in the back room.

The portrayals of Ash in the manga The Electric Tale of Pikachu, and Ash & Pikachu, are very similar to the one in the anime.

There are key differences in the manga, though.

The Electric Tale of Pikachu is based on Ash's journey up until the end of the Orange Islands travel.

Ash is usually seen traveling by himself during the course of this manga although he is joined by Misty and Brock in Indigo sometimes.

Misty is the only one to join Ash in the Orange Islands.

The Ash & Pikachu manga is similar, although it has the episodes from the anime like "The Fortune Hunters" and "A Goldenrod Opportunity" combined, but with a couple of changes.

Manga author Toshihiro Ono cited Ash as one of his favorite characters to draw for the series, stating, "I want to go on a trip with Misty just like him! (And forget about job, rent, etc.)".[30] In Pokémon Adventures, Red depicts his appearance from what he wore in the games.

Although not parodied quite as frequently as the franchise mascot Pikachu, Ash still has many parodies and appearances in various other media, ranging from an unofficial fan-made film to several representations in web media, including many parodies on the YouTube channel Smosh.[31] Ash makes a brief cameo in the animated series The Simpsons, when, in the episode "Postcards From the Wedge," the character Bart Simpson is watching TV while doing his homework, and a parody of the Pokémon anime appears on TV, starring Ash (in what appears to be a loose parody of his Diamond & Pearl outfit) and Pikachu.

Bart remarks "Wow, how does this show stay so fresh?", which is both a reference to the length of the anime, as well as referencing the length of The Simpsons itself in an ironic way.

In the episode "The Perspiration Implementation" of the TV show The Big Bang Theory, Ash is mentioned by the character Sheldon Cooper when he attempts to ask a girl out by saying "And as Ash Ketchum said to Pikachu, I choose you.",[32] which specifically references how Pikachu was Ash's first Pokémon.

In the episode "Chinpokomon" of the animated show South Park, a parody of Ash makes an appearance, along with a parody of Team Rocket's James, as characters in a TV show parodying Pokémon.

The title itself is a reference to Pokémon.

A character wearing Ash's League Expo hat makes a cameo in the 4th episode of the 4th season of Rick and Morty.[33] Ash also makes appearances in several segments of the show Robot Chicken, including "Poké Ball High Life" and "Pokémon Tennis." In the show The Norm Show, the character Tommy thinks that he is Ash, and faces off against the character Norm in the episode "Artie comes to town."[34] In the Japanese Light Novel series Highschool DxD, the character of the familiar master Zatouji is a clear parody of Ash, even his catchphrase being "Gotta catch 'em all!"[35] Ash also features in an ADHD Short segment called "Pikachu gets Pokémon rabies."[36] A man wearing Ash's original outfit also appears in a few Taiwanese Subway ads teaching passengers basic safety procedures.[37][38][39] A man wearing Ash's original League Expo hat is also shown in the third episode of season 4 of the show Metalocalypse.

In the episode "Johnny'mon" of the cartoon show Johnny Test, the character Blast Ketchup is a blatant parody of Ash Ketchum.

The title is also a parody of Pokémon.

A boy wearing Ash's attire from the Original Series can be seen in the episode 'Operation Archive' of Codename: Kids Next Door.[40] Ash also appears in the Captain Tsubasa (2018) series as a spectator, in his Sun and Moon attire.[41] In the game Overwatch, the character Hanzo says the line "I choose you, spirit dragon," which is a reference to the phrase Ash frequently uses when sending out one of his Pokémon to battle, such as "Pikachu, I choose you!"[42] Ash also made a brief appearance on The Late Show with Stephen Colbert, where he has a 'Pokémon battle' against Cartoon Donald Trump with Special Prosecutor Robert Mueller.[43][44] The book The Japanification of Children's Popular Culture cited Ash as an example of cultural identification, with the character going through similar motions players of the games had to in order to progress through them.[45] It additionally emphasized the character's growth and development as the anime series progressed.[46] UGO.com noted his hat as iconic and one of the coolest headgear in gaming, while Jian DeLeon of Complex praised him as "stylish," particularly his very first design.[47][48] The Guinness Book of World Records 2011 Game Edition lists Ash as coming 37th out of 50 in a readers' poll of their favorite video game characters.[49] However, he has been criticized by IGN for staying the same age, his lack of success, and the ambiguity about his father.[50] Ash has also garnered praise for serving as a role-model to children, and for his persistence despite being an underdog by Business Insider Australia.[51] He has also been cited as a character that incentivizes trying to be the best person you can be, rather than the strongest, or most qualified by the BBC.[52] Ash's Manalo Conference win has been compared to basketball player LeBron James winning his first ring and film director Martin Scorsese winning his first Oscar.[53] On August 18, 2016, the XYZ episode Kalos League Victory! Satoshi's Greatest Decisive Battle (カロスリーグ優勝！サトシ頂上決戦, Karosurīgu yūshō! Satoshi chōjō kessen) (Down to the Fiery Finish! in the English dub) faced criticism from fans when Ash lost the Kalos League against Alain.

The fans specifically criticized the episode due to misleading trailers that suggested that Ash would win the battle and because Ash had lost all of the Pokémon Leagues in past seasons.[28][54][55] Fans also disliked the outcome because they believed that Ash's Greninja had many advantages over Alain's Charizard, including the fact that water-type Pokémon are capable of critically defeating fire-type Pokémon,[56] and that the rare Bond Phenomenon Ash's Greninja was subject to was said to be far more powerful than a conventional Mega Evolution.

Several animators of the series also expressed disappointment that Ash had lost.[57] TV Tokyo's YouTube upload of the teaser of the next episode received an overwhelming number of dislikes as a result of the outcome.[56] On IMDb, the episode became one of the lowest-rated episodes of the entire anime.[58] A Change.org petition asking that an alternate ending be created in which Ash wins received more than 3,900 signatures.

Boombayah

"Boombayah" (Korean: 붐바야; RR: Bumbaya) is the debut single of South Korean girl group Blackpink.

It was released coupled with "Whistle" as a digital single album titled Square One, on August 8, 2016 by YG Entertainment.

"Boombayah" topped the Billboard World Digital Songs chart in the first week of sales.

"Boombayah" was released on August 8, 2016 at 8 p.m.

KST as a digital single titled Square One, coupled with "Whistle", through various digital music portals in South Korea.[4][1] The music video for "Boombayah" was directed by Seo Hyun-seung,[5] and it was released on Blackpink's official YouTube channel on August 8, 2016.[6][7] On January 31, 2017, the music video for "Boombayah" hit 100 million views on YouTube, which makes Blackpink the fifth K-pop girl group to reach 100 million views, as well as the fastest debut music video of any K-pop act to reach this milestone.

As of April 2020, the video has surpassed 800 million views.

Blackpink promoted "Boombayah" at their debut stage on SBS' Inkigayo on August 14, 2016.[8][9] They subsequently promoted the song for the two following weeks on Inkigayo,[10][11] and also performed "Boombayah" at the 26th Seoul Music Awards on January 19, 2017.[12].

Billboard K-Town's Jeff Benjamin said that they "embrace the hip-hop sensibilities and club-ready sounds with which their seniors gained an international following", referring to their labelmates Psy, Big Bang and 2NE1.

He said "Boombayah" has "booming, exotic beats".[13] "Boombayah" entered at number 7 with 88,215 downloads sold and 1,866,737 streams in South Korea.[14][15][16] In the United States, "Boombayah" topped Billboard's World Digital Songs for the week August 27, 2016.[17][18] In its second week on the chart, "Whistle" placed at number 3 for the week September 3, 2016.[19]

Programming team

A Programming team is a team of people who develop or maintain computer software.[1] They may be organised in numerous ways, but the egoless Programming team and chief programmer team have been common structures.[2] A Programming team comprises people who develop or maintain computer software.[3] Programming teams may be organised in numerous ways, but the egoless Programming team and chief programmer team are two common structures typically used.[2] The main determinants when choosing the Programming team structure typically include: difficulty, size, duration, modularity, reliability, time, and sociability.[2] According to Marilyn Mantei, individuals that are a part of a decentralized Programming team report higher job satisfaction.[2] But an egoless Programming team contains groups of ten or fewer programmers.

Code is exchanged and goals are set amongst the group members.

Leadership is rotated within the group according to the needs and abilities required during a specific time.

The lack of structure in the egoless team can result in a weakness of efficiency, effectiveness, and error detection for large-scale projects.

Egoless Programming teams work best for tasks that are very complex.

A chief programmer team will usually contain three-person teams consisting of a chief programmer, senior level programmer, and a program librarian.

Additional programmers and analysts are added to the team when necessary.

The weaknesses of this structure include a lack of communication across team members, task cooperation, and complex task completion.

The chief programmer team works best for tasks that are simpler and straightforward since the flow of information in the team is limited.

Individuals that work in this team structure typically report lower work morale.[2] A development technique where two programmers work together at one workstation.

A software development approach where the whole team works on the same thing, at the same time, in the same space, and at the same computer.

Programming models allow software development teams to develop, deploy, and test projects using these different methodologies.

The waterfall model, noted as the more traditional[4] approach, is a linear model of production.

The sequence of events of this methodology follows as: Each stage is distinct during the software development process, and each stage generally finishes before the next one can begin.

Programming teams using this model are able to design the project early on in the development process allowing teams to focus on coding and testing during the bulk of the work instead of constantly reiterating design.

This also allows teams to design completely and more carefully so that teams can have a complete understanding of all software deliverables.

The Agile development model is a more team-based approach to development[4] than the previous waterfall model.

Teams work in rapid delivery/deployment which splits work into phases called "sprints".

Sprints are usually defined as two weeks of planned software deliverables given to each team/team member.

After each sprint, work is reprioritized and the information learned from the previous sprint is used for future sprint planning.

As the sprint work is complete, it can be reviewed and evaluated by the Programming team and sent back for another iteration (i.e.

next sprint) or closed if completed.

The general principles[5] of the Agile Manifesto[6] are as follows:

Idol School (2017 TV series)

Idol School (Korean: 아이돌 학교) is a 2017 reality girl group survival show on Mnet.

It is a program that aims to form a 9-member girl group out of 41 female participants, training them in singing and dancing in the span of 11 weeks.[2] While branded as being similar to another Mnet survival program, Produce 101, the show differs from it in its participants, voting system, and number of winners that will form the final group, and also how they would treat the eliminated contestants.

They may still be able to debut in the 'normal class' in the future, if they choose to take the offer to continue studying in a different class off-campus under less public scrutiny.[3][4] The show premiered on July 13, 2017, with the final episode on September 29, 2017.

The new group is called Fromis 9, meaning "From Idol School", but pronounced similar to "Promise" in Korean, and the final line means the never-ending possibilities and the promising and prosperous road ahead after graduation that would last forever.

The new group members will be trained and release albums through Pledis Entertainment, while their activities were managed by Stone Music Entertainment, as a joint venture with CJ E&M.

Although promoted as a survival program, Idol School, as its name suggests, is similar to an actual school wherein for a total of 11 weeks, the participants will receive lessons in not only singing and dancing, but also the history of K-pop and everything that comes with being an idol in South Korea, such as mental training and appearing in public.

Producer Shin Yu-seon stated that they started recruiting participants in April 2017.

Only female trainees aged 13 (Korean age) and above who are not trainees of any entertainment company are allowed to join.

The producer also clarified that former trainees and even former singers were also given the chance to participate.

This caused some controversy as some people felt that it goes against its concept of 'training ordinary students' but despite this, a number of female participants who have previously trained under entertainment companies have made the cut.[2] Viewers will vote live every episode and the students' 'grades' will be completely determined by it.[5] The decision to form a 9-person group was also decided by pre-show voting, where the choice was between 5-13.

The cost of phone voting is 100 won, and all the money collected will be donated to CJ Donors Camp.

Super Junior member Kim Hee-chul would act as the show's 'homeroom teacher' while veteran actor Lee Soon-jae would be the principal of the school.

The participants will be taught by several teachers: Singer and S.E.S member Bada will be a vocal and performance trainer along with S.M.

Entertainment vocal trainer Jang Jin-young.

Dance will be taught by choreographer Park Jun-hee and singer Stephanie.

Black Eyed Pilseung will produce the music.[2] Kim Il-jeong serves as the MC for Debut Diagnostics Exams and School Entrance Ceremony.

After the introduction of the show from the acting principal, Lee Soon-jae, the girls enter the classroom one by one, a video of the audition tape of the next student to enter playing on the screen in front of them.

The girls begin their lessons with a vocal evaluation, singing "Into the New World" by Girls' Generation as the trainers Bada and Jang Jin-young rank them vocally in which Natty places first.

Meanwhile, Lee Hae-in surprises people by doing poorly after losing her voice and another contestant, Som Hye-in, struggles with the lyrics.[6] They then started dance lessons with Park Jun-hee and Stephanie, where students must learn re-choreographed version of "Treasure" by Bruno Mars and "Deja Vu" by Beyonce with both songs' chorus looped on a cycle.

Each group of 10 must keep dancing until they got picked off to rest, thus getting the pass from the instructors.

Stephanie asked Bae Eun-yeong to step in to teach Yoo Ji-na during free practice.

For the evaluation, Tasha ranked first while Jeong So-mi was last, scoring 1 point.

Som Hye-in once again faced difficulties during the assessment and had been vomiting in the bathroom.

Fitness instructor Yoon Tae-shik who has trained celebrities also performed a physical endurance test focusing on the lower body, especially hips, gluteal muscles and thighs with the students.

First was a paired shadow-sitting competition, but at the individual chair-sitting competition, Kim Eun-suh lasted the longest, thus getting the maximum 10 points.

Yoo Ji-Na came last out of the healthy participants, thus scoring only 0.4 points.

After completing the entrance tests, the top student with the highest grades was announced, and Natty was congratulated during the opening ceremony with the faculty and the class, as was named class president.

The students also begin their military-like dorm life, sleeping in one large room that'll fit all 40 of the students which would also be inspected regularly by a supervisor if a student earns 15 demerit points, they will be expelled.

Yeo Kyung-sun.

While the other students were sleeping Som Hye-in made the decision to leave the show due to poor health.

At the end of the episode, they revealed the voting results, ranking of the 40 students and Top 9 students with Lee Hae-in ranking first.

Students go through a morning run where they must also sing the school anthem in order to boost their lung capacity, cardiovascular fitness and correct vocalization technique.

