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Website content writer

A Website content writer or web content writer is a person who specializes in providing relevant content for websites.

Every website has a specific target audience and requires the most relevant content to attract business.

Content should contain keywords (specific business-related terms, which internet users might use in order to search for services or products) aimed towards improving a website's SEO.

Generally, a Website content writer who has got this knowledge of SEO is also referred to as an SEO Content Writer.

Most story pieces are centered on marketing products or services, though this is not always the case.

Some websites are informational only and do not sell a product or service.

These websites are often news sites or blogs.

Informational sites educate the reader with complex information that is easy to understand and retain.

There is a growing demand for skilled web content writing on the Internet.

Quality content often translates into higher revenues for online businesses.

Website owners and managers depend on content writers to perform several major tasks: Website content writing aims for relevance and search-ability.

Relevance means that the website text should be useful and beneficial to readers.

Search-ability indicates usage of keywords to help search engines direct users to websites that meet their search criteria.

There are various ways through which websites come up with article writing, and one of them is outsourcing of the content writing.

However, it is riskier than other options, as not all writers can write content specific to the web.

Content can be written for various purposes in various forms.

The most popular forms of content writing are: The content in website differs based on the product or service it is used for.

Writing online is different from composing and constructing content for printed materials.

Web users tend to scan text instead of reading it closely, skipping what they perceive to be unnecessary information and hunting for what they regard as most relevant.

It is estimated that seventy-nine percent of users scan web content.

It is also reported that it takes twenty-five percent more time to scan content online compared to print content.[1] Web content writers must have the skills to insert paragraphs and headlines containing keywords for search engine optimization, as well as to make sure their composition is clear, to reach their target market.

They need to be skilled writers and good at engaging an audience as well as understanding the needs of web users.

Website content writing is frequently outsourced to external providers, such as individual web copywriters or for larger or more complex projects, a specialized digital marketing agency.

It shall be said that most of the content writers also spend time learning about digital marketing with more focus on Search Engine Optimization, Pay Per Click, Social Media Optimization etc.

so that they can develop right content which can help clients with marketing business easily.

Digital marketing agencies combine copy-writing services with a range of editorial and associated services, that may include brand positioning, message consulting, social media, SEO consulting, developmental and copy editing, proofreading, fact checking, layout, content syndication, and design.

Outsourcing allows businesses to focus on core competencies and to benefit from the specialized knowledge of professional copywriters and editors.

Content writing services

Content writing services (also known as online Content writing services and content marketing services) is a category of work that first surfaced in the early 1990s, due to an exponential rise in online activities.[1] Content writing aims to provide the "speech" to a website, summarising what the website is about and explaining what the site offers to potential customers.

The availability of the global job market means Content writing services vary in the paid-for services on offer.

In general, most content writing organizations offer the writing of article copy, blog posts, press releases, web page information, product descriptions and other corporate material.

While different pricing scales apply to these categories (depending on the company), most providers charge a fixed "by the word" rate.

Adoption of the World Wide Web spread across the globe during the early 1990s.

With it came the ability for businesses to represent themselves through a website, enabling visitors to obtain relevant information and engage with their favorite brands.[citation needed] Later came search engines like Yahoo, Google, and Bing.

Their goal was to categorize information found on the internet and present it to those who were searching for it.

This information, known as web content, became intrinsic to the modern Web in years to come.[citation needed] The demand made by search engines for credible and well-organized information led to the development of commercial Content writing services.[citation needed] Content writers aim to write the company's desired text in a manner that completely aligns with the brand's values, ethos and style.

The 21st century distinguishes Content writing services into multiple segments.

Such categorization comes from a diversified approach of presenting information in the World Wide Web Consortium.

Today, in addition to its utilization for commercial descriptive purposes, individuals have taken up writing as a means to communicate with their global audience.

The main subdivisions of Content writing services today include.

Search engine optimization

Search engine optimization (SEO) is the process of growing the quality and quantity of website traffic by increasing the visibility of a website or a web page to users of a web search engine.[1] SEO refers to the improvement of unpaid results (known as "natural" or "organic" results) and excludes direct traffic and the purchase of paid placement.

Additionally, it may target different kinds of searches, including image search, video search, academic search,[2] news search, and industry-specific vertical search engines.

Promoting a site to increase the number of backlinks, or inbound links, is another SEO tactic.

By May 2015, mobile search had surpassed desktop search.[3] As an Internet marketing strategy, SEO considers how search engines work, the computer-programmed algorithms that dictate search engine behavior, what people search for, the actual search terms or keywords typed into search engines, and which search engines are preferred by their targeted audience.

SEO is performed because a website will receive more visitors from a search engine when website ranks are higher in the search engine results page (SERP).

These visitors can then be converted into customers.[4] SEO differs from local Search engine optimization in that the latter is focused on optimizing a business' online presence so that its web pages will be displayed by search engines when a user enters a local search for its products or services.

The former instead is more focused on national or international searches.

Webmasters and content providers began optimizing websites for search engines in the mid-1990s, as the first search engines were cataloging the early Web.

Initially, all webmasters only needed to submit the address of a page, or URL, to the various engines which would send a web crawler to crawl that page, extract links to other pages from it, and return information found on the page to be indexed.[5] The process involves a search engine spider downloading a page and storing it on the search engine's own server.

A second program, known as an indexer, extracts information about the page, such as the words it contains, where they are located, and any weight for specific words, as well as all links the page contains.

All of this information is then placed into a scheduler for crawling at a later date.

Website owners recognized the value of a high ranking and visibility in search engine results,[6] creating an opportunity for both white hat and black hat SEO practitioners.

According to industry analyst Danny Sullivan, the phrase "Search engine optimization" probably came into use in 1997.

Sullivan credits Bruce Clay as one of the first people to popularize the term.[7] On May 2, 2007,[8] Jason Gambert attempted to trademark the term SEO by convincing the Trademark Office in Arizona[9] that SEO is a "process" involving manipulation of keywords and not a "marketing service." Early versions of search algorithms relied on webmaster-provided information such as the keyword meta tag or index files in engines like ALIWEB.

Meta tags provide a guide to each page's content.

Using metadata to index pages was found to be less than reliable, however, because the webmaster's choice of keywords in the meta tag could potentially be an inaccurate representation of the site's actual content.

Inaccurate, incomplete, and inconsistent data in meta tags could and did cause pages to rank for irrelevant searches.[10][dubious – discuss] Web content providers also manipulated some attributes within the HTML source of a page in an attempt to rank well in search engines.[11] By 1997, search engine designers recognized that webmasters were making efforts to rank well in their search engine, and that some webmasters were even manipulating their rankings in search results by stuffing pages with excessive or irrelevant keywords.

Early search engines, such as Altavista and Infoseek, adjusted their algorithms to prevent webmasters from manipulating rankings.[12] By relying so much on factors such as keyword density which were exclusively within a webmaster's control, early search engines suffered from abuse and ranking manipulation.

To provide better results to their users, search engines had to adapt to ensure their results pages showed the most relevant search results, rather than unrelated pages stuffed with numerous keywords by unscrupulous webmasters.

This meant moving away from heavy reliance on term density to a more holistic process for scoring semantic signals.[13] Since the success and popularity of a search engine is determined by its ability to produce the most relevant results to any given search, poor quality or irrelevant search results could lead users to find other search sources.

Search engines responded by developing more complex ranking algorithms, taking into account additional factors that were more difficult for webmasters to manipulate.

In 2005, an annual conference, AIRWeb (Adversarial Information Retrieval on the Web), was created to bring together practitioners and researchers concerned with Search engine optimization and related topics.[14] Companies that employ overly aggressive techniques can get their client websites banned from the search results.

In 2005, the Wall Street Journal reported on a company, Traffic Power, which allegedly used high-risk techniques and failed to disclose those risks to its clients.[15] Wired magazine reported that the same company sued blogger and SEO Aaron Wall for writing about the ban.[16] Google's Matt Cutts later confirmed that Google did in fact ban Traffic Power and some of its clients.[17] Some search engines have also reached out to the SEO industry, and are frequent sponsors and guests at SEO conferences, webchats, and seminars.

Major search engines provide information and guidelines to help with website optimization.[18][19] Google has a Sitemaps program to help webmasters learn if Google is having any problems indexing their website and also provides data on Google traffic to the website.[20] Bing Webmaster Tools provides a way for webmasters to submit a sitemap and web feeds, allows users to determine the "crawl rate", and track the web pages index status.

In 2015, it was reported that Google was developing and promoting mobile search as a key feature within future products.

In response, many brands began to take a different approach to their Internet marketing strategies.[21] In 1998, two graduate students at Stanford University, Larry Page and Sergey Brin, developed "Backrub", a search engine that relied on a mathematical algorithm to rate the prominence of web pages.

The number calculated by the algorithm, PageRank, is a function of the quantity and strength of inbound links.[22] PageRank estimates the likelihood that a given page will be reached by a web user who randomly surfs the web, and follows links from one page to another.

In effect, this means that some links are stronger than others, as a higher PageRank page is more likely to be reached by the random web surfer.

Page and Brin founded Google in 1998.[23] Google attracted a loyal following among the growing number of Internet users, who liked its simple design.[24] Off-page factors (such as PageRank and hyperlink analysis) were considered as well as on-page factors (such as keyword frequency, meta tags, headings, links and site structure) to enable Google to avoid the kind of manipulation seen in search engines that only considered on-page factors for their rankings.