After the morning run and breakfast, they have a class about memorable killing part, and have practice recording.

Lee Hae-In, who lost her voice the day before, had still not 100% recovered from a cold, but did well in the practice.

After the buffet-style lunch, they get a new dance break, where Song Ha-young and Natty won the dance break parts in the MV, thus becoming dual-centers of the mass dance.

They also record the MV for the school anthem where they have to be able to capture their memorable "killing part".

The students also saw a dance performance from Illusion, a 32-mixed-student dance crew from university, which was for recording the promo video, where there are many intricate formation changes based on the letters W, X, 111, V and two V's stacked on each other, and must get into each formation in 16 beats (4 bars).

Kim Na-yeon was the worst student in the mid-way point of the broadcast, so she had to plead for votes at the end of the live update.

In the formation practice, Lee Si-an struggled again, having already been singled-out as a poor dancer the day before.

Then 10 more were singled out due to lack of individual co-ordination, but they managed to improve on the third try.

Yoo Ji-Na, on the other hand, was praised after noticing the problems with the details of the formation, despite being a poor individual dancer yesterday.

Bae Eun Yeong was also praised for her continued support of the group despite being set in the corner and stuck in the back half of the group, thus showing great leadership.

It also gave them a lesson to acknowledge each other's differences in expressing frustration and signs for asking help.

So peer-study pairs are formed, where an older, or stronger dancer will take care of the weaker one.

In the evening, they start self-study of the dance, led by Song Ha-young and Natty.

Tasha and Bin Ha-neul (Sky) are tasked to check the formation, and the picked the five students that struggled (Kim Ju-hyun, Snowbaby, Yoo Ji-na, Jo Se-rim, and Lee Si-an) to train all night.

Next morning, the two youngest members, Michelle White and Park Sun are called to meet the principal to see how they are coping.

Special teacher Sol Bi is introduced for a class in Psychological Health Management.

She also used arts therapy to let student express themselves because Sol Bi used art as an outlet as well.

In the evaluation before the actual MV recording, it appeared the plan failed, the four are told to never use this method again.

In the MV taping the day after, they only have 3 chances to perform as a whole 40-student squad, or else, the 10 worst students would not be in the MV.

While Lee Si-an and Park Ji-won kept splitting off on the right side (on screen) of the W, They managed to perform as a whole group in the final take.

As Song Ha-young came first in the votes, she became the class president for the week.

Students start the first Debut Diagnostics Exam in a live dance and vocal performance in CJ E&M Building where they will be split into teams of 8, and they will cover a girl group song each.

The leaders are predetermined by the teachers based on performances thus far and contents of their diary, but the team members are picked by the preferences of the remaining students.

The best endurance on bar hang will determine the song picking order, and Killing part of each song are determined by the filming test (open to 15 students).

They also had a class where they must wear makeup that is fitting the songs that are performing, and must submit a practice video.

The bottom 8 students at the end of episode 4 will be expelled.

The other part of the Exam involves making a different types of variety shows.

This is to test their vocal stability while dancing, and completeness of the dance.

The winning group gains an Individual Ranking +1 card that is automatically in play in the final voting results, and also gains the opportunity to call their family.

Due to the +1 cards, Lee Sae-rom moved up to no.

9, Natty was bumped down to 10, meaning Natty would not had debuted if the team were to be picked.

Lee Yeong-yoo was saved by the +1 card, knocking Snowbaby into the bottom 8 and was eliminated instead.

Before the eliminated students were escorted out of the classroom, the principal gave a testimony to them and give them his well wishes.

However, they will be moved to normal class in Careers Club to study and be trained and housed separately from the remaining students, but with the same teachers, and it is optional, the 8 eliminated students all accepted the transfer offer.[3][4] Due to the uncertain status of the 8 eliminated students after they declined the offer to transfer to the "Normal Class" which they initially accepted,[7] the 5th episode is shifted back a week and the original timeslot showed highlights of the students thus far, including some behind-the-scenes footage.

Live voting was suspended and instead, the remaining students held 14 live broadcasts within the campus on the show's official Facebook page.

Originally set for 80 minutes, but due to technical difficulties, the broadcasts were delayed and the time restrictions were lifted.

The remaining students never started broadcasting until midnight, KST.