Although PageRank was more difficult to game, webmasters had already developed link building tools and schemes to influence the Inktomi search engine, and these methods proved similarly applicable to gaming PageRank.

Many sites focused on exchanging, buying, and selling links, often on a massive scale.

Some of these schemes, or link farms, involved the creation of thousands of sites for the sole purpose of link spamming.[25] By 2004, search engines had incorporated a wide range of undisclosed factors in their ranking algorithms to reduce the impact of link manipulation.

In June 2007, The New York Times' Saul Hansell stated Google ranks sites using more than 200 different signals.[26] The leading search engines, Google, Bing, and Yahoo, do not disclose the algorithms they use to rank pages.

Some SEO practitioners have studied different approaches to Search engine optimization, and have shared their personal opinions.[27] Patents related to search engines can provide information to better understand search engines.[28] In 2005, Google began personalizing search results for each user.

Depending on their history of previous searches, Google crafted results for logged in users.[29] In 2007, Google announced a campaign against paid links that transfer PageRank.[30] On June 15, 2009, Google disclosed that they had taken measures to mitigate the effects of PageRank sculpting by use of the nofollow attribute on links.

Matt Cutts, a well-known software engineer at Google, announced that Google Bot would no longer treat any nofollow links, in the same way, to prevent SEO service providers from using nofollow for PageRank sculpting.[31] As a result of this change the usage of nofollow led to evaporation of PageRank.

In order to avoid the above, SEO engineers developed alternative techniques that replace nofollowed tags with obfuscated JavaScript and thus permit PageRank sculpting.

Additionally several solutions have been suggested that include the usage of iframes, Flash and JavaScript.[32] In December 2009, Google announced it would be using the web search history of all its users in order to populate search results.[33] On June 8, 2010 a new web indexing system called Google Caffeine was announced.

Designed to allow users to find news results, forum posts and other content much sooner after publishing than before, Google caffeine was a change to the way Google updated its index in order to make things show up quicker on Google than before.

According to Carrie Grimes, the software engineer who announced Caffeine for Google, "Caffeine provides 50 percent fresher results for web searches than our last index..."[34] Google Instant, real-time-search, was introduced in late 2010 in an attempt to make search results more timely and relevant.

Historically site administrators have spent months or even years optimizing a website to increase search rankings.

With the growth in popularity of social media sites and blogs the leading engines made changes to their algorithms to allow fresh content to rank quickly within the search results.[35] In February 2011, Google announced the Panda update, which penalizes websites containing content duplicated from other websites and sources.

Historically websites have copied content from one another and benefited in search engine rankings by engaging in this practice.

However, Google implemented a new system which punishes sites whose content is not unique.[36] The 2012 Google Penguin attempted to penalize websites that used manipulative techniques to improve their rankings on the search engine.[37] Although Google Penguin has been presented as an algorithm aimed at fighting web spam, it really focuses on spammy links[38] by gauging the quality of the sites the links are coming from.

The 2013 Google Hummingbird update featured an algorithm change designed to improve Google's natural language processing and semantic understanding of web pages.

Hummingbird's language processing system falls under the newly recognized term of "conversational search" where the system pays more attention to each word in the query in order to better match the pages to the meaning of the query rather than a few words.[39] With regards to the changes made to Search engine optimization, for content publishers and writers, Hummingbird is intended to resolve issues by getting rid of irrelevant content and spam, allowing Google to produce high-quality content and rely on them to be 'trusted' authors.

In October 2019, Google announced they would start applying BERT models for english language search queries in the US.

Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) was another attempt by Google to improve their natural language processing but this time in order to better understand the search queries of their users.[40] In terms of Search engine optimization, BERT intended to connect users more easily to relevant content and increase the quality of traffic coming to websites that are ranking in the Search Engine Results Page.[41] The leading search engines, such as Google, Bing and Yahoo!, use crawlers to find pages for their algorithmic search results.

Pages that are linked from other search engine indexed pages do not need to be submitted because they are found automatically.

The Yahoo! Directory and DMOZ, two major directories which closed in 2014 and 2017 respectively, both required manual submission and human editorial review.[42] Google offers Google Search Console, for which an XML Sitemap feed can be created and submitted for free to ensure that all pages are found, especially pages that are not discoverable by automatically following links[43] in addition to their URL submission console.[44] Yahoo! formerly operated a paid submission service that guaranteed crawling for a cost per click;[45] however, this practice was discontinued in 2009.

Search engine crawlers may look at a number of different factors when crawling a site.

Not every page is indexed by the search engines.

The distance of pages from the root directory of a site may also be a factor in whether or not pages get crawled.[46] Today, most people are searching on Google using a mobile device.[47] In November 2016, Google announced a major change to the way crawling websites and started to make their index mobile-first, which means the mobile version of a given website becomes the starting point for what Google includes in their index.[48] In May 2019, Google updated the rendering engine of their crawler to be the latest version of Chromium (74 at the time of the announcement).

Google indicated that they would regularly update the Chromium rendering engine to the latest version.

[49] In December of 2019, Google began updating the User-Agent string of their crawler to reflect the latest Chrome version used by their rendering service.

The delay was to allow webmasters time to update their code that responded to particular bot User-Agent strings.

Google ran evaluations and felt confident the impact would be minor.

[50] To avoid undesirable content in the search indexes, webmasters can instruct spiders not to crawl certain files or directories through the standard robots.txt file in the root directory of the domain.

Additionally, a page can be explicitly excluded from a search engine's database by using a meta tag specific to robots (usually <meta name="robots" content="noindex"> ).

When a search engine visits a site, the robots.txt located in the root directory is the first file crawled.

The robots.txt file is then parsed and will instruct the robot as to which pages are not to be crawled.

As a search engine crawler may keep a cached copy of this file, it may on occasion crawl pages a webmaster does not wish crawled.

Pages typically prevented from being crawled include login specific pages such as shopping carts and user-specific content such as search results from internal searches.

In March 2007, Google warned webmasters that they should prevent indexing of internal search results because those pages are considered search spam.[51] A variety of methods can increase the prominence of a webpage within the search results.

Cross linking between pages of the same website to provide more links to important pages may improve its visibility.[52] Writing content that includes frequently searched keyword phrase, so as to be relevant to a wide variety of search queries will tend to increase traffic.[52] Updating content so as to keep search engines crawling back frequently can give additional weight to a site.

Adding relevant keywords to a web page's metadata, including the title tag and meta description, will tend to improve the relevancy of a site's search listings, thus increasing traffic.

URL canonicalization of web pages accessible via multiple URLs, using the canonical link element[53] or via 301 redirects can help make sure links to different versions of the URL all count towards the page's link popularity score.

SEO techniques can be classified into two broad categories: techniques that search engine companies recommend as part of good design ("white hat"), and those techniques of which search engines do not approve ("black hat").

The search engines attempt to minimize the effect of the latter, among them spamdexing.

Industry commentators have classified these methods, and the practitioners who employ them, as either white hat SEO, or black hat SEO.[54] White hats tend to produce results that last a long time, whereas black hats anticipate that their sites may eventually be banned either temporarily or permanently once the search engines discover what they are doing.[55] An SEO technique is considered white hat if it conforms to the search engines' guidelines and involves no deception.

As the search engine guidelines[18][19][56] are not written as a series of rules or commandments, this is an important distinction to note.

White hat SEO is not just about following guidelines but is about ensuring that the content a search engine indexes and subsequently ranks is the same content a user will see.

White hat advice is generally summed up as creating content for users, not for search engines, and then making that content easily accessible to the online "spider" algorithms, rather than attempting to trick the algorithm from its intended purpose.

White hat SEO is in many ways similar to web development that promotes accessibility,[57] although the two are not identical.

Black hat SEO attempts to improve rankings in ways that are disapproved of by the search engines, or involve deception.

One black hat technique uses hidden text, either as text colored similar to the background, in an invisible div, or positioned off screen.

Another method gives a different page depending on whether the page is being requested by a human visitor or a search engine, a technique known as cloaking.

Another category sometimes used is grey hat SEO.

This is in between black hat and white hat approaches, where the methods employed avoid the site being penalized but do not act in producing the best content for users.

Grey hat SEO is entirely focused on improving search engine rankings.

Search engines may penalize sites they discover using black or grey hat methods, either by reducing their rankings or eliminating their listings from their databases altogether.

Such penalties can be applied either automatically by the search engines' algorithms, or by a manual site review.

One example was the February 2006 Google removal of both BMW Germany and Ricoh Germany for use of deceptive practices.[58] Both companies, however, quickly apologized, fixed the offending pages, and were restored to Google's search engine results page.[59] SEO is not an appropriate strategy for every website, and other Internet marketing strategies can be more effective, such as paid advertising through pay per click (PPC) campaigns, depending on the site operator's goals.

Search engine marketing (SEM) is the practice of designing, running and optimizing search engine ad campaigns.[60] Its difference from SEO is most simply depicted as the difference between paid and unpaid priority ranking in search results.

Its purpose regards prominence more so than relevance; website developers should regard SEM with the utmost importance with consideration to visibility as most navigate to the primary listings of their search.[61] A successful Internet marketing campaign may also depend upon building high quality web pages to engage and persuade, setting up analytics programs to enable site owners to measure results, and improving a site's conversion rate.[62] In November 2015, Google released a full 160 page version of its Search Quality Rating Guidelines to the public,[63] which revealed a shift in their focus towards "usefulness" and mobile search.

In recent years the mobile market has exploded, overtaking the use of desktops, as shown in by StatCounter in October 2016 where they analyzed 2.5 million websites and found that 51.3% of the pages were loaded by a mobile device.[64] Google has been one of the companies that are utilizing the popularity of mobile usage by encouraging websites to use their Google Search Console, the Mobile-Friendly Test, which allows companies to measure up their website to the search engine results and how user-friendly it is.

SEO may generate an adequate return on investment.

However, search engines are not paid for organic search traffic, their algorithms change, and there are no guarantees of continued referrals.

Due to this lack of guarantees and certainty, a business that relies heavily on search engine traffic can suffer major losses if the search engines stop sending visitors.[65] Search engines can change their algorithms, impacting a website's placement, possibly resulting in a serious loss of traffic.

According to Google's CEO, Eric Schmidt, in 2010, Google made over 500 algorithm changes – almost 1.5 per day.[66] It is considered a wise business practice for website operators to liberate themselves from dependence on search engine traffic.[67] In addition to accessibility in terms of web crawlers (addressed above), user web accessibility has become increasingly important for SEO.

Optimization techniques are highly tuned to the dominant search engines in the target market.

The search engines' market shares vary from market to market, as does competition.

In 2003, Danny Sullivan stated that Google represented about 75% of all searches.[68] In markets outside the United States, Google's share is often larger, and Google remains the dominant search engine worldwide as of 2007.[69] As of 2006, Google had an 85–90% market share in Germany.[70] While there were hundreds of SEO firms in the US at that time, there were only about five in Germany.[70] As of June 2008, the market share of Google in the UK was close to 90% according to Hitwise.[71] That market share is achieved in a number of countries.

As of 2009, there are only a few large markets where Google is not the leading search engine.

In most cases, when Google is not leading in a given market, it is lagging behind a local player.

The most notable example markets are China, Japan, South Korea, Russia and the Czech Republic where respectively Baidu, Yahoo! Japan, Naver, Yandex and Seznam are market leaders.

Successful search optimization for international markets may require professional translation of web pages, registration of a domain name with a top level domain in the target market, and web hosting that provides a local IP address.

Otherwise, the fundamental elements of search optimization are essentially the same, regardless of language.[70] On October 17, 2002, SearchKing filed suit in the United States District Court, Western District of Oklahoma, against the search engine Google.

SearchKing's claim was that Google's tactics to prevent spamdexing constituted a tortious interference with contractual relations.

On May 27, 2003, the court granted Google's motion to dismiss the complaint because SearchKing "failed to state a claim upon which relief may be granted."[72][73] In March 2006, KinderStart filed a lawsuit against Google over search engine rankings.

KinderStart's website was removed from Google's index prior to the lawsuit, and the amount of traffic to the site dropped by 70%.

On March 16, 2007, the United States District Court for the Northern District of California (San Jose Division) dismissed KinderStart's complaint without leave to amend, and partially granted Google's motion for Rule 11 sanctions against KinderStart's attorney, requiring him to pay part of Google's legal expenses.[74][75]

Web content vendor

A Web content vendor can be a company or an individual that provides more than one web service.

Usually, a content vendor provides content writing, web design and development, and SEO services.

Web content development

Web content development is the process of researching, writing, gathering, organizing, and editing information for publication on websites.

Website content may consist of prose, graphics, pictures, recordings, movies, or other digital assets that could be distributed by a hypertext transfer protocol server, and viewed by a web browser.

When the World Wide Web began, web developers either developed online content themselves, or modified existing documents and coded them into hypertext markup language (HTML).

In time, the field of website development came to encompass many technologies, so it became difficult for website developers to maintain so many different skills.

Content developers are specialized website developers who have content generation skills such as graphic design, multimedia development, professional writing, and documentation.

They can integrate content into new or existing websites without using information technology skills such as script language programming and database programming.

Content developers or technical content developers can also be technical writers who produce technical documentation that helps people understand and use a product or service.

This documentation includes online help, manuals, white papers, design specifications, developer guides, deployment guides, release notes, etc.

Content developers may also be search engine optimization specialists, or internet marketing professionals.

High quality, unique content is what search engines are looking for.

Content development specialists, therefore, have a very important role to play in the search engine optimization process.

One issue currently plaguing the world of Web content development is keyword-stuffed content which are prepared solely for the purpose of manipulating search engine rankings.

The effect is that content is written to appeal to search engine (algorithms) rather than human readers.

Search engine optimization specialists commonly submit content to article directories to build their website's authority on any given topic.

Most article directories allow visitors to republish submitted content with the agreement that all links are maintained.

This has become a method of search engine optimization for many websites today.

If written according to SEO copywriting rules, the submitted content will bring benefits to the publisher (free SEO-friendly content for a webpage) as well as to the author (a hyperlink pointing to his/her website, placed on an SEO-friendly webpage).[1] Web content is no longer restricted to text.

Search engines now index audio/visual media, including video, images, PDFs, and other elements of a web page.

Website owners sometimes use content protection networks to scan for plagiarized content.

Article spinning

Article spinning is a writing technique used in search engine optimization (SEO), and other applications, which creates what appears to be new content from what already exists.

Content spinning works by replacing specific words, phrases, sentences, or even entire paragraphs with any number of alternate versions to provide a slightly different variation with each spin - also known as Rogeting.

This process can be completely automated or written manually as many times as needed.

Early content produced through automated methods often resulted in articles which were hard or even impossible to read.

However, as Article spinning techniques were refined they became more sophisticated, and can now result in perfectly readable articles which appear original.

Once considered spamdexing, a black hat SEO practice years ago, the practice is now admitted as a fair way to lower the similarity ratio, resulting large catalogs of more or less similar items.

Website authors use Article spinning to reduce the similarity ratio of rather redundant pages or pages with thin content, and to avoid penalties in the search engine results pages (SERPs) for using duplicate content.

It is also used in other types of applications, such as message personalization and chatbots.

Automatic rewriting can change the meaning of a sentence through the use of words with similar but subtly different meaning to the original.

For example, the word "picture" could be replaced by the word "image" or "photo".

Thousands of word-for-word combinations are stored in either a text file or database thesaurus to draw from.

This ensures that a large percentage of words are different from the original article.

The problem with simple automatic writing is that it cannot recognize context or grammar in the use of words and phrases.

Poorly-done Article spinning can result in unidiomatic phrasing that no human writer would choose.

Some may substitute a synonym with the wrong part of speech when encountering a word that can be used as either a noun or a verb, use an obscure word that is only used within very specific contexts, or improperly substitute proper nouns.

For example, "Great Britain" could be auto spun to "Good Britain".

While "good" could be considered a synonym for "great", "Good Britain" does not have the same meaning as "Great Britain".

Article spinning can use a variety of methods; a straightforward one is "spintax".

Spintax (or spin syntax) uses a marked-up version of text to indicate which parts of the text should be altered or rearranged.

The different variants of one paragraph, one or several sentences, or groups of words or words are marked.

This spintax can be extremely rich and complex, with lots of depth levels (nested spinning).

It acts as a tree with large branches, then lots of smaller branches up to the leaves.

To create readable articles out of spintax, a specific software application chooses any of the possible paths in the tree; this results in wide variations of the base article without significant alteration to its meaning.

As of 2017, there are a number of websites which will automatically spin content for an author.

Because of the problems with automated spinning, website owners may pay writers or specific companies to perform higher quality spinning manually.

Writers may also spin their own articles, allowing them to sell the same articles with slight variations to a number of clients or to use the article for multiple purposes, for example as content and also for article marketing.

Google representatives say that Google doesn't penalize websites that host duplicate content, but the advances in filtering techniques mean that duplicate content will rarely feature well in SERPs, which is a form of penalty.[1] In 2010 and 2011, changes to Google's search algorithm targeting content farms aim to penalize sites containing significant duplicate content.

In this context, Article spinning might help, as it's not detected as duplicate content.

Article spinning is a way to create what looks like new content from existing content.

As such, it can be seen as unethical, whether it is paraphrasing of copyrighted material (to try to evade copyright), deceiving readers into wasting their time for the benefit of the spinner (while not providing additional value to them), or both.[2] Other criticisms liken the results to "a haystack of low-quality blog networks and article repositories."[3]

Google Hummingbird

Hummingbird is the codename given to a significant algorithm change in Google Search in 2013.

Its name was derived from the speed and accuracy of the hummingbird.

The change was announced on September 26, 2013, having already been in use for a month.

"Hummingbird" places greater emphasis on natural language queries, considering context and meaning over individual keywords.

It also looks deeper at content on individual pages of a website, with improved ability to lead users directly to the most appropriate page rather than just a website's homepage.

The upgrade marked the most significant change to Google search in years, with more "human" search interactions and a much heavier focus on conversation and meaning.

Thus, web developers and writers were encouraged to optimize their sites with natural writing rather than forced keywords, and make effective use of technical web development for on-site navigation.