The second Diagnostics Exam was rescheduled to be held and recorded on August 13. The episode started with all 40 students having breakfast before the first class, where Bada started the class in their dorm room, and informed them that the group will be split into classes based on their advanced level on dancing and singing, their own and peer evaluation of ranking, then 3 classes on performance in general because many students had to try performing songs that never suit them. Each class will become a group for the second Debut Diagnostic Exam, with Advanced Class, Intermediate Classes and Beginner's Classes matching up against each other . The MVP Group can get a free midnight supper pass. In Performance Classes, taught by Stephanie, they learn to be able to find the operating camera and focus their eyes and body towards it, and jostle to ward the foreground in order to gain more screen time. In order to do this more accurately, the test was done with the ceiling lights off. As former trainees of JYP Entertainment, YG Entertainment and S.M. Entertainment respectively, Park Ji Won, Lee Seo Yeon and Seo He Rin excelled in the exercise. It was later revealed next episode that they also had an emotion management game where they must act out a scenario while dancing to a song. Dance Classes were taught by Park Jun-hee, where they focused on correct microphone usage and transfer to other members while moving and dancing. Vocal classes was taught by Jang jin-young, where they focused on cardiovascular fitness by singing on treadmill. Only Advanced Vocal class was revealed as Intermediate and Beginner's Class were filled by eliminated students. Heechul also brought the students to a dog shelter to do volunteer work in order to develop their empathy but was also considered a break for the students. Four groups were given tasks like walking, bathing and taking care of injured dogs while the rest cleaned the shelters. Jo Young Ju accepted the Certificate of Appreciation on behalf of the students. They later recorded videos to pledge for dog adoption which were posted on Auction, a shopping website similar to EBay. Heechul also conducted the practice progress test to assess them from the audience's point-of-view, so he can also predict voters' tendencies. The Advanced Performance Class A and B were the first to compete in the Midterm Exam, where all members of the team with the highest average score between live audience and teachers would gain one 'Ranking +3' card, plus the student that has shown the most improvement from the Basic Strength Exam to this Exam will gain two 'Ranking +3' cards that are automatically applied at the end of episode 6, which gives them a chance to go up 3 spots (6 for Most Improved Student) from their original ranking. The first team performed "Mr.Mr." by Girls' Generation and the second performed "Adrenaline" by the Girls' Generation subunit TaeTiSeo. The second team won with an average of 84.[8] The third team performed Hush by Miss A, but the scores are not revealed. In the end, the Top 9 at the end of episode 4 were seated, but at the end of live voting and last week's internet voting, Yoo Ji-na loses the Top 9 spot to Roh Ji-un and swapped seats. Also after episode 6, only 28 students will remain. The students are gathered ion the courtyard outside the clock tower, where the top 9's ranking progression charts were shown. It was also announced that 4 students will be eliminated. Advanced Dance Class chose BO$$ by Fifth Harmony with Park Jun-hee's recommendation. Advanced Vocal Class initially picked You and Me by IU, but was rejected by the teachers because it didn't suit them. They then picked Just In Love by S.E.S. because they want to get to the top half of the rankings and avoid last places and eliminations, while they also faced a team with all members in the top half of the rankings. For Vocal team's judging criteria, it would be vocal stability and harmony, the Advanced Dance team must have majority of their own choreography, and . Kim Eun-suh became the first student to be in charge of Killing Part twice in a row as she also did the Killing Part for Cheer Up last Exam. During Advanced Vocal Group's Practice, Jang Jin-young fixed Kim Na-yeon's vocals, and realized the song suits her very well, and her voice can be very similar to Sea (Bada), which was the reasons for her to get the Killing Parts which was also the high notes that Bada covered in the original song, but Na-yeon is actually the type that write many notes to aid her memory. After the performance, Heechul went over from the students' waiting room for Bada's reaction, and stated the song was not sung live often, and they did very well, and Advanced Vocal Group won the match-up in an upset. It would also give Jang Jin-young and Bada their only victory since Intermediate and Beginner's Vocal classes were already abolished due to last eliminations. Beginner's Performance Class was formed with 4 of the funniest mood makers outside of classes. They matched up against Beginner's Dance Class, which also must create parts of their own choreography. They picked Fin.K.L's Forever Love. They won by vocal abilities and camera sense. Jenny was featured in the Catallena group because of her famous father, yet she is lacking in many skills when she first started, especially vocally. Lee Si-an was praised in the progress checks for her stable vocals while dancing. However, they performed the worst out of the members and only averaged 68 points, and the individual scores were not shown. Intermediate Performance B was the team featuring many young students, and they decided to pick Pretty U by Seventeen, the only group to pick a male group against the A group, which performed Hush by Miss A. But the Pretty U group's biggest challenge is the fact that the 5 members (including Kim Eun-kyul, who was from the defunct Vocal Class) has to cover for 13 members, and they also have poor lower body strength, especially Kim Eun-kyul because she is the youngest student of the School and is the thinnest. Performance Team can also put in an Act. While they lost to Hush team, who got the highest average score, they were praised by the teachers for improved camera sense. Park Soo-myeong improved by 33.3 points between the Basic Strength Tests to midterm, so she gained an extra +3 card as she was in the winning team as well. She was praised for her overall improvement in dancing, fitness, live performance and camera sense. After the Exam, Heechul started an impromptu teacher-parent meetings as the students pack up. Next day, the losing teams went shopping in Reebok store in Seoul with Stephanie for new apparel. Next day, they prepare for phone calls and live streams with members of public. Next day, they write letters to Hechul for career advice. and he uses his experience in the industry to help them. Notably, Park Ji-won wanted to work on her comedic sense, given the school has no proper classes for such type of idols. In the end, all ranking bonuses are in play, Park So-myeong jumped to tie 6th after her two +3 cards, while Song Hayoung fell to 9th as 6 of the top 9 from last episode got +3 cards. Yoo Ji-na returns to top 9 at tie 6th, even with no bonus cards, meaning Lee Chae-young and Lee Hae-in are out of top 9. The eliminated students can still choose to stay with the school and continue studying in normal class. Lee Da-hee manages to stave off elimination with her +3 card (29th to 26th). With the eliminations of Kim Eun-kyul and Park Sun, 3 of the youngest students from episode 1 are eliminated. Lee Young-yoo, who starved off elimination last time due to her +1 card, was eliminated. Jo Yoo-bin was also eliminated to round out the second set of eliminated students. The 4 eliminated students had their part words after the elimination, they all left the school campus. As a Special Star Quality Exam (related but separate from the Debut Diagnostics Exam), the remaining students host a series of extracurricular live broadcasts of August 25 on Kakao TV, with the topics to be determined by online members, the winners are determined by viewership numbers, with the members in the programs get Rankings +1 Cards. The test is to see whether the members have individual charms and personalities to attract new fans, and become variety show stars. Lee Sae-rom and Song Hayoung's Yoga Class won and both got Ranking +1 cards that helped them get to the top 2 spots. The day after the special exam, Stephanie shared her experiences of living with 13 other trainees at one point, and how her ankles were badly damaged due to overuse by dancing on high heels for long periods of time, and took 5 years to repair, which included her major back injuries in 2010. She also announced the Idol Week leading to the final Debut Diagnostics Exam, where 10 students will be eliminated, and the final 18 will have the Lineup Exam to determine the final 9, with a set of Rankings +3 cards for the winning member of each also up for grabs, and is an intra-team individual competition. +3 cards will be later awarded to the winning group members for the highest overall scores. In the end, Park So Myeong fell out of the Top 9, Baek Ji-heon fell out of the Top 9 for the first time as she fell to 10th place, Lee Hae-in and Lee Chae-young returns to the top 9. Lee Da-hee rounded out the Top 18, while Sky is at 19th, which has her in danger of elimination. The show was shifted to 11pm (KST) to fill the timeslot after the end of Show Me The Money. The week is called "Idol Week" because each group of students will be in internship with current or former girl group members, and they can pick the song to perform as part of their third and final Debut Diagnostics Exam. For the songs they picked to practice, some of the original singers will visit them as their mentors. The songlists are (mentors): Initially, there was no maximum limit of members per song, but the students with the highest Exam score last time gets first pick, which was Park So-myung, but as the 'draft' unfolds, Wee Woo, No No No and Step got the most students as they are both easy to sing and are good for changing concepts, so the groups have over-saturated. On the other hand, Rough was the least popular due to its intricate and difficult choreography. After an hour of practice, they can choose to switch rooms, but with maximum number imposed based on current situation. After the members for each group are set, the next day, they set off to see the original members and mostly the practice rooms of the respective agencies. Then it skipped ahead the hours before the exam. The first group to perform was Wee Woo group, where they went to Pledis Entertainment's training room to get tips from Pristin, they corrected the true killing part of the song from the choreography point of view, then each member was assigned to Pristin's member for individual training, except for Park So-myeong, who had help from Yuha and Eunwoo as she was the worst dancer. The group was praised for finding the overhead camera in the group killing part, Lee Na-gyung showed marked improvement and Lee Seo Yeon got the rankings +3 card as the top member of the group, thus successfully transforming to a cutesy concept, Lee Sae-rom, who also had many sexy/sassy concept, came third. The second group to perform was Ooh-Ahh group. In the end, it was notable that Like Ooh-Aah group featured all former JYP trainees (Lee Chaeyoung, who returned after initially leaving to join Step group, but that group has all students in the danger zone, as the final 4 members are on the 19th-22nd bubble, Natty and Park Ji-won from Sixteen), and Song Ha-young was the sole member from the beginning, and volunteered as the leader as she is the oldest. Lee Chaeyoung, unlike Son Ha-young, was never known as a rapper, but managed to become the sub-rapper for Dahyun's part. It was particularly bittersweet from Natty and Jiwon as Momo and Mina taught them the hip swing dance in the song and asked about how Mina and Momo's lives changed after being on debut. In the end, Park Ji-won was third, Lee Chaeyoung beat Natty by 0.9 points to gain Rankings +3 card. The final group to perform in the episode was Step group. Tasha opted to showcase her rapping ability while Sky opted to sing the killing part while still teaching Lee Si-an the second rapping part, she wanted to transform from "class clown" and "ability black hole" to "sexy beauty". Her transformation is particularly tough because she also needed to go on a diet. However, she was praised by Hur Youngji for her restrained emotions. The group, like the last group, also had to practice hip movement dance. The team was praised for the way each member compliments each other. The group has the highest individual scores thus far. Lee Si-an came first with a score of 85.6, the highest so far, completing her most successful transformation. The full results and actual rankings were not revealed, but the top 9 students had changed again. Yoo Ji-na fell out of top 9, while Baek Ji-heon returns to top 9. In the end, only the top 9 students were revealed and ranked, the 3rd set of eliminated students will be revealed at the end of the next episode, setting up the final debut lineup for the top 18. The school campus is an English Village in Yangpyeong County, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. The Debut Diagnostics Exams occur inside CJ E&M Center Studio located in Sangam-dong, Mapo-gu, Seoul. On Episode 8, members went to various girl group idols' agencies in Seoul, including GFriend (Source Music), TWICE (JYP Entertainment), Pristin (Pledis Entertainment), Kara (DSP Media, as Hur Youngji remains with the company as a solo artist) as their 'internship' and exclusive training for the final exam. The song "Cause You're Pretty" (예쁘니까) which was sung by the 41 contestants, was released digitally by Mnet on July 13, the same day as the show's premiere. The contestants also performed the song on M! Countdown.[9] It also serves as a school anthem and ending theme song. The top 9 contestants are chosen through online voting combined with the live votes as the episode airs. At the end of episode 3, however, internet voting is suspended almost every even week, with exams to be held every odd week, so the votes are added from the internet voting of before episode 3 and live voting of episodes 3 & 4, plus ranking +X cards that are automatically in play. The results for episode 5 was based on live-voting results of episode 5 and internet voting last week. Results for episode 7 is based on Viewership voting on August 25, Internet voting before Episode 7 and live voting. Next round of internet voting resumed after episode 9, but only the top 9 were revealed. fromis_9 will be trained by Pledis Entertainment, headed by the CEO, Han Sung Soo as the producer and will be managing the group from the formation to the debut of the group. A reality program will document their journey during the transition period, and it will air every Friday from October 20, 2017. The new group is called fromis_9. The new group members will be trained and release albums through Pledis Entertainment, but Stone Music Entertainment will manage their activities as a joint venture with CJ E&M. In 2018, Jang Gyu-ri, who has already debuted with Fromis 9 and Jo Yu-ri all participated in Produce 48 as trainees of Stone Entertainment where Jo Yu-ri (15th) ended up debuting in the group Iz One after finishing in 3rd place. Jo Serim (40th) signed with Yuehua Entertainment, and made her debut as a lead vocalist of Everglow in March 2019 under the stage name Onda. Snowbaby (Cai Rui Xue, 34th) returned to Taiwan, and is now a Mandrin-language YouTuber, advertisement model and influencer. Park Sun (31st) joined Starship Entertainment as a trainee, and appeared on the MV of Love It, Live It by YDPP, a project boy group that participated in Produce 101 Season 2. Cho Yubin (30th) made her debut in 2018 as a main dancer and lead vocalist of Pink Fantasy from Mydoll Entertainment, as well as being the SHY subunit. Kim Myongji (27th) made her acting debut when she made a cameo in Mood Maker Lee Yoojung (26th) made her debut in 2019 as a main vocalist and guitarist for Ho1iday under Brickworks Company (Stage name: Haru). Following allegations of electoral fraud in Produce X 101 that resulted in a lawsuit, the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency also included Idol School in their investigation.[12] On October 3, 2019, a trainee of Idol School alleged anonymously that only 3-4 trainees, out of 4,000 applicants, had auditioned to appear on the show.[13] In an interview with MBC, a trainee alleged that, throughout their six-month training period, the contestants were only given clothes appropriate for the summer and had to wear them in cold weather. In addition to that, they were cut off from outside communication, were only allowed to buy daily necessities once a month, and were not given enough food to eat.[14] Lee Hae-in's father alleged through her fan site that CJ ENM suggested during her audition that she sign with their subsidiary agency to ensure that she would be able to debut after elimination, and she had done so out of fear of not being accepted into Idol School. However, after being eliminated, CJ ENM did not follow up and she was unable to sign contracts with other agencies. In response, CJ ENM issued an apology.[15][16] Along with Produce X 101's vote rigging controversy, MBC broadcast a feature on PD Note on October 15, 2019. Several trainees anonymously claimed that their living quarters had poor ventilation and some girls developed rashes from dust. The trainees also claimed that they were so malnourished some of them did not menstruate or had periods lasting for two months.[17] In the ratings below, the highest rating for the show will be in red Sungkyunkwan UniversitySungkyunkwan University (SKKU or simply Seongdae, hangul: 성균관대학교; hanja: 成均館大學校) is a private comprehensive research university in South Korea. The institution traces its origins to the historical Sungkyunkwan founded in 1398 by the Joseon Dynasty located in the heart of central Seoul.[4] As the foremost educational institution of the Joseon Kingdom, it was governed by the great code of the state administration[5] with royal assent.[6] It was restructured into a university in the late nineteenth century, and has since greatly expanded its course offerings and reputation, which is attributed to its numerous influential graduates, strong research output, and close partnership with Samsung. Being one of the premier universities in the country, SKKU has been consistently maintaining its reputation internationally as well. It was featured in Nature Index in 2017 as one of the premier universities in South Korea.[7] QS World University Rankings 2020 ranks it 95th,[8] while Times Higher Education puts SKKU in 82nd place worldwide.[9] The university spends heavily on research and development, mostly funded by its primary sponsor tech-giant Samsung, Hyundai and other government funding agencies, producing high-end research scientists. Among the internationally notable research scientists of the university, professor Park Nam-Gyu of Chemical engineering, who was nominated as one of the potential Chemistry Nobel laureates in 2017 by Clarivate Analytics,[10] and professor Lee Young-hee, director of the Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics in the Institute for Basic Science, are currently active in research at this university, frequently coming into spotlight in Nature.