Google announced "Hummingbird", a new search algorithm, at a September 2013 press event,[1] having already used the algorithm for approximately one month prior to announcement.[2] The "Hummingbird" update was the first major update to Google's search algorithm since the 2010 "Caffeine" search architecture upgrade, but even that was limited primarily to improving the indexing of information rather than sorting through information.[2] Amit Singhal, then-search chief at Google, told Search Engine Land that "Hummingbird" was the most dramatic change of the algorithm since 2001, when he first joined Google.[2][3] Unlike previous search algorithms, which would focus on each individual word in the search query, "Hummingbird" considers the context of the different words together, with the goal that pages matching the meaning do better, rather than pages matching just a few words.[4] The name is derived from the speed and accuracy of the hummingbird animal.[4] "Hummingbird" is aimed at making interactions more human, in the sense that the search engine is capable of understanding the concepts and relationships between keywords.[5] It places greater emphasis on page content, making search results more relevant, and looks at the authority of a page, and in some cases the page author, to determine the importance of a website.

It uses this information to better lead users to a specific page on a website rather than the standard website homepage.[6] Search engine optimization changed with the addition of "Hummingbird", with web developers and writers encouraged to use natural language when writing on their websites rather than using forced keywords.

They were also advised to make effective use of technical website features, such as page linking, on-page elements including title tags, URL addresses and HTML tags, as well as writing high-quality, relevant content without duplication.[7] While keywords within the query still continue to be important, "Hummingbird" adds more strength to long-tailed keywords, effectively catering to the optimization of content rather than just keywords.[6] The use of synonyms have also been optimized; instead of listing results with exact phrases or keywords, Google shows more theme-related results.[8]

Content migration

Content migration is the process of moving information stored on a Web content management system (CMS), Digital asset management (DAM), Document management system (DMS), or flat HTML based system to a new system.

Flat HTML content can entail HTML files, Active Server Pages (ASP), JavaServer Pages (JSP), PHP, or content stored in some type of HTML/JavaScript based system and can be either static or dynamic content.

Content migrations can solve a number of issues ranging from: Content migrations entail risks.

Even though some of the reasons like cost might be obvious, there are some less obvious reasons to avoid a migration exercise.

These include corruption in transit and loss of context, particularly the unstructured content, which is typically one of the larger artefacts of business.

There is also the risk of external references not being considered (broken links to content).

The size of the data to be migrated makes the very resource intensive (Source- Destination- Temporary- storage, network bandwidth etc.), which means that auditing the migration process could also be complex and require consistency and traceability.

Another common issue in Content migration is the loss of SEO and page rank in search engines.

Migrating to another location and adopting a new software means that all website URLs are going to be changed as well,[1] hence, search engines would have to make some adjustments even if it is informed about the process.

In a white paper, Oracle also outlined several issues involving the so-called people perspective.

It cited the probability that people involved in the Content migration might not have a thorough grasp of the history, structure, and meaning of the source data as well as the new system, which could lead not only in the loss of information but also incur additional resources.[2] One of the methods that address the risks is the use of metadata.

It is employed to describe, access, and manage records, serving as the ultimate means by which the integrity, trustworthiness, and authenticity of a record can be proven.[3] The process, for instance, could adopt a two-track framework where one track deals with the overall content, structure, layout, and vision, while the other is focused on metadata.[4] There are many ways to access the content stored in a CMS.

Depending on the CMS vendor they offer either an Application programming interface (API), Web services, rebuilding a record by writing SQL queries, XML exports, or through the web interface.

Reply 1997

Reply 1997 (Korean: 응답하라 1997; RR: Eungdaphara 1997) is a 2012 South Korean television series that centers on the lives of six friends in Busan, as the timeline moves back and forth between their past as 18-year-old high schoolers in 1997 and their present as 33-year-olds at their high school reunion dinner in 2012, where one couple will announce that they're getting married.

As the first installment of the Reply series, it also portrays the extreme fan culture that emerged in the 1990s when first generation idol groups such as H.O.T.

and Sechs Kies took center stage and K-pop was just beginning to blossom.[2][3][4] The last episode recorded the highest ratings at the time for a Korean cable drama,[5] and the series has garnered praise from audiences and critics for being well-researched, refreshing, genuine, and full of humor and heart.[6] Set in the 1990s, "Reply 1997" follows female high-school student Sung Shi-won (Jung Eun-ji), who idolizes boyband H.O.T and her 5 high school friends.

As a teen, Shi-won was obsessed with a boy band.

Now 33 years old, Shi-won and her friends are reviving their memories as their school reunion nears.[7] The series originally aired live on cable channel tvN in 16 episodes (fourteen 30-minute episodes aired back-to-back over a period of 7 weeks, with the last 2 episodes aired separately and lasting 1 hour each due to the amount of material the staff didn't want to edit out).

However, due to its popularity, the 15th and 16th episodes were also aired simultaneously on Mnet, OCN, O'live, Ongamenet and OnStyle.

This drama served as the acting debut of Jung Eun-ji.

The '90s-set drama didn't have an original soundtrack of its own since a huge aspect of the show's mood is set with era-specific music, one of its defining characteristics.[33][34][35] Instead, lead actors Jung Eun-ji and Seo In-guk recorded a 2-part mini OST entitled Love Story to thank fans and viewers of the show.[36] Seo was the first season winner of the music audition program Superstar K, and Eun-ji is the main vocalist of K-pop girl group A Pink.

Their duet in Part 1 was a remake of 1990s idol group Cool's "All For You."[37][38] Their duet in Part 2 is a remake of "Just the Way We Love", from the soundtrack of 1999 film Love Wind Love Song.[39] The two singles topped the Gaon Single Chart and Billboard's K-Pop Hot 100, and "All For You" became one of the best-selling singles of that year with 2,499,273 downloads.[40][41][42][43][44][45] Jung and Seo also gave a live performance on Mnet's M! Countdown on 6 September 2012,[46] and on 19 September, the song "All For You" ranked first on another music program, Music Triangle.[47] Due to popular demand, CJ E&M eventually released a "Director's Edition" soundtrack that feature Jung and Seo's 2 covers, as well as '90s songs played throughout the series.

It also included a mini photobook and a behind-the-scenes DVD.[48] Before its official release, the album sold out its 12,500 units via pre-order, surpassing the average soundtrack sales figure of 5,000.[49][50] The TV serial mostly consisted of idol singers with scant acting experience, and apart from the meta casting of Sechs Kies member Eun Ji-won (who previously worked with director Shin Won-ho and the writing staff on the variety show 1 Night & 2 Days),[51][52] it premiered to little hype.[53][54][55] But with strong word of mouth, it soon gained recognition as a high-quality production with a distinct sense of identity, becoming a buzz-worthy "syndrome" show (the Korean slang term for a hit show with an ardent fanbase).[56][57][58][59][60] With Korean cable shows generally considered successful if they hit 1%, Reply 1997 took cable ratings by storm,[5][61][62] and received an immense amount of attention and critical praise.

The show has been credited for its laser-sharp attention to detail, re-creating the late '90s with an accuracy that has fans singing its praises.[63][64] Endless pop culture references are packed into every minute of the show, with little pop culture easter eggs hidden in scenes, callbacks to the trends of the day, and cameos that are in-jokes.[65] It was also a digital success, receiving more than a million hits after it was made available for downloading and streaming on internet and mobile site Tving.

This was attributed to the fact that Reply 1997 had aired on a cable network (pay television channel), such that several viewers were unable to watch it live.[66] With majority of Korean dramas shot in the capital Seoul, another of the show's charms is its Busan setting, which is treated in a matter-of-fact way as a locale.

The realism is aided by the fact that much of the principal cast is actually from the region, who speak with authentic Gyeongsang dialect.

The dialogue also uses time-specific, location-specific slang.[67] But '90s nostalgia and meticulous attention to detail is only part of the show's appeal.[68] Fans were also intrigued by the clues which the 2012 scenes dropped at regular intervals about who ends up together,[69][70] as well as the episodes' subtle twists.

And its smart, witty way of addressing the growing pains of its adolescent cast makes it just as relevant in the present as it was back in the late-'90s setting of its primary plot.

Audiences have lauded the show's intimacy and realism, with a sincerity that connects with people — even those outside that particular generation.

Seo In-guk, Eun Ji-won, Lee Si-eon and Shin So-yul hosted the 15 September 2012 episode of sketch comedy show Saturday Night Live Korea, which included skits that parody scenes in their series.[71] On 20 September 2012, a special was aired on tvN's enews featuring behind-the-scenes videos and a few bloopers from the set.[72] A novelization was published in January 2013.[73] Director Shin Won-ho re-edited all 16 episodes for a special director's cut DVD, released in February 2013.

It also included 358 minutes of exclusive behind-the-scenes footage, a blooper reel,[74] as well as commentary from the director and actors.[75] The show was said to have sparked the "retro" trend in South Korea and the media and cultural commentators have noted an increased interest in the pop culture of the 1990s after the show aired.[76][77][78] Notably, the show garnered more interest in "first generation" K-pop idol groups whose heyday took place during the 1990s prior to the Korean Wave, hence not being as well known to international audiences as their much younger counterparts.[79] Not long after the show concluded, Eun and H.O.T members Moon Hee-joon and Tony An joined two other members of fellow first-generation groups in filming their own variety show Handsome Boys of the 20th Century, which Moon called the "reality-variety show version of Reply 1997".[80] In 2014, the highly successful comebacks of Seo Taiji, g.o.d and Fly to the Sky further added to the retro wave.[81] The variety show Infinite Challenge began airing the "Saturday, Saturday is for Singers" (ToToGa) segment which specifically features artists and groups popular during the 1990s and has directly led to the reunions of first-generation groups Jinusean, S.E.S, Sechs Kies and H.O.T after over a decade of inactivity or disbandment.[77][82] In this table, the blue numbers represent the lowest ratings and the red numbers represent the highest ratings.

Another series from the same writer and director, Reply 1994 was produced in 2013.

Set in a college campus, it follows the pop culture events of that year, including the emergence of seminal K-pop group Seo Taiji and Boys and the basketball craze of the era.

It also starred Sung Dong-il and Lee Il-hwa, but as different characters.[101] Younger cast members Jung Eun-ji, Seo In-guk, Hoya, Lee Si-eon, Shin So-yul, Eun Ji-won, and Lee Jooyeon reprised their Reply 1997 roles in cameo appearances.[102][103] A second spin-off, Reply 1988, aired in 2015.

Sung Dong-il and Lee Il-hwa again joined the cast.[104][105] An American remake, Answer Me 1999 is in development at Fox, written by Amy Andelson and Emily Meyer (Step Up 3D), with the pilot episode directed by Jon M.

Chu.[106]

Meta element

Meta elements are tags used in HTML and XHTML documents to provide structured metadata about a Web page.

They are part of a web page's head section.

Multiple Meta elements with different attributes can be used on the same page.

Meta elements can be used to specify page description, keywords and any other metadata not provided through the other head elements and attributes.

The Meta element has two uses: either to emulate the use of an HTTP response header field, or to embed additional metadata within the HTML document.

With HTML up to and including HTML 4.01 and XHTML, there were four valid attributes: content, http-equiv, name and scheme.

Under HTML 5 there are now five valid attributes, charset having been added.

http-equiv is used to emulate an HTTP header, and name to embed metadata.

The value of the statement, in either case, is contained in the content attribute, which is the only required attribute unless charset is given.

charset is used to indicate the character set of the document, and is available in HTML5.

Such elements must be placed as tags in the head section of an HTML or XHTML document.

The two distinct parts of the elements are: Meta elements can specify HTTP headers which should be sent before the actual content when the HTML page is served from the web server to the client.

For example: as an alternative to the response header Content-Type: to indicate the media type and, more commonly needed, the UTF-8 character encoding.

Meta tags can be used to describe the contents of the page: In this example, the Meta element describes the contents of a web page.

Meta elements provide information about the web page, which can be used by search engines to help categorize the page correctly.

They have been the focus of a field of marketing research known as search engine optimization (SEO), where different methods are used to provide a user's website with a higher ranking on search engines.

Prior to the rise of content-analysis by search engines in the mid-1990s (most notably Google), search engines were reliant on metadata to correctly classify a Web page and webmasters quickly learned the commercial significance of having the right Meta element.

The search engine community is now divided as to the value of meta tags.

Some claim they have no value, others that they are central, while many simply conclude there is no clear answer but, since they do no harm, they use them just in case.

Google[1] states they do support the meta tags "content", "robots", "google", "google-site-verification", "content-type", "refresh" and "google-bot".

Major search engine robots look at many factors when determining how to rank a page of which meta tags will only form a portion.

Furthermore, most search engines change their ranking rules frequently.

Google have stated they update their ranking rules every 48 hours.

Under such circumstances, a definitive understanding of the role of meta tags in SEO is unlikely.

The keywords attribute was popularized by search engines such as Infoseek and AltaVista in 1995, and its popularity quickly grew until it became one of the most commonly used Meta elements.[2] No consensus exists whether or not the keywords attribute has any effect on ranking at any of the major search engines today.

It is speculated[by whom?] that it does if the keywords used in the meta can also be found in the page copy itself.[citation needed] With respect to Google, thirty-seven leaders in search engine optimization concluded in April 2007 that the relevance of having keywords in the meta-attribute keywords is little to none[3] and in September 2009 Matt Cutts of Google announced that they were no longer taking keywords into account whatsoever.[4] However, both these articles suggest that Yahoo! still makes use of the keywords meta tag in some of its rankings.

Yahoo! itself claims support for the keywords meta tag in conjunction with other factors for improving search rankings.[5] In October 2009 Search Engine Round Table announced that "Yahoo Drops The Meta Keywords Tag Also"[6] but later reported that the announcement made by Yahoo!'s Senior Director of Search was incorrect.[7] In the corrected statement Yahoo! Senior Director of Search states that "…What changed with Yahoo's ranking algorithms is that while we still index the meta keyword tag, the ranking importance given to meta keyword tags receives the lowest ranking signal in our system … it will actually have less effect than introducing those same words in the body of the document, or any other section."[7] In Sept 2012, Google[8] announced that they will consider Keyword Meta tag for news publishers.

Google said that this may help worthy content to get noticed.

The syntax of the news meta keyword has subtle difference from custom keyword meta tag; it is denoted by "news_keywords", while the custom keyword meta tag is denoted by "keywords".

Google News no longer takes into account keywords announced by news_keywords.[9] According to Moz, "Title tags are the second most important on-page factor for SEO, after content".[10] They convey to the search engines what a given page is all about.

It used to be standard SEO practice to include the primary and the secondary keywords in the title for better ranking.

Google has gone through various iterations of showing short or longer amounts of content from within the title tags.

Regardless, the title tags still hold importance in three different ways.

Unlike the keywords attribute, the description attribute is supported by most major search engines, like Yahoo! and Bing, while Google will fall back on this tag when information about the page itself is requested (e.g.

using the related: query).

The description attribute provides a concise explanation of a Web page's content.

This allows the Web page authors to give a more meaningful description for listings than might be displayed if the search engine was unable to automatically create its own description based on the page content.[11] The description is often, but not always, displayed on search engine results pages, so it can affect click-through rates.

While clicks for a result can be a positive sign of effective title and description writing, Google does not recognize this Meta element as a ranking factor, so using target keyword phrases in that element will not help a site rank better.

W3C doesn't specify the size of this description meta tag, but almost all search engines recommend it to be shorter than 160 characters of plain text.[12] The language attribute tells search engines what natural language the website is written in (e.g.

English, Spanish or French), as opposed to the coding language (e.g.

HTML).

It is normally an IETF language tag for the language name.

It is of most use when a website is written in multiple languages and can be included on each page to tell search engines in which language a particular page is written.[13].

User-agents can (and do) use language information to select language-appropriate fonts, which improves the overall user experience of the page.

[14] The robots attribute, supported by several major search engines,[15][failed verification] controls whether search engine spiders are allowed to index a page, or not, and whether they should follow links from a page, or not.

The attribute can contain one or more comma-separate values.

The noindex value prevents a page from being indexed, and nofollow prevents links from being crawled.

Other values recognized by one or more search engines can influence how the engine indexes pages, and how those pages appear on the search results.

These include noarchive, which instructs a search engine not to store an archived copy of the page, and nosnippet, which asks that the search engine not include a snippet from the page along with the page's listing in search results.[16] Meta tags are one of the best options for preventing search engines from indexing content of a website.[17] The search engines Google, Yahoo! and MSN use in some cases the title and abstract of the DMOZ (aka Open Directory Project) listing of a website for the title and/or description (also called snippet or abstract) in the search engine results pages (SERP).

To give webmasters the option to specify that the Open Directory Project content should not be used for listings of their website, Microsoft introduced in May 2006 the new "NOODP" value for the "robots" element of the meta tags.[18] Google followed in July 2006[19] and Yahoo! in October 2006.[20] The syntax is the same for all search engines who support the tag.

Webmasters can decide if they want to disallow the use of their ODP listing on a per search engine basis Google: Yahoo! MSN and Live Search (via bingbot, previously msnbot): Yahoo! puts content from their own Yahoo! directory next to the ODP listing.

In 2007 they introduced a meta tag that lets web designers opt-out of this.[21] Adding the NOYDIR tag to a page will prevent Yahoo! from displaying Yahoo! Directory titles and abstracts.

For dynamically created web pages, Google proposes the above meta tag which causes fragment URLs (ones that look like "https://web.archive.org/web/20060720204300/http://www.url.com/#xyz" ) to be rewritten and recrawled as "ugly URLs" (i.e.

ones looking like "http://www.url.com/?_escaped_fragment_=xyz" ).

See [22] for more details about the rewriting process.

This rewrite step is a signal to the web site to please provide a simple and full HTML web page that is the result of executing the AJAX or other scripting on the page.

This allows Google and other search engines to collect and index static web pages even when a web page is dynamically created and updated by the browser.

Yahoo! also introduced in May 2007 the attribute value: class="robots-nocontent".[23] This is not a meta tag, but an attribute and value, which can be used throughout Web page tags where needed.

Content of the page where this attribute is being used will be ignored by the Yahoo! crawler and not included in the search engine's index.

Examples for the use of the robots-nocontent tag: Google does not use HTML keyword or meta tag elements for indexing.

The Director of Research at Google, Monika Henzinger, was quoted (in 2002) as saying, "Currently we don't trust metadata because we are afraid of being manipulated." [24] Other search engines developed techniques to penalize Web sites considered to be "cheating the system".

For example, a Web site repeating the same meta keyword several times may have its ranking decreased by a search engine trying to eliminate this practice, though that is unlikely.

It is more likely that a search engine will ignore the meta keyword element completely, and most do regardless of how many words are used in the element.