[7] The university's main campus, the Humanities and Social Sciences Campus, is in the heart of central Seoul on the same hill as Changdeokgung and Changgyeonggung (two of the royal palaces of Joseon). It is near Hyehwa-dong and Daehangno. The nearest subway station is Hyehwa Station on Seoul Subway Line 4. The Natural Sciences Campus in Suwon is in walking distance from Sungkyunkwan University Station, in the northwest of the city. The Natural Sciences Campus was established in 1978. This campus is 45 km south of Seoul on a 250-acre site. Each campus's major is divided according to the distinction between liberal arts and science departments. Sungkyunkwan was established in 1398 as the Joseon Dynasty's highest educational institution. Its name means, "Sung (成, to make), Kyun (均, harmonious society), Kwan (館, institute)." It focused on in-depth study of the Chinese Classics, Confucian canon, and literature of the era, and how to apply the knowledge to governing the nation and understanding the nature of humanity. It also served as a shrine (see Munmyo) to the Confucian sages where rituals were held regularly to honor them and their teachings. It was located within the city walls of the capital during the Joseon period, Hanseong, or modern-day Seoul. It followed the example of the Goryeo-period Gukjagam, which in its latter years was also known by the name "Sungkyunkwan". Numerous Korean historical figures, including Yi Hwang and Yi I, studied at and graduated from Sungkyunkwan. A considerable amount of Korean literature and works of hanja calligraphy were created and archived by Sungkyunkwan scholars over the centuries. During the period of Japanese rule in the first half of the twentieth century, Sungkyunkwan was downgraded and almost closed by the Governor-General of Korea in favor of the imperial university. At the end of World War II, however, it was officially reopened as a college by the United States Army Military Government in Korea. Before long, it was reinstated by the ex-rector of Sungkyunkwan, Kim Changsook. After the Korean War, as the nation modernized and underwent social, political, and economic reforms, SKKU played an important role in academic freedom in higher education and also kept traditional ethics and morality alive in Korean society. Samsung partnered with SKKU in the period of 1965-1977 and renewed the partnership in 1996. The partnership has helped SKKU realize its vision in pursuit of globalization and fostering talented graduates.[12] Through the partnership, SKKU has developed high-quality research infrastructure and achieved excellent human resource management. The partnership also enabled SKKU to develop world-leading academic programs in software development, mobile communications engineering, energy engineering, nanotechnology, business, medicine, and law.[13] Through the Samsung Global Scholarship Program (GSP), each year 15-25 students are selected for Seoul National University's engineering program or SKKU's Graduate School of Business (SKK GSB). Selected GSP students currently study for three semesters. Previously, it was four semesters, including a possibility of spending a semester at one of SKK GSB's top partner universities in the U.S. (MIT Sloan, Columbia University, Northwestern University's Kellogg School of Management, University of Michigan's Ross School of Business, Dartmouth College's Tuck School of Business or Indiana University's Kelley School of Business). According to the ranking of South Korean universities annually published by national daily newspaper JoongAng Daily, Sungkyunkwan University is ranked nationally as the 3rd best university in South Korea after SNU and KAIST.[24] It is the number one private comprehensive research university in South Korea according to U.S. News & World Report. Internationally, SKKU is ranked 95th in the Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) world university rankings 2020.[8] In the Times Higher Education 2019 world university rankings, SKKU is ranked 82th.[9] In the QS Asia rankings, SKKU is ranked 15th.[25] The reputation of the university stems from SKKU's international engagement including short-term study abroad programs and dual-degree programs, as well as its industrial partnerships, and its graduate reputation as evidenced in the high employment rate of SKKU graduates. In the Financial Times, SKK GSB Global MBA is ranked as #42 worldwide, one of the top 10 in Asia, and #1 MBA in Korea.[26] SKKU's School of Medicine is affiliated with Samsung Medical Center, the top research hospital in Korea. Due to this international ranking and history, SKKU is generally recognized as the top school in Korea, ranking 4th to 5th. SKKU's motto, "Humanity, Righteousness, Propriety, and Wisdom (仁, 義, 禮, 智)", reflects the basic spirit of Confucianism. These four cardinal virtues express humankind's four inherent elements of spirit, action, conscience, and intellect. Humanity abides in the heart that loves, righteousness abides in the heart that knows right from wrong, propriety abides in the heart that knows forbearance, and wisdom abides in the heart that perceives. Confucian philosophy attests to man's innate goodness, and at the same time recognizes that this quality must nevertheless be awakened and nurtured. These four principles, which comprise SKKU's educational philosophy, are the basis for higher education's goals of the search for truth and the establishment of social justice, which are, in turn, based on humanity.[5] The university's symbol is the gingko leaf which comes from the giant ginkgo trees at SKKU's old campus (Natural Monument No. 59). Both trees are male and thus do not bear fruit. They are believed to have been planted in 1519 by Yun Tak, a former president of Sungkyunkwan. The library is equipped with state-of-the art digital media room where students can have recreational activity like watching movies. The library also offers several CD player stations for amusements, open cafe, sleeping arena where students can take nap if tired.[27] SKKU Learning Factory is a student facility at Natural Sciences campus in Suwon where creative ideas can be made into a prototype product using 3D printers, laser cutters, CNC router, and Arduino. It has been established by the Fusion Based Creative Informatics Human Resources Development Team, and it serves as a place where students can realize their ideas and build human connections. Sungkyunkwan University offers on-campus dormitories to its students in the campuses which are known as SKKU dorms. Humanities and Social Sciences campus at Seoul offers ten dormitories and housing facilities namely, E-house, G-house, K-house, C-house, I-house, M-house, Crownville A, Crownville C, Victory House, and LWG House whereas, Natural Sciences campus at Suwon offers five dormitories namely, In-gwan, Ui-gwan, Ye-gwan, Shin-gwan Ji-gwan.[28] Dorm culture of the university is vibrant owing to frequent recreational events such as free pizza party, outdoor trip, painting competition, Yoga class and so on targeting its international students. The dorm entrances are secured with automatic RFID key-tag doors which ensure only the students can have legal entry inside. Routine fire-safety and earth-quake safety simulations in the dorms are performed every semester to ensure safety of the students. The dormitories house both male and female students but floors are designated for a specific gender.[28] SKKU dorms provide variety of room types depending on the need, fee and academic results. Students can be offered single/two/four persons rooms. Apartment type facilities are also offered where more than four students live in separate rooms in apartment. All the rooms are equipped with furniture, air-conditioner and free wifi. Special single rooms are reserved for disabled students in Shin-gwan dorm. Each dormitories are equipped with CCTV and free wifi. Vending machines, printers and ATM machines are available at the entrance of every dorm. Reading rooms and common rooms at each floor with television and microwave oven are available. Laundry rooms are equipped with washing machines, cloth dryer, and electric iron which are free of cost. Some of the dormitories like E-house, Shin-gwan and In-gwan have in-house gym. Having a significantly large international student community, SKKU dorms offer kitchen facilities for all of its students. All kitchens have numbered cabinets allocated to a particular student for a semester. SAINT is the abbreviation of Sungkyunkwan Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology. This institute opened in March 2005. SAINT was founded on March 1, 2005 as one of the four core programs of Sungkyunkwan University’s VISION2010+ plan to be ranked in the top 100 universities in the world. With the financial support from Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), its goal is to become one of the world's top 5 nanotechnology-related institutes. The current director of SAINT is Michael Grätzel. N-center is the home of Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics in the Institute for Basic Science. Professor Lee Young-hee is the director of the center, who is an internationally renowned physicist engaged in researches related to nanotechnology.[7] Additionally, Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR) is also located here.[29] Sungkyun Language Institute (SLI) is a semi-autonomous division of Sungkyunkwan University. English, Japanese, Mandarin and Korean are taught, though Mandarin is not taught at the Suwon campus. Korean is taught at six levels from beginner to advanced. There are 18 lecturers of Korean and 16 foreign lecturers of English at the campus in Seoul, with 14 foreign English lecturers in Suwon, while the two Japanese lecturers based in Suwon are Korean. There are several foreign lecturers of other languages in Seoul and Korean lecturers of English on both campuses. SLI is managed separately from the university and the management follows different systems of organisation on the two campuses, yet they both fall under an umbrella level of administrative management. Credit and non-credit classes are taught. The English credit courses are chiefly in academic writing and academic presentation. There are also ESP (English for Specific Purposes) classes in business English, English for scientific purposes, English Literature and current English at the Suwon campus. Non-credit classes are less specialised and are, therefore, more typical of ESL environments. These are open to people who are not registered as students at Sungkyunkwan University. It is not uncommon for members of staff or local residents to attend such classes. For the main courses (academic writing and presentations), SLI produces its own books, which are published by Sungkyunkwan University Press and which have thus far been revised yearly. SLI has a "Global Zone" — a room where students may relax, study, read, browse the web, view online lectures, attend conferences, watch international TV, or seek English assistance from the lecturers on each site. Sungkyunkwan University has a high number of international students, making up over 10% of the total undergraduate student body. In 2011, the population of international students at SKKU surpassed 1,000.[30] There were over 2,700 international students enrolled at SKKU in 2013, and each year more than 2,000 Korean students from SKKU go abroad. SKKU maintains partnerships with over 653 universities in over 73 countries around the world, and has agreements with 21 overseas institutions to offer dual-degree programs.[31] A majority of SKKU's international students attend the International Summer Semester (ISS) program, usually held from late June to late July. Started in 2008, it has grown to over 1,500 students from over 65 universities in over 25 countries. SKKU's Winter International Student Experience (WISE) is newer than its ISS program. It started in 2015 and occurs ever January for just under four weeks. It is a bit smaller than the ISS with around 200 students from 26 universities and 16 nations each year and growing. It is offered especially for students from warmer regions including Southeast Asia, South America, and Australia to experience winter life in Korea. The Graduate School of Business (GSB) was established in 2004 with the launching of the Global MBA program.[32] The Global MBA program was the nation's first MBA program to be fully taught in English and was set up in collaboration with MIT's Sloan School of Management and Indiana University's Kelley School of Business, both in the United States. The SKK GSB Global MBA has also been ranked by the Financial Times as the #1 MBA in Korea, Top 11 in Asia and 59th worldwide.[26] In addition to the MBA program, other subspecialized master's degree programs and dual masters programs are also offered. Its partner institutions include the Sloan School of Management, the Kelley School of Business and UC Berkeley's Haas School of Business in the United States and the EDHEC Business School in France.[33][34] MGB Program: SKKU is also offering a program called the Master Of Global Business. This program is in partnership with the University of Victoria (Canada) and Montpellier Business School (France). In February, SKUU is welcoming 35 students from 13 different countries. The module mostly focuses on consulting projects with famous Korean companies such as LG, CJ, KB bank etc.[35] Sungkyunkwan University's Department of English Language and Literature is the birthplace and home of the Korean affiliate of the Association for the Study of Literature and Environment (ASLE-Korea or ASLE-K). ASLE-Korea [6] hosts two conferences a year (Spring and Fall) and publishes Literature and Environment (문학과환경),a journal dedicated to extending ecocritical scholarship, with articles written primarily in Korean and English. The old campus of Sungkyunkwan was the setting for the fusion historical drama Sungkyunkwan Scandal, which also starred alumnus Song Joong-ki, about a student who disguises herself as a male to attend the boys-only Confucian academy. The setting resulted in increased interest in SKKU from international audiences who watched the drama. SKKU is the founding place, and was the primary practice venue of Korean National Cricket Team.[36] Current Library Holdings: 1,830,806 (bound volumes) University Area: 3,593,341 m² Building Area: 344,510 m² Under the College of Sports Science, several student sports clubs at Sungkyunkwan University are active including baseball club, floor ball club, tennis club, basketball club, soccer club, Volleyball club, and cricket club. Full-size soccer field, basketball playground and baseball fields are located inside the campus. Baseball field at Sungkyunkwan University. Basketball field. Soccer field. Volleyball playground. Coordinates: 37°35′14″N 126°59′39″E / 37.58722°N 126.99417°E / 37.58722; 126.99417 List of Idol School contestantsIdol School is a South Korean reality television show. English names are according to the official website.[1] Age is shown according to Korean age system. The members of the Yukhoe Rice team each won an Individual Ranking +1 card that is automatically in play during the final voting, and a video call to their families. (Class) (Advanced Performance A) (Advanced Performance B) (Intermediate Performance A) (Intermediate Performance B) (Advanced Vocals) (Advanced Dance) (Beginners' Performance) (Beginners' Dance) Channel in Bold represents the team with highest viewership numbers, and each gets Rankings +1 card. Affiliate marketing Affiliate marketing is a type of performance-based marketing in which a business rewards one or more affiliates for each visitor or customer brought by the affiliate's own marketing efforts.[1][2][3][4][5] The industry has four core players:[citation needed] The market has grown in complexity, resulting in the emergence of a secondary tier of players, including affiliate management agencies, super-affiliates, and specialized third party vendors.[citation needed] Affiliate marketing overlaps with other Internet marketing methods to some degree because affiliates often use regular advertising methods. Those methods include organic search engine optimization (SEO), paid search engine marketing (PPC – Pay Per Click), e-mail marketing, content marketing, and (in some sense) display advertising. On the other hand, affiliates sometimes use less orthodox techniques, such as publishing reviews of products or services offered by a partner.[citation needed] Affiliate marketing is commonly confused with referral marketing, as both forms of marketing use third parties to drive sales to the retailer. The two forms of marketing are differentiated, however, in how they drive sales, where Affiliate marketing relies purely on financial motivations, while referral marketing relies more on trust and personal relationships.[citation needed] Affiliate marketing is frequently overlooked by advertisers.[6] While search engines, e-mail, and web site syndication capture much of the attention of online retailers, Affiliate marketing carries a much lower profile. Still, affiliates continue to play a significant role in e-retailers' marketing strategies.[citation needed] The concept of revenue sharing—paying commission for referred business—predates Affiliate marketing and the Internet. The translation of the revenue share principles to mainstream e-commerce happened in November 1994,[7] almost four years after the origination of the World Wide Web. The concept of Affiliate marketing on the Internet was conceived of, put into practice and patented by William J. Tobin, the founder of PC Flowers & Gifts. Launched on the Prodigy Network in 1989, PC Flowers & Gifts remained on the service until 1996. By 1993, PC Flowers & Gifts generated sales in excess of $6 million per year on the Prodigy service. In 1998, PC Flowers and Gifts developed the business model of paying a commission on sales to the Prodigy Network.[8][9] In 1994, Tobin launched a beta version of PC Flowers & Gifts on the Internet in cooperation with IBM, who owned half of Prodigy.[10] By 1995 PC Flowers & Gifts had launched a commercial version of the website and had 2,600 Affiliate marketing partners on the World Wide Web. Tobin applied for a patent on tracking and Affiliate marketing on January 22, 1996, and was issued U.S. Patent number 6,141,666 on Oct 31, 2000. Tobin also received Japanese Patent number 4021941 on Oct 5, 2007, and U.S. Patent number 7,505,913 on Mar 17, 2009, for Affiliate marketing and tracking.[11] In July 1998 PC Flowers and Gifts merged with Fingerhut and Federated Department Stores.[12] In November 1994, CDNow launched its BuyWeb program. CDNow had the idea that music-oriented websites could review or list albums on their pages that their visitors might be interested in purchasing. These websites could also offer a link that would take visitors directly to CDNow to purchase the albums. The idea for remote purchasing originally arose from conversations with music label Geffen Records in the fall of 1994. The management at Geffen wanted to sell its artists' CD's directly from its website but did not want to implement this capability itself. Geffen asked CDNow if it could design a program where CDNow would handle the order fulfillment. Geffen realized that CDNow could link directly from the artist on its website to Geffen's website, bypassing the CDNow home page and going directly to an artist's music page.[13] Amazon.com (Amazon) launched its associate program in July 1996: Amazon associates could place banner or text links on their site for individual books, or link directly to the Amazon home page.[14] When visitors clicked on the associate's website to go to Amazon and purchase a book, the associate received a commission. Amazon was not the first merchant to offer an affiliate program, but its program was the first to become widely known and serve as a model for subsequent programs.