Google does, however, use meta tag elements for displaying site links.

The title tags are used to create the link in search results: The meta description often appears in Google search results to describe the link: Additionally, enterprise search startup Swiftype considers meta tags as a mechanism for signaling relevancy for their web site search engines, even introducing their own extension called Meta Tags 2.[25] Meta refresh elements can be used to instruct a Web browser to automatically refresh a Web page after a given time interval.

It is also possible to specify an alternative URL and use this technique in order to redirect the user to a different location.

Auto refreshing via a Meta element has been deprecated for more than ten years,[26] and recognized as problematic before that.[26] The W3C suggests that user agents should allow users to disable it, otherwise META refresh should not be used by web pages.

For Internet Explorer's security settings, under the miscellaneous category, meta refresh can be turned off by the user, thereby disabling its redirect ability.

In Mozilla Firefox it can be disabled in the configuration file under the key name "accessibility.blockautorefresh".[27] Many web design tutorials also point out that client-side redirecting tends to interfere with the normal functioning of a Web browser's "back" button.

After being redirected, clicking the back button will cause the user to go back to the redirect page, which redirects them again.

Some modern browsers seem to overcome this problem however, including Safari, Mozilla Firefox and Opera.[citation needed] Auto-redirects via markup (versus server-side redirects) are not in compliance with the W3C's - Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 1.0 (guideline 7.5).[28] Meta elements of the form <meta http-equiv="foo" content="bar"> can be used as alternatives to HTTP headers.

For example, <meta http-equiv="expires" content="Wed, 21 June 2006 14:25:27 GMT"> would tell the browser that the page "expires" on June 21, 2006 at 14:25:27 GMT and that it may safely cache the page until then.

The HTML 4.01 specification optionally allows this tag to be parsed by HTTP servers and set as part of the HTTP response headers,[29] but no web servers currently implement this behavior.[30] Instead, the user agent emulates the behavior for some HTTP headers as if they had been sent in the response header itself.

Some HTML elements and attributes already handle certain pieces of meta data and may be used by authors instead of META to specify those pieces: the TITLE element, the ADDRESS element, the INS and DEL elements, the title attribute, and the cite attribute.[31] An alternative to Meta elements for enhanced subject access within a website is the use of a back-of-book-style index for the website.

See the American Society of Indexers website for an example.

In 1994, ALIWEB, also used an index file to provide the type of information commonly found in meta keywords attributes.

In cases where the content attribute's value is a URL, many authors decide to use a link element with a proper value for its rel attribute as well.[31] For a comparison on when it is best to use HTTP-headers, meta-elements, or attributes in the case of language specification: see here.

Progressive enhancement

Progressive enhancement is a strategy for web design that emphasizes core webpage content first.

This strategy then progressively adds more nuanced and technically rigorous layers of presentation and features on top of the content as the end-user's browser/internet connection allow.

The proposed benefits of this strategy are that it allows everyone to access the basic content and functionality of a web page, using any browser or Internet connection, while also providing an enhanced version of the page to those with more advanced browser software or greater bandwidth.

"Progressive enhancement" was coined by Steven Champeon & Nick Finck at the SXSW Interactive conference on March 11, 2003 in Austin,[1] and through a series of articles for Webmonkey which were published between March and June 2003.[2] Specific Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) techniques pertaining to flexibility of the page layout accommodating different screen resolutions is the concept associated with responsive web design approach.

.net Magazine chose Progressive enhancement as #1 on its list of Top Web Design Trends for 2012 (responsive design was #2).[3] Google has encouraged the adoption of Progressive enhancement to help "our systems (and a wider range of browsers) see usable content and basic functionality when certain web design features are not yet supported".[4] The strategy is an evolution of a previous web design strategy known as graceful degradation, wherein designers would create Web pages for the latest browsers that would also work well in older versions of browser software.

Graceful degradation was supposed to allow the page to "degrade", or remain presentable even if certain technologies assumed by the design were not present, without being jarring to the user of such older software.

In Progressive enhancement (PE) the strategy is deliberately reversed: a basic markup document is created, geared towards the lowest common denominator of browser software functionality, and then the designer adds in functionality or enhancements to the presentation and behavior of the page, using modern technologies such as Cascading Style Sheets, Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG), or JavaScript.

All such enhancements are externally linked, preventing data unusable by certain browsers from being unnecessarily downloaded.

The Progressive enhancement approach is derived from Champeon's early experience (c.

1993-4) with Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), before working with HTML or any Web presentation languages, as well as from later experiences working with CSS to work around browser bugs.

In those early SGML contexts, semantic markup was of key importance, whereas presentation was nearly always considered separately, rather than being embedded in the markup itself.

This concept is variously referred to in markup circles as the rule of separation of presentation and content, separation of content and style, or of separation of semantics and presentation.

As the Web evolved in the mid-nineties, but before CSS was introduced and widely supported, this cardinal rule of SGML was repeatedly violated by HTML's extenders.

As a result, web designers were forced to adopt new, disruptive technologies and tags in order to remain relevant.

With a nod to graceful degradation, in recognition that not everyone had the latest browser, many began to simply adopt design practices and technologies only supported in the most recent and perhaps the single previous major browser releases.

For several years, much of the Web simply did not work in anything but the most recent, most popular browsers.

This remained true until the rise and widespread adoption of and support for CSS, as well as many populist, grassroots educational efforts (from Eric Costello, Owen Briggs, Dave Shea, and others) showing Web designers how to use CSS for layout purposes.

Progressive enhancement is based on a recognition that the core assumption behind "graceful degradation" — that browsers always got faster and more powerful — was proving itself false with the rise of handheld and PDA devices with low-functionality browsers and serious bandwidth constraints.

In addition, the rapid evolution of HTML and related technologies in the early days of the Web has slowed, and very old browsers have become obsolete, freeing designers to use powerful technologies such as CSS to manage all presentation tasks and JavaScript to enhance complex client-side behavior.

First proposed as a somewhat less unwieldy catchall phrase to describe the delicate art of "separating document structure and contents from semantics, presentation, and behavior", and based on the then-common use of CSS hacks to work around rendering bugs in specific browsers, the Progressive enhancement strategy has taken on a life of its own as new designers have embraced the idea and extended and revised the approach.

The Progressive enhancement strategy consists of the following core principles: Web pages created according to the principles of Progressive enhancement are by their nature more accessible, because the strategy demands that basic content always be available, not obstructed by commonly unsupported or easily disabled scripting.

Additionally, the sparse markup principle makes it easier for tools that read content aloud to find that content.

It is unclear as to how well Progressive enhancement sites work with older tools designed to deal with table layouts, "tag soup", and the like.[citation needed] Improved results with respect to search engine optimization (SEO) is another side effect of a Progressive enhancement-based Web design strategy.

Because the basic content is always accessible to search engine spiders, pages built with Progressive enhancement methods avoid problems that may hinder search engine indexing.[14] Some skeptics, such as Garret Dimon, have expressed their concern that Progressive enhancement is not workable in situations that rely heavily on JavaScript to achieve certain user interface presentations or behaviors,[15] to which unobtrusive JavaScript is one response.

Others have countered with the point that informational pages should be coded using Progressive enhancement in order to be indexed by spiders,[16] and that even Flash-heavy pages should be coded using Progressive enhancement.[17] In a related area, many have expressed their doubts concerning the principle of the separation of content and presentation in absolute terms, pushing instead for a realistic recognition that the two are inextricably linked.[18][19]

WordLift

WordLift is a start-up[1] founded in 2017 and based in Rome, Italy.

The company has developed the homonymous WordPress plugin which, through the use of semantic technologies and artificial intelligence, optimises the writing and organisation of content and the findability of websites.[2][3] WordLift supports 32 different languages and in 2017 has had over 200 clients, amongst which are SalzburgerLand Tourismus GmbH, Greenpeace, Legambiente and The American University in Cairo.[4][5][6][7] WordLift was founded in Rome in 2017 by Andrea Volpini, David Riccitelli, and other partners, and its plugin was developed using the results of European Union's research and development projects Interactive Knowledge Stack (IKS) and Media in Context (MICO).

Both projects were co-funded by the European Union and aimed at developing open source semantic technologies.[8] WordLift aids content writing on the web by enriching it with structured metadata that increases the PageRank of website pages.[9] In March 2017 WordLift has created a partnership with WooRank, a Belgian a company specialising in digital marketing, thus obtaining a 200.000 euro grant.[4][10][5] In 2011 WordLift took part and the IKS Semantics UX Contest winning 40.000 euros.[11][12]In 2020 WordLift, together with its partners Redlink GmbH, SalzburgerLand Tourismus GmbH and the Semantic Technology Institute at the University of Innsbruck, Austria, has received funding support from European Union to develop a new project that will make available the tool's Agentive SEO technology for any Content Management System.

The project, called WordLift Next Generation, received the financial support of Eurostars Horizon 2020, a program promoted by the European Union that supports research activities and innovative small and medium-sized enterprises.[13][14]

Romance Is a Bonus Book

Romance Is a Bonus Book[1] (Korean: 로맨스는 별책부록; RR: Romaenseuneun Byeolchaekburok) is a 2019 South Korean television series starring Lee Na-young and Lee Jong-suk.[2][3] It aired from January 26 to March 17, 2019 on tvN.[4][5][6] It is one of the highest rated Korean dramas in cable television history.

Cha Eun-ho is a successful author and a senior editor at a book publishing company.

Kang Dan-i is a mother and former successful advertising copywriter.

When Cha Eun-ho was a child, Kang Dan-i saved him from an accident and was injured.

Kang Dan-i had Cha Eun-ho help her while she was recuperating in hospital and later on bedrest for one year.

By helping her acquire books to read from the library, Cha Eun-ho himself became interested in writing.

The two youngsters stayed close friends well into adulthood.

However, their friendship was strained after Kang Dan-i started dating a selfish, inconsiderate man.

Although he disapproved of her choice in a partner, and she too expressed doubt at times, Cha Eun-ho stands by her decision to marry this man.

Now in the present, Cha Eun-ho enlists Kang Dan-i to help him find a housekeeper - but he has no idea Kang Dan-i is the one doing the work and taking payment.

He is also unaware of her living situation, and the true extent of the hardships she is facing as a divorced single mother with a large gap in work experience trying to re-enter the professional world.

Eventually Kang Dan-i is no longer able to keep her secrets from him, and Cha Eun-ho lends her a helping hand.

Their lives become even more intertwined when Kang Dan-i applies to be a temporary task support worker at his publishing company.

Although Cha Eun-ho is initially worried about how she will perform, Kang Dan-i surprises him and other senior executives with her creativity and hard work.

The rest of the series is about the personal and professional challenges they face as they slowly start to realize their true feelings for each other and navigate this next stage of their lives.

The first script reading was held on October 26, 2018 with the attendance of the cast and crew.[17][18] This series marks Lee Na-young's return to small screen after nine years and Lee Jong-suk's first romantic comedy.[19] On January 21, 2019, a press conference was held to promote the series with the attendance of lead cast.[20][21] Lee Jong-suk finished filming his scenes for the series on February 27, 2019 due to his military service enlistment on March 8.[22]

Crash Landing on You

Crash Landing on You[3] (Korean: 사랑의 불시착; RR: Sarangui Bulsichak; MR: Sarangŭi pulshich'ak; lit.

Love's Emergency Landing) is a South Korean drama directed by Lee Jeong-hyo and featuring Hyun Bin, Son Ye-jin, Kim Jung-hyun, and Seo Ji-hye.

It is about a South Korean woman who accidentally crash-lands in North Korea.

It aired on tvN in South Korea and on Netflix worldwide from December 14, 2019, to February 16, 2020.

It is the highest rated tvN drama and the third-highest-rated Korean drama in cable television history.

Crash Landing on You tells the story of two star crossed lovers, Yoon Se-ri (Son Ye-jin), a South Korean Chaebol heiress, and Ri Jeong-hyeok (Hyun Bin), a member of the North Korean elite and a Captain in the North Korean Special Police Force.

One day while Yoon Se-ri goes for a short paragliding ride in Seoul, South Korea, a sudden tornado knocks her out and blows her off course.

She awakens to find her paraglider had crashed into a tree in a forest in the DMZ in North Korea (an area forbidden for South Koreans).

She then meets Ri Jeong-hyeok and falls into his arms when descending from the tree.

Ri Jeong-hyeok eventually gives Yoon Se-ri shelter, and develops plans to secretly help her return to South Korea.

Over time, they fall in love, despite the divide and dispute between their respective countries.

Her family suppresses the news of her disappearance out of fear that it will depress the stock price of the family-controlled chaebol.

In particular, Se-ri's two brothers, Se-jung and Se-hyung who are rivals, both claiming to be the rightful heir to their father's company.

Just before Se-ri's disappearance, their father had announced that he planned to anoint her as heir because his sons are incompetent.

Her brothers are supported by their equally ambitious wives, Do Hye-Ji (Hwang Woo-seul-hye) and Ko Sang-a (Yoon Ji-min).

Se-ri's and Jeong-hyeok's story is intertwined with that of Seo Dan (Seo Ji-hye) and Gu Seung-jun (Kim Jung-hyun).

Dan is the beautiful daughter of a wealthy North Korean department store owner.

She has been studying cello in Russia for several years but returns so that she can marry Jeong-hyeok, to whom she is engaged through an arranged marriage (and whom she has only met a few times).

As she returns to Pyongyang, she crosses paths, not for the first time, with Gu Seung-jun.

Gu Seung-jun, who had previously been engaged to Se-ri, fled to North Korea (under the protection of corrupt North Korean officers) in order to escape from the pursuit of Se-ri’s brother Se-hyung, under whose incompetent watch he had embezzled large amounts of money.

Although their initial encounters are unpleasant, they eventually fall in love.

The story follows Jeong-hyeok and Se-ri as they try to get her home.

They are impeded by Cho Cheol-gang (Oh Man-seok), an evil State Security officer, who a number of years ago had arranged for the murder of Jeong-hyeok's older brother, an officer who tried to expose him.

The story eventually shifts to Seoul where both comedy and drama ensue for all four main characters, Se-ri’s family, and the arch-villain Cho Cheol-gang.

The premise of Crash Landing on You was inspired by a real event involving South Korean actress, Jung Yang.[2][10] In September 2008, Yang and three others had to be rescued after bad fog had caused their leisure boat to drift "into the maritime boundary between North and South Korea."[11] Park Ji-eun, the drama's screenwriter, was introduced to North Korean defector turned film adviser and writer Kwak Moon-wan, who became part of the drama's writing team.[12][13] Kwak, who studied film directing in Pyongyang and had also been a member of an elite security force protecting the Kims, helped in crafting the drama's plot and in conceptualizing the setting and scenes in the drama portraying North Korean life.[12][13] The production process proved to be "painstakingly meticulous", owing to South Korea's relationship with North Korea where most of the story's plot ensues.[14] The use of the honorific Chairman to refer to North Korea's leaders was avoided, and the North Korean lapel pins used by the cast members taking North Korean roles were one third smaller than their actual size.[15] Props manager Joo Dong-man said the crew did not have a "guidebook on multiple hurdles he had to hop over — skillfully and delicately – to accurately depict the country while dodging criticism" and, thus, had to be careful "not to misrepresent the state".

They worked with guidance from North Koreans living in South Korea and research.[14][2] The first script reading took place on July 31, 2019 in Sangam-dong, Seoul, and filming overseas started at the end of August 2019.[16] North Korean scenes were shot in South Korea and Mongolia.[2] Scenes that took place in Switzerland were shot on location.[2] On Rotten Tomatoes, Crash Landing on You has two (out of two) positive reviews.[17] Variety Magazine named it one of "The Best International Shows on Netflix."[18] Jo Walker of The Guardian's "Stream Team" called it "addictively off-the-wall, heartbreaking and hilarious."[19] Time ranks Crash Landing on You as one of the best Korean dramas to watch on Netflix.[20] Aljazeera has also cited the drama as one of the most recent hallyu’s success.[21] Early in its run, Crash Landing on You was the fourth highest rated Korean cable drama.[22] The final episode's ratings made it the third highest rated Korean drama in cable television history, surpassing fellow tvN dramas Reply 1988 and Guardian: The Lonely and Great God.[23] Crash Landing on You emerged as one of the top shows on Netflix (who owns the distribution rights outside South Korea) and continued to enjoy widespread popularity even after the show has ended.[24] It became a hit in South Korea.

With 1.75 billion online views, Crash Landing on You outperformed the prior leader, Mr.

Sunshine, for most viewed drama clips by 200 million views as of February 17th, 2020.

[25] It was also a hit in Singapore,Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand.

A-list celebrities from these countries posted pictures on their social media platforms stating that they are currently binge-watching the drama.

Some even photoshopped themselves on photos with lead stars Hyun Bin and Son Ye-jin.

[26] The drama was also an immense success in China.

The hashtag for the drama’s final episode has received over 460 million views on China’s Twitter-like—Weibo.

The streaming website for the South Korean drama, which holds the copyright in China with Chinese subtitles, crashed on the night it aired the final episode due to the enormous number of users.[27] The drama also became a big hit in Japan reaching number 1 on Netflix.It became viral on the internet with many Japanese celebrities stated that they binge watched the show.

[28] According to Yahoo Japan,the drama attracts a wide range of people.

One of The North Korean scenes where there was a blackout also gives a nostalgic feeling to Japanese people in their 50’s because they were familiar with the power shortage when they were young.

Also, the success of the drama helps revive the hallyu wave in Japan that has been declining for years.

[29] Although the series' depiction of North Korea is fictional, it has received praise "for its portrayal of everyday life in the North, even down to accents and words."[30][31] It also received positive reviews from North Korean defectors.[15][12] A North Korean defector, who had served with the Supreme Guard Command (which protects the ruling Kim family) worked as an adviser for the series, providing the writers with details about life in North Korea as well as North Korean governmental agencies that added credibility to the show.[32] One of the extras (who portrayed a North Korean villager) is a writer and actress from North Korea who states that she felt "like [she] was actually back in a North Korean village."[30] Yun Suk-jin, a professor at Chungnam National University, also notes that the series "changed the stereotypes on North Korea and candidly showed that it too is a place where people live."[30] Sarah A.

Son, Lecturer in Korean Studies at the University of Sheffield also agrees, noting that Crash Landing on You responds to the "socio-cultural divide" between the North and the South, which academic scholarship cites as one of the biggest obstacles to future unification.