[15][16] In February 2000, Amazon announced that it had been granted a patent[17] on components of an affiliate program. The patent application was submitted in June 1997, which predates most affiliate programs, but not PC Flowers & Gifts.com (October 1994), AutoWeb.com (October 1995), Kbkids.com/BrainPlay.com (January 1996), EPage (April 1996), and several others.[18] Affiliate marketing has grown quickly since its inception. The e-commerce website, viewed as a marketing toy in the early days of the Internet, became an integrated part of the overall business plan and in some cases grew to a bigger business than the existing offline business. According to one report, the total sales amount generated through affiliate networks in 2006 was £2.16 billion in the United Kingdom alone. The estimates were £1.35 billion in sales in 2005.[19] MarketingSherpa's research team estimated that, in 2006, affiliates worldwide earned US$6.5 billion in bounty and commissions from a variety of sources in retail, personal finance, gaming and gambling, travel, telecom, education, publishing, and forms of lead generation other than contextual advertising programs.[20] In 2006, the most active sectors for Affiliate marketing were the adult gambling, retail industries and file-sharing services.[21]:149–150 The three sectors expected to experience the greatest growth are the mobile phone, finance, and travel sectors.[21] Soon after these sectors came the entertainment (particularly gaming) and Internet-related services (particularly broadband) sectors. Also several of the affiliate solution providers expect to see increased interest from business-to-business marketers and advertisers in using Affiliate marketing as part of their mix.[21]:149–150 Websites and services based on Web 2.0 concepts—blogging and interactive online communities, for example—have impacted the Affiliate marketing world as well. These platforms allow improved communication between merchants and affiliates. Web 2.0 platforms have also opened Affiliate marketing channels to personal bloggers, writers, and independent website owners. Contextual ads allow publishers with lower levels of web traffic to place affiliate ads on websites.[citation needed] Forms of new media have also diversified how companies, brands, and ad networks serve ads to visitors. For instance, YouTube allows video-makers to embed advertisements through Google's affiliate network.[22][23] New developments have made it more difficult for unscrupulous affiliates to make money. Emerging black sheep are detected and made known to the Affiliate marketing community with much greater speed and efficiency.[citation needed] Eighty percent of affiliate programs today use revenue sharing or pay per sale (PPS) as a compensation method, nineteen percent use cost per action (CPA), and the remaining programs use other methods such as cost per click (CPC) or cost per mille (CPM, cost per estimated 1000 views).[24] Within more mature markets, less than one percent of traditional Affiliate marketing programs today use cost per click and cost per mille. However, these compensation methods are used heavily in display advertising and paid search. Cost per mille requires only that the publisher make the advertising available on his or her website and display it to the page visitors in order to receive a commission. Pay per click requires one additional step in the conversion process to generate revenue for the publisher: A visitor must not only be made aware of the advertisement but must also click on the advertisement to visit the advertiser's website. Cost per click was more common in the early days of Affiliate marketing but has diminished in use over time due to click fraud issues very similar to the click fraud issues modern search engines are facing today. Contextual advertising programs are not considered in the statistic pertaining to the diminished use of cost per click, as it is uncertain if contextual advertising can be considered Affiliate marketing. While these models have diminished in mature e-commerce and online advertising markets they are still prevalent in some more nascent industries. China is one example where Affiliate marketing does not overtly resemble the same model in the West. With many affiliates being paid a flat "Cost Per Day" with some networks offering Cost Per Click or CPM. In the case of cost per mille/click, the publisher is not concerned about whether a visitor is a member of the audience that the advertiser tries to attract and is able to convert because at this point the publisher has already earned his commission. This leaves the greater, and, in case of cost per mille, the full risk and loss (if the visitor cannot be converted) to the advertiser. Cost per action/sale methods require that referred visitors do more than visit the advertiser's website before the affiliate receives a commission. The advertiser must convert that visitor first. It is in the best interest of the affiliate to send the most closely targeted traffic to the advertiser as possible to increase the chance of a conversion. The risk and loss are shared between the affiliate and the advertiser. Affiliate marketing is also called "performance marketing", in reference to how sales employees are typically being compensated. Such employees are typically paid a commission for each sale they close, and sometimes are paid performance incentives for exceeding objectives.[25] Affiliates are not employed by the advertiser whose products or services they promote, but the compensation models applied to Affiliate marketing are very similar to the ones used for people in the advertisers' internal sales department. The phrase, "Affiliates are an extended sales force for your business", which is often used to explain Affiliate marketing, is not completely accurate. The primary difference between the two is that affiliate marketers provide little if any influence on a possible prospect in the conversion process once that prospect is directed to the advertiser's website. The sales team of the advertiser, however, does have the control and influence up to the point where the prospect either a) signs the contract, or b) completes the purchase. Some advertisers offer multi-tier programs that distribute commission into a hierarchical referral network of sign-ups and sub-partners. In practical terms, publisher "A" signs up to the program with an advertiser and gets rewarded for the agreed activity conducted by a referred visitor. If publisher "A" attracts publishers "B" and "C" to sign up for the same program using his sign-up code, all future activities performed by publishers "B" and "C" will result in additional commission (at a lower rate) for publisher "A". Two-tier programs exist in the minority of affiliate programs; most are simply one-tier. Referral programs beyond two-tier resemble multi-level marketing (MLM) or network marketing but are different: Multi-level marketing (MLM) or network marketing associations tend to have more complex commission requirements/qualifications than standard affiliate programs.[citation needed] Merchants favor Affiliate marketing because in most cases it uses a "pay for performance" model, meaning that the merchant does not incur a marketing expense unless results are accrued (excluding any initial setup cost).[26] Some merchants run their own (in-house) affiliate programs using dedicated software, while others use third-party intermediaries to track traffic or sales that are referred from affiliates. There are two different types of affiliate management methods used by merchants: standalone software or hosted services, typically called affiliate networks. Payouts to affiliates or publishers can be made by the networks on behalf of the merchant, by the network, consolidated across all merchants where the publisher has a relationship with and earned commissions or directly by the merchant itself. Uncontrolled affiliate programs aid rogue affiliates, who use spamming,[27] trademark infringement, false advertising, cookie stuffing, typosquatting,[28] and other unethical methods that have given Affiliate marketing a negative reputation. Some merchants are using outsourced (affiliate) program management (OPM) companies, which are themselves often run by affiliate managers and network program managers.[29] OPM companies perform affiliate program management for the merchants as a service, similar to the role an advertising agencies serves in offline marketing. Affiliate websites are often categorized by merchants (advertisers) and affiliate networks. There are currently no industry-wide standards for the categorization. The following types of websites are generic, yet are commonly understood and used by affiliate marketers. Affiliate networks that already have several advertisers typically also have a large pool of publishers. These publishers could be potentially recruited, and there is also an increased chance that publishers in the network apply to the program on their own, without the need for recruitment efforts by the advertiser. Relevant websites that attract the same target audiences as the advertiser but without competing with it are potential affiliate partners as well. Vendors or existing customers can also become recruits if doing so makes sense and does not violate any laws or regulations (such as with pyramid schemes). Almost any website could be recruited as an affiliate publisher, but high traffic websites are more likely interested in (for their sake) low-risk cost per mille or medium-risk cost per click deals rather than higher-risk cost per action or revenue share deals.[30] There are three primary ways to locate affiliate programs for a target website: If the above locations do not yield information pertaining to affiliates, it may be the case that there exists a non-public affiliate program. Utilizing one of the common website correlation methods may provide clues about the affiliate network. The most definitive method for finding this information is to contact the website owner directly if a contact method can be located. Since the emergence of Affiliate marketing, there has been little control over affiliate activity. Unscrupulous affiliates have used spam, false advertising, forced clicks (to get tracking cookies set on users' computers), adware, and other methods to drive traffic to their sponsors. Although many affiliate programs have terms of service that contain rules against spam, this marketing method has historically proven to attract abuse from spammers. In the infancy of Affiliate marketing, many Internet users held negative opinions due to the tendency of affiliates to use spam to promote the programs in which they were enrolled.[31] As Affiliate marketing matured, many affiliate merchants have refined their terms and conditions to prohibit affiliates from spamming. A browser extension is a plug-in that extends the functionality of a web browser. Some extensions are authored using web technologies such as HTML, JavaScript, and CSS. Most modern web browsers have a whole slew of third-party extensions available for download. In recent years, there has been a constant rise in the number of malicious browser extensions flooding the web. Malicious browser extensions will often appear to be legitimate as they seem to originate from vendor websites and come with glowing customer reviews.[32] In the case of Affiliate marketing, these malicious extensions are often used to redirect a user's browser to send fake clicks to websites that are supposedly part of legitimate Affiliate marketing programs. Typically, users are completely unaware this is happening other than their browser performance slowing down. Websites end up paying for fake traffic numbers, and users are unwitting participants in these ad schemes. As search engines have become more prominent, some affiliate marketers have shifted from sending e-mail spam to creating automatically generated web pages that often contain product data feeds provided by merchants. The goal of such web pages is to manipulate the relevancy or prominence of resources indexed by a search engine, also known as spamdexing. Each page can be targeted to a different niche market through the use of specific keywords, with the result being a skewed form of search engine optimization. Spam is the biggest threat to organic search engines, whose goal is to provide quality search results for keywords or phrases entered by their users. Google's PageRank algorithm update ("BigDaddy") in February 2006—the final stage of Google's major update ("Jagger") that began in mid-summer 2005—specifically targeted spamdexing with great success. This update thus enabled Google to remove a large amount of mostly computer-generated duplicate content from its index.[33] Websites consisting mostly of affiliate links have previously held a negative reputation for underdelivering quality content. In 2005 there were active changes made by Google, where certain websites were labeled as "thin affiliates".[34] Such websites were either removed from Google's index or were relocated within the results page (i.e., moved from the top-most results to a lower position). To avoid this categorization, affiliate marketer webmasters must create quality content on their websites that distinguishes their work from the work of spammers or banner farms, which only contain links leading to merchant sites. Although it differs from spyware, adware often uses the same methods and technologies. Merchants initially were uninformed about adware, what impact it had, and how it could damage their brands. Affiliate marketers became aware of the issue much more quickly, especially because they noticed that adware often overwrites tracking cookies, thus resulting in a decline of commissions. Affiliates not employing adware felt that it was stealing commission from them. Adware often has no valuable purpose and rarely provides any useful content to the user, who is typically unaware that such software is installed on his/her computer. Affiliates discussed the issues in Internet forums and began to organize their efforts. They believed that the best way to address the problem was to discourage merchants from advertising via adware. Merchants that were either indifferent to or supportive of adware were exposed by affiliates, thus damaging those merchants' reputations and tarnishing their Affiliate marketing efforts. Many affiliates either terminated the use of such merchants or switched to a competitor's affiliate program. Eventually, affiliate networks were also forced by merchants and affiliates to take a stand and ban certain adware publishers from their network. The result was Code of Conduct by Commission Junction/beFree and Performics,[35] LinkShare's Anti-Predatory Advertising Addendum,[36] and ShareASale's complete ban of software applications as a medium for affiliates to promote advertiser offers.[37] Regardless of the progress made, adware continues to be an issue, as demonstrated by the class action lawsuit against ValueClick and its daughter company Commission Junction filed on April 20, 2007.[38] Affiliates were among the earliest adopters of pay per click advertising when the first pay-per-click search engines emerged during the end of the 1990s. Later in 2000 Google launched its pay per click service, Google AdWords, which is responsible for the widespread use and acceptance of pay per click as an advertising channel. An increasing number of merchants engaged in pay per click advertising, either directly or via a search marketing agency, and realized that this space was already occupied by their affiliates. Although this situation alone created advertising channel conflicts and debates between advertisers and affiliates, the largest issue concerned affiliates bidding on advertisers names, brands, and trademarks.[39] Several advertisers began to adjust their affiliate program terms to prohibit their affiliates from bidding on those type of keywords. Some advertisers, however, did and still do embrace this behavior, going so far as to allow, or even encourage, affiliates to bid on any term, including the advertiser's trademarks. Bloggers and other publishers may not be aware of disclosure guidelines set forth by the FTC. Guidelines affect celebrity endorsements, advertising language, and blogger compensation.[40] Affiliate marketing currently lacks industry standards for training and certification. There are some training courses and seminars that result in certifications; however, the acceptance of such certifications is mostly due to the reputation of the individual or company issuing the certification. Affiliate marketing is not commonly taught in universities, and only a few college instructors work with Internet marketers to introduce the subject to students majoring in marketing.[41] Education occurs most often in "real life" by becoming involved and learning the details as time progresses. Although there are several books on the topic, some so-called "how-to" or "silver bullet" books instruct readers to manipulate holes in the Google algorithm, which can quickly become out of date,[41] or suggest strategies no longer endorsed or permitted by advertisers.[42] Outsourced Program Management companies typically combine formal and informal training, providing much of their training through group collaboration and brainstorming. Such companies also try to send each marketing employee to the industry conference of their choice.[43] Other training resources used include online forums, weblogs, podcasts, video seminars, and specialty websites. A code of conduct was released by affiliate networks Commission Junction/beFree and Performics in December 2002 to guide practices and adherence to ethical standards for online advertising. In 2008 the state of New York passed a law asserting sales tax jurisdiction over Amazon.com sales to New York residents. New York was aware of Amazon affiliates operating within the state. In Quill Corp. v. North Dakota, the US Supreme Court ruled that the presence of independent sales representatives may allow a state to require sales tax collections. New York determined that affiliates are such independent sales representatives. The New York law became known as "Amazon's law" and was quickly emulated by other states.[44] While that was the first time states successfully addressed the internet tax gap, since 2018 states have been free to assert sales tax jurisdiction over sales to their residents regardless of the presence of retailer affiliates.[45] Many voucher code web sites use a click-to-reveal format, which requires the web site user to click to reveal the voucher code. The action of clicking places the cookie on the website visitor's computer. In the United Kingdom, the IAB Affiliate Council under chair Matt Bailey announced regulations[46] that stated that "Affiliates must not use a mechanism whereby users are encouraged to click to interact with content where it is unclear or confusing what the outcome will be." Kang Nam-gil Kang Nam-gil (born August 27, 1958) is a South Korean actor. Kang made his acting debut as a 9-year-old child actor in 1966. He later transitioned to adult roles in 1981 with Let Us Love written by Kim Soo-hyun (and dropped out of Hanyang University's English Language and Literature department). Kang drew popularity when he starred in the family drama Under the Same Roof in 1986, but became best known for playing "Dal-soo" in the single-episode MBC Best Theater, which used his character to satirize the social issues of the day.[1] The Trial of Dal-soo reached 25.7% viewership ratings, the highest in the anthology series' history.[2] In 2000, Kang and his wife divorced on charges of adultery on her part, and his subsequent hospitalization from a heart attack led him to take a hiatus from his acting career and move with his son and daughter to England.[3][4][5] He returned to Korea four years later, and made his comeback with People of the Water Flower Village.[6][7] Kang is also an author of computer books for beginners, and in 2004 he published Oh! My God, a memoir about his life as a stay-at-home dad in Birmingham.[8] In 2008, he played one of the leading roles in the spirit possession dramedy Who Are You?.[9] Gaelic broadcasting in Scotland Gaelic broadcasting in Scotland is a developing area of the media in Scotland which deals with broadcasts given in Scottish Gaelic and has important links with the efforts of Gaelic revival in Scotland. As well as being informative, Gaelic broadcasting in Scotland has acquired some symbolic importance. Whilst opinion polls show that the vast majority of Gaels feel they have been ill-served by broadcasting media,[1] Scotland now has Gaelic broadcasting all over Scotland both on television and radio. The first BBC radio broadcast in the Gaelic language was aired throughout Scotland on Sunday 2 December 1923; this was a 15-minute religious address by Rev. John Bain, recorded in the High United Free Church in Aberdeen. Two weeks later, a recital of Gaelic singing was broadcast, though it was introduced in English. The first regular programme was singer Neil MacLean's Sgeulachdan agus Oran ('Stories and songs'), broadcast from the Aberdeen studio. The first Gaelic radio play, entitled Dunach, was aired in 1933. It is perhaps indicative of the status of Gaelic broadcasting at this time that the producer of Dunach knew no Gaelic. In 1934 a series of lessons for Gaelic learners was broadcast. In 1936, Scotland's first outside broadcast was a Gaelic service from Iona Abbey. In 1939 a weekly Gaelic news review was launched. In 1935, Hugh MacPhee was appointed head of the BBC's first Gaelic department,[2] which moved to Glasgow in 1938; this seems to have been the first attempt to put Gaelic broadcasting on a serious footing. In 1940, An Comunn Gàidhealach requested an increase of output to two news programmes and a children's programme each week. This was refused, which resulted in questions being raised in the House of Commons. After the Second World War, Finlay J. Macdonald (later co-founder of Gairm) joined Hugh MacPhee in the Glasgow studios; he was replaced in 1954 by Fred Macaulay. With two full-time producers, the regular programming was expanded to 90 minutes per week. There was a Friday evening news slot which George Orwell, writing at that time in Jura, criticised for its "amateurishness". A number of radio plays were produced, including An Tunnag Fhiadhaich, a translation by Lachlan MacKinnon of Henrik Ibsen's The Wild Duck (1951). Because few areas of the West Highlands and virtually none of the islands could receive television signals before the early 1960s, Gaelic TV was not an issue at first, though there had been coverage of the Mòd. As with radio, Gaelic TV broadcasting began with Gaelic songs introduced in English, such as Ceòl nan Gaidheal ('Music of the Gaels'), introduced by James Shaw Grant (1962). The first genuine Gaelic TV programme was in the light entertainment category: Se Ur Beatha ('You're welcome') in 1964. The first current affairs television series, Bonn Comhraidh, was launched in 1970. Gaelic schools programmes began in 1975. The first Gaelic children's TV programme, Cuir Car, was aired in 1977, followed by Bzzz in 1981, and the first programme for pre-school children, Mag is Mog, in 1982.[3] The pre-school "classic" Dòtaman was broadcast from 1985. In 1976, BBC Radio Highland began broadcasting from Inverness. In 1979, BBC Radio nan Eilean opened in Stornoway with Radio nan Gaidheal starting in October 1985. The Thatcher government increased the funding for Gaelic broadcasting, largely because of Scottish Secretary George Younger's personal enthusiasm for the Gaelic community.[4] With the funding the BBC were able to produce a small number of children's Gaelic programmes during term-time starting in October 1985, with Padraig Post, Dòtaman and Bzzz. BBC One Scotland broadcast the programmes in the morning usually before Children's BBC at 10:10 – 10:30 am, before moving to 9:45 am in October 1986 as part of new BBC Daytime line up. Since then, the timeslots have varied for children's Gaelic programmes during the daytime hours varying from around 9am - 2pm on BBC One Scotland between 1987 - 1995, From October 1995, The new timeslots were mostly in the mid-afternoon (3pm - 3:30pm from October 1995 - June 1998 and subsequently 2:55pm - 3:25pm from January 1999 - June 2002) with an occasional lunchtime slot at around 12 - 1pm (12:05pm - 12:30pm from February 1996 - May 1996 and again in January - March 1997, 12:25pm - 12:50pm from October - December 1998 and 12:30pm - 1pm from February - June 1999 and briefly in November 2001). The BBC introduced a new two hour Thursday evening Gaelic block on BBC Two Scotland in September 1993, including De a nis, Gaelic comedy, documentaries, music, and current affairs Eòrpa. The programming block has continued until April 2011, virtually all the programmes were moved to BBC ALBA following the completion of the digital switchover with the exception of Children's Gaelic programmes which continued to be broadcast on weekday mornings during CBeebies until March 2013 and the long-running current affairs programme Eòrpa until January 2019. Eòrpa is currently being repeated on BBC Parliament on Saturday nights. The Broadcasting Act 1990 established a Gaelic Television Fund, administered by a Gaelic Television Committee (Comataidh Telebhisein Gàidhlig). The committee were given a £9 million budget,[5] which was given independent producers, BBC, Grampian and STV. Grampian was required to broadcast in Gaelic for nearly an hour a day on average and STV for half an hour, which included a weekly 30mins slot in peak time.[6] This was originally every weekday at 6:30 pm before programmes were spread out, to late night and weekends. Programmes included De Tha Seo? (Win, Lose or Draw), Machair, Haggis Agus, Air A Charraig and more others. The Broadcasting Act 1996 resulted in improved funding, and also renamed the funding body 'Gaelic Broadcasting Committee' (Comataidh Craolaidh Gàidhlig, CCG). In 1999 TeleG, the first Gaelic language TV channel was launched, which broadcast daily for one hour (between 6 pm and 7 pm) on Digital Freeview. TeleG was established in October 1999 as the first dedicated Gaelic TV channel in Scotland and provided a limited Gaelic service on Freeview until May 2011. Broadcasts were limited to an hour slot between the hours of 6 pm and 7 pm. The channel stopped broadcasting in May 2011 and was displaced by BBC ALBA. On 11 February 2002, CBeebies Alba was launched as the new programming slot for Children's Gaelic Programmes, initially broadcast on BBC One Scotland at 2:55pm - 3:25pm every weekday from the initial launch, BBC One Scotland stopped showing Children's Gaelic programmes (which for some reason had Channel 4's Natalie programme as part of the slot starting in 1993) in June 2002 (with the exception of the children's Mod repeat until October 2009) and they moved to BBC Two Scotland during CBeebies under the name CBeebies Alba, beginning in November 2002, Like BBC One Scotland, The timeslot varied in the earlier years. Initially it was broadcast from 9 am to 9:30 am from November 2002 to June 2003, later at 8:30 – 9 am from October to December 2003. For a while it was at 9:30 – 10 am from January - June 2004 but moved back to 8:30 – 9 am from October 2004 until December 2012 and from 7:50 – am - 8:20 am for a brief period in January - March 2013. In between it has come on at different times in the school holidays at 10:25 – 10:50 am in April 2003, 9:40 – 10:10 am in April 2004, and 7:30 – 8 am from July 2006 to September 2010. Following the removal of children's shows from the mainstream channels BBC One and Two after the completion of the digital switchover, the programming slot was discontinued and all programmes moved to BBC ALBA. Children's programmes along with other Gaelic programming can be seen every day on BBC ALBA at 5 – 7 pm. It broadcasts until midnight (sometimes 1 am due to sports coverage). BBC ALBA is a joint venture channel between the BBC and MG ALBA. It is the first channel to be delivered under a BBC licence by a partnership. It broadcasts for up to seven hours a day in the evening. BBC ALBA is broadcast on Freeview as well as satellite and cable television providers. The popular Gaelic drama Bannan was first broadcast in 2014. BBC Radio nan Gàidheal is the most widely broadcast Scottish Gaelic radio station and is available on FM frequencies throughout Scotland; webcast on the BBC website; and on cable and satellite channels in the United Kingdom. Gaelic language programmes are broadcast during the day from Monday to Saturday and the channel joins BBC Radio Scotland after closing transmission. Gaelic and bi-lingual programmes also feature on several north-west coast local radio stations, including Two Lochs Radio, Isles FM, An Radio and Cuillin FM. A bilingual Scottish Pop Chart show, produced to commission by MFR (Moray Firth Radio) in Inverness is also broadcast each week on several of these stations. The broadcasting media have also carried Gaelic lessons for learners of the language. The first was a short radio series in 1934, six fortnightly Gaelic lessons in Gaelic by J. Nicolson. The weekly series Learning Gaelic by Edward Purcell with John M Bannerman and Archie Henry began in 1949.[7] Among the early BBC TV courses for beginners' Gaelic was Can Seo (1979). The current series for beginners is Speaking our Language, which is now repeated regularly on BBC ALBA. With the spread of Gaelic-medium units in primary schools, attended also by children from English-speaking households, there was a need for education series aimed at children in the early stages of immersion-phase language-learning: Baile Mhuilinn (TV) and Fiream Faram (Radio) both appeared in 1998. Hyeong The Korean terms Hyeong, pumsae, and teul (meaning "form" or "pattern") are all used to refer to martial arts forms that are typically used in Korean martial arts such as Taekwondo and Tang Soo Do. A Hyeong is a systematic, prearranged sequence of martial techniques that is performed either with or without the use of a weapon. In traditional dojangs (training halls), Hyeong are used primarily as a form of interval training that is useful in developing mushin, proper kinetics and mental and physical fortitude. Hyeong may resemble combat, but are artistically non-combative and woven together so as to be an effective conditioning tool. One's aptitude for a particular Hyeong may be evaluated in competition. In such competitions, Hyeong are evaluated by a panel of judges who base the score on many factors including energy, precision, speed, and control. In western competitions, there are two general classes of Hyeong: creative and standard. Creative Hyeong are created by the performer and are generally more acrobatic in nature and do not necessarily reflect the kinetic principles intrinsic in any martial system. Beginning in 1946, shortly after the conclusion of the Japanese occupation of Korea, new martial arts schools called kwans were opened in Seoul. These schools were established by Korean martial artists who had studied primarily in Okinawa and China during the Japanese occupation. Accordingly, the martial arts practiced in the kwans was heavily influenced by shotokan karate and Chinese martial arts, though elements of taekkyeon and gwonbeop were also incorporated. Five of these kwans were established during the interval between World War II and the Korean War. During the Korean War, establishment of new schools was halted; at the conclusion of the war four new schools were established by students from the five original kwans. Collectively, these schools are referred to as the nine original kwans of taekwondo. Each kwan practiced its own style of martial art (the term taekwondo had not yet been coined) and employed their own set of forms. The majority of the forms used, however, derived from Shotokan karate. In many cases they were given new names. These forms are still used today in martial arts style such as Tang Soo Do, Soo Bahk Do, Moo Duk Kwan Taekwondo, and Chun Kuk Do. The article Karate kata lists many of the forms used in traditional taekwondo: In addition to these Shotokan forms, Tang Soo Do and other traditional styles incorporate additional forms as well, many developed by Hwang Kee. Kukkiwon-style taekwondo (and thus the World Taekwondo Federation) uses the word pumsae for form. Prior to 1971, Kukkiwon-style taekwondo used a series of eight forms called the palgwae forms for color-belt forms. The term "pal-gwae" refers to the eight trigrams associated with the I Ching hexagrams. Symbolically, each form in the palgwae series corresponds to one trigram. Subsequent to 1971, the palgwae forms were deprecated in favor of eight taegeuk forms. The term taegeuk refers to the principle of the "unity of opposites". Though the movements in the taegeuk forms are different from those of the palgwae forms, each taegeuk form is likewise associated with a corresponding I Ching trigram. Kukkiwon-style taekwondo uses a series of nine forms for dan-level black belts; this series is called the yudanja series. The first form in the series, Koryo, was replaced by a new form of the same name in 1971, as part of the transition from the palgwae to taegeuk forms. The general meaning of this form and associated trigram is Yang, which represents Heaven and Light. Also, this trigram has a relationship to South and Father. The first Taegeuk/Palgwe form is the beginning of all pumsaes, the "birth" of the martial artist into Taekwondo. This pumsae should be performed with the greatness of Heaven. The associated trigram of this pumsae represents the Lake(joy, a calm sturdy spirit:). Also, related to the symbol is South East and the relationship of the youngest daughter. The movements of this Taegeuk/Palgwe are aimed to be performed believing that man has limitations, but that we can overcome these limitations. The Lake and its water symbolize the flowing and calm nature of the martial artist. This form is to reflect those attributes. This trigram represents Fire. Related to this symbol is also East and the relationship of the Second Daughter. Fire contains a lot of energy. The symbol behind the fire is similar to the symbolism of the water in that both can aid and both can destroy. This form is intended to be performed rhythmically, with some outbursts of energy to reflect fire's rhythmic and energetic dualism. This trigram represents Thunder. Also, the trigram is strongly connected to northeast and the relationship of the Eldest son. Thunder comes from the sky and is absorbed by the earth, thus, according to the beliefs of the I Ching, thunder is one of the most powerful natural forces. This pumsae is associated with power and the connection between the heavens and earth. This pumsae is intended to be performed with power resembling the Thunder for which it is named. The trigram associated with this pumsae represents Wind. The trigram is also related to southwest and the relationship with an eldest daughter. The I Ching promotes that wind is a gentle force, but can sometimes be furious, destroying everything in its path. As such, it is intended that this pumsae is performed like the wind: gently, but knowing the ability of mass destruction with a single movement. The performer and audience should be aware of the duality of the form. The trigram associated with this pumsae represents Water. Also, there is a relation to West and the relationship with a Second son. The movements of this pumsae are intended to be performed like water; flowing, powerful and cleansing. Sometimes standing still like water in a lake, sometimes thriving as a river, sometimes powerful like a waterfall. The water is to symbolize calm and cleansing, while also possessing the attribute of being violent and destructive. The trigram associated with this pumsae represents a Mountain. Also, it represents the northwest and youngest son. The symbolism behind the mountain is the indomitable and majestic nature that all mountains possess. This pumsae is intended to be performed with the feeling that all movements are this majestic due to their unconquerable nature. The trigram associated with this pumsae represents the Earth. Also, there is a representation of North and Mother. The associated trigram of this pumsae is Yin. Yin, here, represents the end of the beginning, the evil part of all that is good. This being the last of the pumsae Taegeuk, it represents the end of the circle and the cyclic nature of the Earth. Schools that follow the International Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF) tradition typically use the Chang Hon 창헌 (also called Chang Hun, Chang 'On or Chon-Ji) forms that were developed by Choi Hong Hi, Nam Tae Hi, Han Cha Kyo, Choi Chang Keun,[7] Park Won Ha,[8] Woo Jae Lim, Kim Bok Man and Cho Sang Min,[9] and have their roots in the Oh Do Kwan.[10] In addition, Kim J.C., Park Jong Soo, and Lee Byung Moo are thought to have developed four of the Ch'ang Hon patterns (Eui-Am, Moon-Moo, Yong-Gae & So-San) in 1968.[9] Park Jung Tae, likely assisted by Choi Jung Hwa (General Choi's son), Michael McCormack (General Choi's son-in-law) and Lim Won Sup, is credited with developing the Juche pattern.[9] Kong Young Il may have helped develop the Ch'ang Hon patterns as well.[11] With the Oh Do Kwan in charge of the taekwondo training in the Korean military, the "Chang Hon Hyeong" set of forms spread widely, and they are seen in many taekwondo organizations, including ITF-offshoots such as the Global Taekwondo Federation. The pattern names below are shown with Revised Romanization spellings; however, the traditional spellings are shown in parentheses if they vary from the modern standard, since those patterns have long been known with those spellings. 천지 / 天地 – 19 movements Literally, Cheon-Ji (or Chon-Ji) means "heaven and earth" and refers to the creation of the world or the beginning of human history, and thus is the initial pattern learned by the beginner. It consists of forearm low blocks and punches in the first part to represent earth, and inner forearm middle blocks and punches in the second part to denote heaven. It does not use any kicks. The cross shaped diagram represents the four elements of the universe : fire, water, air and earth. 단군 / 檀君 – 21 movements Dan-Gun is named after the holy Dangun, the legendary founder of Korea in 2333 BC. Unusually for a teul, all the punches in Dan-Gun are high section (at eye level), symbolizing Dangun scaling a mountain. 도산 / 島山 – 24 movements Do-San is a pseudonym of the patriot Ahn Chang-ho (1878–1938). The 24 movements represent his entire life, which he devoted to furthering education in Korea and the Korean independence movement. (Note that Encyclopedia of TaeKwon-Do – 15 Volume Set – by General Choi Hong Hi states Dosan's birth year incorrectly as 1876)[12] 원효 / 元曉 – 28 movements This pattern is named after the noted monk Wonhyo who introduced Buddhism to the Silla Dynasty in the year 686 AD. 율곡 / 栗谷 – 38 movements Yul-Gok is a pseudonym of a great philosopher and scholar Yi I (1536–1584) nicknamed the "Confucius of Korea". The 38 movements of this pattern refer to his birthplace on 38-degree latitude and the diagram of the pattern represents scholar. 중근 / 重根 – 32 movements Jung-Geun (or Joong-Gun) is named after the patriot Ahn Joong-Gun who assassinated Itō Hirobumi, the first Japanese governor-general of Korea, known as the man who played the leading part in the Korea-Japan merger. There are 32 movements in this pattern to represent Mr Ahn's age when he was executed at Lui-Shung Prison in 1910. Note: Ahn Jung-Geun was born on 16 July 1879 and was executed on 26 March 1910, so was in fact 30 years old at his death. (or 31 by Korean counting since in Korea newborns are considered to be 1 year old) 퇴계 / 退溪 – 37 movements Toi-Gye is the pen name of the noted scholar Yi Hwang (16th century), an authority on neo-Confucianism. The 37 movements of the pattern refer to his birthplace on 37-degree latitude, the diagram represents "scholar" as in the Yul-Gok Hyeong. 화랑 / 花郎 – 29 movements Hwa-Rang is named after the Hwarang youth group that originated under the Silla Dynasty roughly 1350 years ago. The group eventually became the driving force for the unification of the three Kingdoms of Korea. The 29 movements refer to the 29th infantry Division, where Taekwondo developed into maturity. 충무 / 忠武 – 30 movements Chung-Mu (or Choong-Moo) was the name given to the great Admiral Yi Sun-sin of the Yi Dynasty. He was reputed to have invented the first armored battleship (kobukson) in 1592, which is said to be the precursor of the present day submarine. The reason this pattern ends with a left hand attack is to symbolize his regrettable death having no chance to show his unrestrained potentiality checked by the forced reservation of his loyalty to the King. 광개 / 廣開 – 39 movements Gwang-Gae (or Kwang-Gae) is named after the famous Kwang-Gae-Toh-Wang, the 19th king of the Goguryeo Dynasty, who achieved the greatest territorial expansion including the greater part of Manchuria. The diagram of the form represents the expansion and recovery of lost territory. The 39 movements refer to the first two figures of 391AD, the year he came to the throne. 포은 / 圃隱 – 36 movements Po Eun is the pseudonym of a loyal subject Jeong Mongju who was a distinguished scholar of neo-Confucianism during the Goryeo Dynasty. His poem "I would not serve a second master though I might be crucified a hundred times" is known to every Korean people. The diagram, which is simply a straight line represents his unerring loyalty to the king and his country. 계백 / 階伯 – 44 movements The Gye-Baek (or Gae-Baek) Hyeong has 44 Movements. Gae-Baek is named after Gyebaek, a great general in the Baekje Dynasty. The diagram represents his severe and strict military discipline. 의암 / 義菴 – 45 movements Eui-Am is the pseudonym of Son Byong Hi, leader of the Korean independence movement on 1 March 1919. The 45 movements refer to his age when he changed the name of his religion from Dong Hak (oriental learning) to Chondogyo (Heavenly Way Religion) in 1905. The diagram represents his indomitable spirit, displayed while dedicating himself to the prosperity of his nation. 충장 / 忠壯 – 52 movements Chung-Jang (or Choong-Jang) is the pseudonym given to General Kim Duk Ryang who lived during the Yi Dynasty, 14th century. This pattern ends with a left hand attack to symbolize the tragedy of his death at 27 in prison before he was able to reach full maturity. 주체 / 主體 – 45 movements The Juche Hyeong has 45 movements. Juche is a philosophical idea that man is the master of everything and decides everything. In other words, the idea that man is that master of the world and his own destiny. It is said that this idea was rooted in Baekdu Mountain, which symbolize the spirit of the Korean people. The diagram represents Baekdu Mountain, which is the highest mountain in Korea. 고당/古堂 – 39 movements Go-Dang (or Ko-Dang) was one of the original 24 patterns created by General Choi. In the early 1980s, however, Kodang was removed from the official syllabus by General Choi and replaced by a new pattern which he named Juche. Go-Dang was a famous South Korean anti-communist, and when Choi began to spread his art throughout the world, and to North Korea in particular, he removed this pattern so as not to offend anyone. Although no longer part of official ITF Taekwondo, Kodang is still included in the syllabi of many Taekwondo organisations. In those organisations where it is still taught, it is generally taught to students at the level of second dan black belt. It consists of a sequence of 39 individual techniques. Although some sources lead to the deduction that Kodang is exactly the same pattern as Juche, they are in fact two completely different patterns. The confusion arose when one of the ITF Taekwondo groups changed the name of the pattern Juche to Kodang in 2008, because the word "Juche" is associated with North Korea's communist ideology. 삼일 / 三一 – 33 movements Sam-Il name refers to the historic March 1st Movement, the biggest nationwide Korean independence movement against the imperial Japan in 1919. The 33 movements in the pattern represent for the 33 patriots who planned the movement. 유신 / 庾信 – 68 movements Yu-Sin (or Yoo-Sin) is named after General Kim Yu-Sin, a commanding general during the Silla Dynasty who played an important role in the merger of Goguryeo and Baekje by Silla. The 68 movements refer to the last two figures of 668 AD the year the three kingdoms were unified. The ready posture signifies a sword drawn to the right rather than the left side, symbolizing Yoo Sin's mistake of following his king's orders to fight with foreign forces (Tang Dynasty of China) against his own people (Goguryeo and Baik-je). 최영 / 崔榮 – 45 movements Choe-Yeong (or Choi-Yong) is named after General Choe Yong, Premier and Commander-in Chief of the armed forces during the 14th century Goryeo Dynasty. Choi Yong was greatly respected for his loyalty, patriotism, and humility. He was executed by subordinate commanders headed by General Yi Seonggye, who later became the first king of the Joseon Dynasty. 연개 / 淵蓋 – 49 movements Yeon-Gae (or Yon-Gae) is named after the famous general Yon Gae Somoon during the Goguryeo Dynasty. He defended Goguryeo from the aggression of the Tang Dynasty by destroying nearly 300,000 of their troops at Ansi Sung. (This pattern normally resides between Choi Yong and Se-Jong) 을지 / 乙支 – 42 movements Eul-Ji (or Ul-Ji) is named after general Eulji Mundeok who successfully defended Goguryeo against a Sui invasion force of over one million soldiers led by Yang Je in 612AD. By employing hit and run guerilla tactics, he was able to destroy the majority of the force. The diagram of the Hyeong represents his surname. The 42 movements represent the author's age when he designed the pattern. 문무 / 文武 – 61 movements Mun-Mu (or Moon-Moo) honors King Munmu, the 30th king of the Silla Dynasty, who completed the unification of the three kingdoms (Goguryeo, Baik-je, Silla). His body was buried near Dae Wang Am (Great King's Rock). According to his will, the body was placed in the sea "Where my soul shall forever defend my land against the Japanese". The 61 movements in this pattern symbolize the last two figures of 661 AD when Munmu came to the throne. (This pattern normally resides between Choi Yong and Sea-Jong) 서산 / 西山 – 72 movements Seo-San (or So-San) is the pseudonym of the great monk Choi Hyon Ung during the Joseon Dynasty. The 72 movements refer to his age when he organized a corps of monk soldiers with the assistance of his pupil Sa Myung Dang. The monk soldiers helped repulse the Japanese who overran most of the Korean peninsula in 1592 during the Imjin War. (This pattern normally resides between Choi Yong and Sea-Jong) Seo-San is the longest of all Taekwon-do patterns. 세종 / 世宗 – 24 movements This pattern is named after Se-Jong who was the 4th King of the Yi Dynasty. He was known for his many great achievements in domestic and foreign affairs, diplomacy, scientific advancements, defense matters and culture. His most remarkable achievement was his invention of "Hangeul", the Korean Alphabet. The 24 movements of this pattern represent the 24 letters of the "Hangeul". 통일 / 統一 – 56 movements Tong-Il means "unification" which is the ultimate goal of all Koreans. Korea used to be one country, but was divided into North and South Korea in 1945 by the ideological conflict between the USSR and the USA after World War II. Yon Mu Sun, the diagram of this pattern symbolizes the North and South becoming one. The Global Taekwondo Federation (GTF) is an offshoot of the International Taekwondo Federation (ITF). It was founded by Park Jung Tae in 1990. The GTF practices Choi's ITF Patterns, but in addition Park added six new patterns. GTF uses the original ITF form Ko-Dang, but never its replacement, Juche.[13] Jhoon Rhee Taekwondo or Jhoon Rhee's Martial Arts Ballet is the style of taekwondo developed by taekwondo pioneer Jhoon Rhee and overseen by the organization Jhoon Rhee International. The Jhoon Rhee-style of taekwondo originally used traditional taekwondo forms, then switched to ITF-style forms, then switched again to a set of forms developed by Jhoon Rhee. As a lover of dance and music, and someone who believed that the human form is the greatest of all works of art, Rhee wondered what it would be like to add music to the choreographed body movements of Tae Kwon Do, similar to the way that music is used in Olympic skating, ballroom dancing, and gymnastic floor exercise routines. Rhee choreographed several dances in ballet style, based on Tae Kwon Do moves, and set them to classical music, including Beethoven's Fifth Symphony and the theme from Exodus. The result of Rhee's invention—martial arts ballet—became the foundation for the musical forms competitions that are now popular at many martial arts tournaments in the U.S. The new art form has also found its way to Europe and Russia.[14] Jhoon Rhee Taekwondo uses ITF forms as its higher dan-level (Black Belt) forms The American Taekwondo Association (ATA) was founded in 1969 in Omaha, Nebraska by Haeng Ung Lee, a former Traditional Taekwondo instructor in the South Korean military. Songahm taekwondo is the style of martial arts practiced at ATA affiliated schools. Songahm means "Pine Tree and Rock." According to the ATA, the term Songahm itself represents "Evergreen strength the year round, long life and a symbol of unchanging human loyalty" as represented by the pine tree and the rock. There are several different Tang Soo Do organizations around the world, but they generally follow a similar course with regard to Hyeong. Most Tang Soo Do Hyeong are related by borrowing from Japanese/Okinawan kata, with the names often directly translated from the Japanese. Some schools teach new students the gicho/kicho, "basic," Hyeong: The Kicho Hyeong are extremely similar to the Taikyoku kata developed by Yoshitaka Funakoshi (son of the Japanese karate master Gichin Funakoshi). The embusen used are the same, the stances are the Tang Soo Do equivalent, and the blocks and strikes are virtually identical. There is great reason to believe that Hwang Kee based his Korean Kicho Hyeong on the Japanese Taikyoku kata. The Kicho Hyeong were developed as a basic, simple form for beginners. The symbol used in Tang Soo Do for the Kicho Hyeong is a human baby learning to walk. The pattern is also visible in the increasingly complex forms that follow. Hwang Kee used these forms to teach applications of basic moves and techniques. These forms are also influenced by the Wa Ka Ryu style of southern China. These and the Pyung Ahn forms to follow are characterized by speed, aggressiveness, dynamic action, and quick reaction. In the 1970s, Chuck Norris added new versions of the Giecho Hyung to his American Tang Soo Do system. Giecho Hyung Il Bu still resembles the original Korean/Japanese version, but Yi (Ee) Bu and Sahm Bu have been modified. Norris created advanced versions of Il Bu and Yi Bu, by adding kicks, reverse punches and switching between forward and back stances. The World Tang Soo Do Association has modified the Kicho Hyeong, adding some kicks to it: These are the very first forms you learn if you are a part of World Tang Soo Do Association,(WTSDA). The Pyong Ahn hyung are a series of five forms cognate in many ways to the pinan kata series of karate. They were reorganized by Master Itosu, an Okinawan practitioner of Tote and mentor of Funakoshi Gichin. They were originally a single form called Jae Nam (Channan). To make them easier to learn and safer for younger practitioners, the form was divided, and the more dangerous and lethal techniques were removed. These newly organized hyung were designed as training forms to prepare for Kong Sang Koon (Kusanku). For a more comprehensive description of these hyung see Pinan Kata. The phrase "pyong ahn" is often translated as "balance and security." These forms are usually taught after the gicho hyung. These forms were reorganized from their original form(called "Jae-Nam") in approximately 1870. In their original state they are run in sequence starting with the second form Pyong Ahn Ee Dan, to Pyong Ahn Cho Dan, and then to Pyong Ahn Sam Dan, Pyong Ahn Sa Dan, and Pyong Ahn O Dan, an order different from the order they are learned. Though designed as open hand forms (weaponless), their versatility allows weapon application very easily. Common adaptations include the sai, chool bong (nunchaku), and chung bong (middle staff). These forms show the influence of the southern China martial art style. The Pyung Ahn hyung can be represented by the tortoise. The tortoise is well balanced, calm, and peaceful (pyung) and it carries its "home" on its back in the form of its shell. These forms are meant as a means of defense and should promote security (ahn). Also like the tortoise, they are meant to inspire longevity through both balance and security. The Keema Hyeong series are borrowed from the naihanchi series of karate, and in fact some schools use the name Naihanchi for these forms. The level at which they are taught varies, but their difficulty and technicality means that they are most often reserved for red/black belts, though not always directly after each other. Hwang Kee assigned the Horse to represent the form. They are: The "Bassai" pattern, meaning "to penetrate a fortress," has cognates in both Chinese, Japanese and Korean martial arts. Moreover, there are many variations upon the two Bassai Hyeong present in Tang Soo Do, Bassai(Palche) So and Bassai(Palche) Deh. Some schools only practice Palche De, the "greater" of the two forms. These are usually higher-belt forms. The animal these forms represent is the snake. Meaning "Ten Hands," Ship Soo (or Sip Soo, depending on the Romanization) is cognate to the karate kata Jitte, though there are differences. Traditionally, this Hyeong contains only hand techniques (its name can be taken to mean "all hands"), but some styles of Tang Soo Do do include kicking techniques. Its variations are many, and depend on the school, as with all Hyeong. This form supposedly represents the bear. Jinte is a typically high-rank Hyeong, whose hanja can be read as "Battle East". The Hyeong requires balance with one legged techniques, and is often seen at tournament Hyeong competitions. ITF Tang Soo Do refers to the form as Jintae, instead of Chinto or Jindo. These two series of Hyeong were created by Hwang Kee, who founded the Moo Duk Kwan organization. Chil Sung literally means "Seven Stars" in Korean. These are presumably represented by the seven forms of the series. "Yuk" meaning "six" and "Ro" means "Path". These forms represent the "six paths" taken in connecting the Physical, Mental, and Spiritual in Tang Soo Do/ Soo Bahk Do. Chil Sung series:[15] Yuk Ro series: internet marketing for beginners building websitesCreating your own website. 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The�Best Ukuleles�created with koa are generally costlier, however.Mahogany is sometimes utilized in the mid-end ukuleles, and also the sound may be a touch bit quieter than those created with koa wood. Mahogany ukuleles give an excellent price and are generally an excellent mixture of quality and affordability.Spruce and cedar�are also�common wood varieties, however, they are on the lower finish of quality.It’s additionally doable to search out ukuleles that aren't fabricated from wood at all! Plastic ukuleles are a comparatively new development that has astonishingly sensible sound and extreme skillfulness and sturdiness.astral travel for beginnersAre you currently planning the first caused astral travel�experience? Are you currently concerned about which tips, techniques, techniques and methods are secure? If you are NOT, you ought to be! You will find a lot of techniques available suggested to beginners attempting to project which i don't suggest, and believe that a number of them are completely harmful, even when you've been practicing for some time!vKnowing that, Let me have a fast and informative consider a couple of important ideas to make certain you are next easy astral projection session is protected, productive and effective! (because after you have the first amazing experience of the ethereal area, there is little ever look quite exactly the same again!) Curious to understand more? Great....continue blood pressure measurements once we take particular notice below!Filed Under: Just Refuse! (you will find... you need to do understand what I am mentioning to)Harmful medicine is an entire and utter "no-no" for easy astral projection, you will find, I know that lots of people recommend experimentation with foreign substances to attain From body encounters. The fact is that most of the drugs being suggested are not only seen illegal, but even those that are legal are harmful, and may possibly result in complications that you just can't predict. Plus, which is just as vital that you me, you can't simply tell that which was a hallucination, versus that which was really "real", in the perspective of the experience, if you have taken an overseas substance. I do not recommend it, and hope you'll stay with natural paranormal path for the first OBE.Filed Under: Bring a palHonestly? There's something incredible about projecting having a partner. A lot of the seminal people in OBE phenomena practiced in "2's", as well as Robert Monroe (founding father of the Monroe Institute and among the modern pioneers within the search for awareness) regularly got his BEST information while projecting with buddies. Additionally, it, obviously, can also add an excellent layer of reliability towards the authenticity from the experience...i.e., if you have BOTH seen something while "out", it's not as likely it had been an item of the imagination!Filed Under: Cause the BeatsBinural beats and brain entrainment technologies are a terrific way to securely explore the ethereal area, FAR quicker than through simple meditative practice alone. Within my personal journey, it has been an instrumental bit of the puzzle, and that i rarely attempt to induce an OBE any longer without them. (and it also simply feels great as well!)The conclusion?Astral travel�is essentially safe, simple and easy , a lot of fun. But beginners can frequently face challenges more experienced projectors don't... so simply by following simple tips like above, you are likelihood of getting a secure, effective and SCINTILLATING experience rises significantly!�internet marketing for beginners why build a listWhen it comes to Internet Marketing for beginners, there�s no better way to guarantee your success than by building a loyal, targeted database, of opt-in subscribers. Once you have a list you own it! ...When it comes to Internet Marketing for beginners, there�s no better way to guarantee your success than by building a loyal, targeted database, of opt-in subscribers. Once you have a list you own it! Nobody can take it away from you. There aren�t too many other business assets you can say the same thing about. For most businesses, you can quickly see a dramatic turn in sales and/or profits (virtually overnight) if big competition happens to settle into your market. It happens everyday in every industry imaginable. Think about all those small grocery stores in all those small towns across the country...� and think about what happened when Wal-Mart opened.But once you build a list of �permission based� opt-in email subscribers... it doesn�t matter how much competition you have in your market.� You�ve already built a rock solid foundation.� A strong customer base eager and willing to hear from you over and over again. So... what does that mean for your profits?That means you can send targeted offers to your list on a regular basis (whenever you want, as often as you want) and there�s nobody stopping you! You have full control. What types of offers?� Let me explain�.As they say, there�s more than one way to skin a cat. On the Internet... there�s certainly more than one way to make a great living, and my personal favorite tool for generating income is Email Marketing. Email Marketing all starts with building a loyal, targeted list of opt-in subscribers within your niche. Once you have that loyal list... your opportunities are endless: - You can promote your own products.- You can promote affiliate products.- You can do all of the above... and more!Unfortunately the subject of Email Marketing can become extremely complex. Entire books and courses have been written and produced on the subject. The actual topic (as a whole) is outside the scope of this article but I will briefly touch upon some important and interesting (and very profitable) points.The truth is...� I can send an email to any of my lists any time I�d like and know with 100% certainty that I�ll see a profit from that email. How do I know? Because I continue to market to my lists on a regular basis.� And they all continue to make me a generous income month after month after month.� I bring up this point because I want you to understand just how important it is to start today building a list and focusing the majority of your online efforts on this one extremely important marketing tool. Suppliers will come and go.Products get discontinued everyday.� Search engine ranking fall off the charts without warning.The list goes on and on... There are dozens upon dozens of variables that can affect your business and ultimately your profits that are unforeseen and totally out of your control. But if you focus your efforts on building a list in your niche then none of that matters. Your list is yours and yours alone! It will make you money week after week.internet marketing for beginners what is a squeeze pageWhen it comes to Internet Marketing for beginners, there�s no better way to guarantee your success than by building a loyal, targeted database of opt-in subscribers....internet marketing for beginners product recommendationsHere is an example, again using �Crocheting�. If I had an E-Book about Crocheting I might add something like this in the �Helpful Resources� section:Additional Reading: I highly recommend Kris Perry�s...Here is an example, again using �Crocheting�. If I had an E-Book about Crocheting I might add something like this in the �Helpful Resources� section:Additional Reading: I highly recommend Kris Perry�s �Official Guide to Crochet�. I found this an invaluable resource as I was getting started learning the basics.See that? Believe it or not, it�s that easy.� I found the product� on Clickbank and each time someone buys it through my link, I earn about $25 bucks!When you are doing stuff like this you should really avoid hype at all costs. It is better to sound low key and confident than to scream and seek attention. Make it just another part of your E-Book.Remember, prospects are not stupid. They are actually turning to experts and may already know the things that you know. If you back up your claims with hard facts and data, they would gladly put down hundreds, or even thousands worth of money to act on your recommendations. But if you don�t, they are smart enough to try and look at your competitors and what they are offering.Before you add recommendations to you product, it is given that you should try and test the product and support. Do not run the risk of promoting junk products and services. Just think how long it took you to build credibility and trust among your visitors. All that will take to destroy it is one big mistake on your part.If possible, only recommend products that you have 100% confidence in. Test the product before you begin to promote it.� This will ensure that the people you are referring will not be left high and dry if a problem should arise. vital hint in the make money online business for beginners concentrate on one keyword phraseLearn to make money online by following the advice of those who are already successful at the Internet Marketing business. Here is a simple, but powerful tip for beginners to maintain their focus.flat fee jobs advertised on job portals provides employment opportunities for beginnersWhen beginners, mostly the newly graduated individuals step into the fast paced world, they may face many hardships for finding a good job.� Such individuals should preferably search for a beneficial recruitment company. The recruitment companies provide the candidates with the best suitable employment opportunities. These companies help such people to reach to their destination without wasting much time and energy. The most suitable category of job for the beginners is flat fee jobs. As the name indicates, it is the job type which contains are fixed amount which is given to the employee regardless of the work he performed. As beginners are inexperienced people, they don�t really know about the art of performing excellently in their fields so they tend to make more mistakes as compared to those who have great know-how about their work. As beginners are in the learning process so their basic preference should be gaining experience rather than gathering money. Flat fee jobs provide them the best platform through which they can earn money as well as gain experience. These jobs train them to achieve much more in future.There are several ways in which flat fee jobs can be searched. Recruitment companies provide an easy platform in this regard. These companies have special arrangements for candidates from where individuals can seek help and guidance. Beginners need to provide their curriculum vitae which are then viewed by the clients associated with that particular recruitment company. These recruitment agencies give direct access to the companies providing such jobs. Candidates don�t have to waste their time in hiring a recruitment consultant or by submitting their curriculum vitae in various firms and giving interviews. The recruitment companies have made work easy for both: for companies who wish to hire people and for the candidates who want to work for them. The recruitment system has bridged the gap between the job seekers and corporate companies.Internet is another medium which has made life much more comfortable and relaxing. Web recruitment has opened up new dimension in the world of recruitment. Candidates can now just sit at home and just upload their curriculum vitae on website of these recruitment companies. The website provides details about the company, it also guide those people who are new to these recruiting processes. Clients and candidates who are in search of each other can be met through these recruiting companies. Websites of recruiting companies display the job opportunities for the job seekers. All the required details are mentioned clearly. By displaying these jobs opportunities they help their clients in selecting potential candidates for their work on the other hand they assist the candidates to apply for their dream job. Furthermore, these companies also use softwares which can help them in screening candidates, only eligible candidate are referred to the clients. Flat fee recruitment proves to be advantageous for the candidates as it helps them in getting updates which they require the most. Recruitment companies may mention they criterion according to which only eligible candidates should apply.learn seo best seo guide beginners 2020 1757881 What SEO means? SEO is known as Search Engine Optimization. It is a process where we optimize our websites as per Google rule, so we can rank our websites on Google's 1st page. In simple words increasing the quality and quantity of website traffic by improving the visibility of a website or a web page on the search engine. SEO is also known as an organic/unpaid technique to rank websites or web pages. Why Search Engine Optimization is important In this competitive Digital Marketing world, SEO is more important than ever. Millions of people search every day, looking for the solution to their queries/problems. It helps us to improve our website or blog visibility in Google SERP, and get organic traffic. Learn about the importance of SEO - Now we know the basics of SEO. We are ready to Learn SEO (a beginner's guide). Below is what SEO consists of - Keyword Research So, let's start with keyword research which is one of the most crucial parts of SEO, without which SEO can't be done or executed. So, what is a keyword? The keyword is a term or phrase that user type in google search box or any other search engine search box. There are mainly two types of keywords - Below mentioned are some free tools that you can use to do keyword research - Types of SEO There are mainly 3 types of SEO, which are as follows - 1.White Hat SEO. It means where we follow the guidelines of Google to get a higher ranking on Google SERP. Most used/practice white hat techniques. 2.Black Hat SEO. It means where we don't follow the guideline of Google for ranking. In this technique, we use loopholes for getting higher ranking on SERP, for which Google can ban your website. If you want your website to rank for a long term period then you must practice white hat technique and save your website from getting a ban. 3.Gray Hat SEO. It is somewhat between black hat and white hat technique but still, it is not a safer way to rank a website. Here are some examples of Gray Hat technique SEO for Beginners Now let's dive deeper to Know more about SEO SEO is divided into three parts. What is On-Page- On-page is a practice/technique to optimize particular/individual web pages to rank on SERP and get relevant traffic. In on-page, we optimize both HTML source code and content of the web pages. On page include the following activities as mentioned below What is Off-Page- Off-page refers to those activities we do to improve our page visibility on Google SERP. In simple language on off-page, we focus on quality link building through various techniques. What Technical SEO means It means optimizing your websites for the crawler. In other words, optimizing your website for crawling and indexing your website. So crawlers can index your website without any problems. Best practice for Technical SEO. Beginner Link Building Strategy What is Link Building? Link building is a process of getting quality backlinks from relevant websites. What are backlinks? The links you are getting from another website are known as backlinks which are generally hypertext links. Why Link Building is Important It is one of the most important factors in Google rank. Search engines use links to explore new content and webpages to determine the authority of a website based on the authority passed from external sources/another website. It means that a website link profile is one of the most important ranking factors. Types of Backlinks Dofollow links allow google/crawlers to follow them and the authority of the linking page pass to the linked page. This authority is also often called the "link juice". Nofollow links do not allow google/crawlers to follow them and the authority of the linking page does not pass to the linked page. Now let us understand the quality of backlinks. Quality backlinks depend on three aspects Link Building Strategy. 1. Social Bookmarking Social bookmarking are the site where user can share or bookmark their content, web pages, images, and videos. Here are some popular social bookmarking sites. 2. Web 2.0 (Blog Submissions) Web 2.0 is a technique used to share your content on various platforms. here are some sites of Web 2.0 - They are some famous and best Web 2.0 submissions sites. 3. Quora Quora is a QNA (Question and answer) platform from which you can bring good and high-quality traffic to your website or blog by giving anchor text on your answer, but keep in mind your answer must be good and trustworthy then only you get high-quality traffic to your website. Note [ While giving anchor text you must focus on your target keywords and anchor text must be relevant] 4. Article submissions Through Article Submissions you can generate high-quality backlinks for your website or blog and you can drive high-quality traffic. Here are some websites for submitting articles. 5. Image Submissions It means submitting your images to image promotion websites. There are different image submissions websites present on the web, but here are some of the best websites you can make use of 6. Other Link Building techniques You can use this technique to generate more backlinks. So, here are our best link building techniques we personally use to rank our websites and blogs. Hope this SEO guide helped you learn the basics of SEO. seo beginners guide new owners 364626Before starting your own blog for the first time, you better mug up some SEO or Search Engine Optimization tips. Although SEO for beginners seem to be quite a mysterious thing, but SEO is nothing but a way of writing content and structure your site to please Google. A pleased Google will then send you more and more traffic through searches. More traffic includes more readers, customers or leads.Search engine optimization is not a big deal. SEO for beginners include some efforts on the part of new owners in order to get their message out to the masses. Here are some important features that you need to know to kick start your site and attract more traffic.First Keyword: You must include the first word of your meta tag keyword section in the meta title tag. This helps the search engine to mark the word as important for your SEO and thus, more weight will be put on it. It is really helpful for you to rank high for those designated keywords in search results.Meta Tags: All the meta tags in your website must be unique to attract more and more traffic. A good product must never have the same meta information as the home page. Different meta information can actually help you to attract different types of visitors. Before you start the process of onsite optimization, you must point out the targeted keywords for your web page.H1 Tags: Never forget to give H1 tags to your pages. It is a bolded header that acts as a title and sits above any piece of content. You can include an important keyword in this area but do not over stuff it. Bolded paragraphs often have good SEO chances when search spiders read and rank it.Launch A Blog: Search engines always favor blogs and so, it would be better if you ad new contents to your website and keep the traffic engaged. Again, you can interlink important pages from your site to your post, it will help your internal linking structure. With time, your blog posts will rank in search results and bring in more traffic. Your individual blog posts can help you in a great way if you want to market your business.Interlink: Interlink your pages all over your website since interlinking is very important part of SEO. You can hyperlink the keywords that come in the copy of your website and also link the keywords in other pages of your website. If you interlink your website, you can make your site appear like a huge spider web. Interlinking also offer shortcuts to pages of your website as well as other important pages.Alt Tags: Optimize your website images for image search and each image must have keyword placement. The keyword placement must describe what is going on in the image while using the targeted keywords.URL Structures: Optimize your URL structures when you are optimizing your own website. Changing the URL structures can help you gain in ranking.All in all, these are some things to focus on whether you are starting up your website or optimizing your older one. This article will surely be of great advantage as SEO for beginners.seo tips beginners 699162seo beginners what keywords 212432advanced seo course beginners advanced seo training 144099710 seo training tips beginners 1215037search engine optimization beginners easy tips 38 tricks 284096getting most seo value all one seo pack part 1 213839keyword research beginners 164058seo tips beginners round two 104119what search engine optimization seo guide beginners 103679using advanced seo ranking your site 30740When it comes to using SEO for ranking your site, do you use advanced SEO in order to improve your ranking? The short answer is yes. When it concerns business, especially internet business, anything that you can do to legally improve your ranking should be utilized. Now there are many different advanced techniques that are so to speak, different colors that can be utilized for working with SEO. There are black, grey and white hat techniques that can be used. It is up to the reader to decide for themselves which techniques to use for ranking.No matter what the color is that you use, you need to consider what technique will be best for you and your business. There are too many advanced techniques to list in this article. Doing research on the different techniques is advised as then you can find the ones that will not only supplement any other techniques but also add to the potential of page ranking. Now be aware that there is a lot of information on the internet that will supposedly help you with the advanced techniques. You need to be very careful about sources of information on the internet.There are many different resources for you to use when looking for advanced techniques. Why use simple techniques if you can use advanced is the question that I am hearing. There are many different reasons for this. Using a combination of the two can indeed raise your page ranking in a search engine. You have to have both of these in the right combination so that your ranking does rise. What combination that you use is really up to you. Be aware that some of the black hat techniques can and do get you into trouble.With that being said, you have to know what you are selling or promoting as well as the best use of any SEO technique. This can be a minefield for beginners so be very careful. The advanced techniques should only be used by advanced users of SEO. Search engine optimization can be misunderstood at times. It can also be very confusing to say the very least. Advanced techniques can help a page ranking but it is up to the individual as what will work with their site and what they are trying to accomplish. It can be hard to say the least.SEO can be difficult to understand for a beginner and only an advanced user should try any of the advanced techniques in correlation with their web site. The main purpose is the ranking or higher ranking of a site by a search engine. This is what brings you both business and visitors that will become business. It is simply that simple. SEO is what brings you the business and by using the advanced techniques, you can raise your ranking within a month or so. However with that being said, be aware that there are times when possibly it can rise faster with the use of the advanced SEO techniques.how do effective seo your construction website 2020 1762941seo link building guide beginners best 10 link building techniques 16949215 familiar misconceptions concerning digital marketing beginners 1617275Local SEO Somerset | +44 7976 625722Contact Us Today!+44 7976 62572249B Bridle Way, Barwick, Yeovil, BA22 9TNhttps://sites.google.com/site/localseoservicesgold/http://www.localseoservicescompany.co.uk/