Son argues that "through the re-framing of stereotypes, albeit with some creative licence, Crash Landing on You arguably humanises the North for its audience in ways that inter-Korean dialogue has not in recent years.

Despite its soft-focus romanticisation of the political situation, Crash Landing on You brings the pain of the division to a personal level for a generation of Koreans who, unlike their grandparents, have no memory of what it was like to be a single nation."[13] Joanna Elfving-Hwang, associate professor of Korean studies at the University of Western Australia concurs, stating that “North Korea tends to appear in our imagination as the ‘axis of evil’, we think of [negative things like] nuclear weapons and human rights abuses…this drama has dared to think about North Korean people differently and represented them as quite human and quite Korean.”[33] Steve Hung Lok-wai, a Korean affairs expert from Chinese University of Hong Kong states that the drama sidestepped larger political issues through a narrative that did not end with the defection of either character.

Thus, he argues, it's "quite smart because they avoided all the real taboos but made it believable enough where it would make people think about these political problems."[33] John Delury, a professor at Yonsei University, praised the series for its decision to draw parallels between powerful families in both the South and the North, and to humanize North Koreans beyond generic stereotypes.[34] There were also critical responses to the themes of the drama in both regions.

In January 2020, The Christian Liberal Party (CLP) filed a complaint in South Korea against tvN at the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency, accusing the network of glamorizing North Korea through this series, in violation of the National Security Law.[35][36][37] Then, in March 2020, a few North Korean media outlets criticized unnamed South Korean programs and films that explored relations between North and South Korea.

While Crash Landing on You was not directly mentioned by the media outlets, it was perceived to be among the referenced works.

Another is the 2019 film, Ashfall, although that film was also not directly cited in the articles.[38][39] The success of the drama helped to boost brand items due to product placement.

The lead characters portrayed by Hyun Bin and Son Ye-jin ate Gold Olive Chicken, a product which had a 100% sales improvement due to the show.[2][40] There was also an increase in sales of the Swarovski earrings worn by Son Ye-jin.[41] The following is the official track list of Crash Landing on You: Original Soundtrack.[42][43][44] The tracks with no indicated lyricists and composers are the drama's musical score; the artists indicated for these tracks are the tracks' composers themselves.

In this table, the blue numbers represent the lowest ratings and the red numbers represent the highest ratings.

Rookie Historian Goo Hae-ryung

Rookie Historian Goo Hae-ryung (Korean: 신입사관 구해령; RR: Sinipsagwan guhaeryeong) is a 2019 South Korean television series starring Shin Se-kyung, in her title role as a free-spirited female historian, and Cha Eun-woo, as a prince working underground as a romance novelist.

The series aired on MBC's Wednesdays and Thursdays at 21:00 KST time slot from July 17 to September 26, 2019, with Netflix carrying the series internationally.[2] In the Joseon Dynasty, where women are objectified and underestimated, free-spirited noble lady Goo Hae-ryung is brave enough to break the status quo.

Still single at 26 years old, she focuses on studying and gaining knowledge, something only men should be doing, and in defending those who are wronged and abused.

Meanwhile, the young and handsome 20-year-old Prince Yi Rim has been living his life alone in his chamber, the Nokseodang, away from the politics of the royal court.

Despite this, he has found comfort and happiness through writing.

Hiding his identity under his pen name "Maehwa", he had been writing romance novels that became famous all over Hanyang, especially to women readers.

There is only one person in the capital, though, who finds his works distasteful: Hae-ryung, who is not fond of the romance genre.

Their first meeting sparks a war of preferences between the two.

As Yi Rim criticizes Hae-ryung for her lack of taste in literature, Hae-ryung chides the prince-in-disguise for his informal speech.

One day, for the first time in the history of Joseon, the royal court demands that women be included among the court historians who compile the Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty.

Hae-ryung passes the search for historian apprentices and, along with her three fellow rookies, fight gender stereotypes as their work and position is often looked down on by their male counterparts and by most of the officers in the royal court.

Gradually, Prince Yi Rim's annoyance turns into love for Hae-ryung who became the historian-in-charge for Nokseodang.

Hae-ryung seems to find herself reciprocating the prince's advances.

What lies ahead of Hae-ryung and Yi Rim is a risky adventure of finding true love and of fighting for what is right.

Together, and with the help of Hae-ryung's fellow historians and the revolutionaries lurking in and outside of the palace, Hae-ryung and Yi Rim must struggle in a society steeped in censorship of the arts, of knowledge and creed, and must solve the mystery behind such oppression, the answer of which could be linked to their own pasts.

Kim Eun-sook

Kim Eun-sook (Korean: 김은숙, born 1973) is a South Korean screenwriter.

She wrote the popular television dramas Lovers in Paris (2004), On Air (2008), Secret Garden (2010), A Gentleman's Dignity (2012), The Heirs (2013), Descendants of the Sun (2016), Guardian: The Lonely and Great God (2016–2017), Mr.

Sunshine (2018) and The King: Eternal Monarch (2020).

Kim first gained attention when her television drama Lovers in Paris became a major hit in the summer of 2004, with viewership ratings averaging 41.3% and a peak of 57.6% (#11 highest rated of all time).

The cast and crew flew to France to film several scenes in Paris and Nice, igniting a trend among Korean dramas for overseas location shoots.

A Cinderella-like story of a cheerful, ordinary girl who becomes the housekeeper of a cold and suave businessman, lead actors Park Shin-yang and Kim Jung-eun shared the Grand Prize ("Daesang") at the 2004 SBS Drama Awards.

Then at the 2005 Baeksang Arts Awards, Lovers in Paris won the following awards: the Daesang, Best TV Actress for Kim Jung-eun, and Best TV Screenplay for Kim Eun-sook and Kang Eun-jung.

It also became popular internationally, and Kim Jung-eun was named Best Actress at the 2005 Asian Television Awards.

Kim chose another European setting for her next drama, Lovers in Prague (2005).

In a gender reversal, Jeon Do-yeon played a diplomat in Prague, Czech Republic, who falls in love with a police detective, played by Kim Joo-hyuk.

Kim Eun-sook said she wanted to feature a romance in which the woman's social status is higher than her partner, and wanted to make the social difference between the two main characters as extreme as possible by also making the heroine the daughter of the president of South Korea.

Kim added, "Although some might say it is another unrealistic story, a drama is a drama.

I just want to make people enjoy the fantasy."[1] Jeon won the Daesang at the 2005 SBS Drama Awards, and Kim Joo-hyuk won Best TV Actor at the 2006 Baeksang Arts Awards.

Kim tried her hand at writing for the big screen in the 2006 melodrama Fly High (also known as Loving is Okay).

Directed by Kwak Ji-kyoon, it starred Ji Hyun-woo as a high school student who falls for a girl with a terminal illness (Im Jung-eun).

The film was a critical and box office disappointment,[2] and Kim soon returned to her milieu, television.

Despite overseas shoots in Hainan, China, the conclusion to Kim's loosely named "Lovers trilogy" was simply titled Lovers (2006-2007).

Based on the Lee Man-hee stage play Turn Around and Leave (that also inspired the 1998 film A Promise), Kim again cast Kim Jung-eun, this time opposite Lee Seo-jin, as they played a plastic surgeon and a gangster entering into an unlikely romance.[3][4] Though not as successful as its predecessors, Lovers recorded solid ratings in the high teens to low-20s.

Kim's next drama, On Air (2008), revolved around four entertainment industry figures - a newbie TV director (Park Yong-ha), an established screenwriter (Song Yun-ah, as Kim's alter-ego), a diva actress (Kim Ha-neul), and her struggling manager (Lee Beom-soo), whose personal and professional lives intertwine during the shooting of a fictional TV drama.[5] Filled with cameos and a gossipy, insider look at stars behind the scenes, On Air was a hit, and director Shin Woo-chul (in his fourth collaboration with Kim) won Best TV Director at the 2009 Baeksang Arts Awards.

In City Hall (2009), Cha Seung-won played an elite deputy mayor with presidential aspirations who unexpectedly falls for an unwitting female government employee-turned-town mayor (Kim Sun-a).[6] Though she left space in the script for Cha and Kim to ad-lib, Kim Eun-sook called it her funniest work.

She said she used politics as a backdrop for the romance to show her idealism regarding public officials.[7] A love story between the rich, arrogant and eccentric president of a department store (Hyun Bin) and a brave but sweet stunt woman (Ha Ji-won) whose bodies switch souls whenever it rains, Secret Garden (2010-2011) became one of the biggest hits of Kim's career.[8] After writing six dramas, Kim said she "contemplated on whether to write a drama that benefits the world or one that will garner good ratings" and decided to "abandon the depth I showed in City Hall" (which recorded solid, if unimpressive, ratings in the high teens).

Instead, she "made an easy, light drama for the whole family to enjoy on weekends," and intentionally wrote it "to be fun."[9][10][11] Secret Garden won Best TV Drama at the 2011 Baeksang Arts Awards, as well as Best TV Screenplay for Kim, Best New TV Actress for Yoo In-na, and the Daesang for Hyun.[12] Kim also won Best Writer at the Seoul International Drama Awards, the Korea Drama Awards, and the Korea Content Awards.

By this time, the writer-director duo of Kim and Shin had gained a reputation for making hits, and their projects attracted high-profile actors.

In 2012, after 12 years of acting in films, superstar Jang Dong-gun made his television comeback in A Gentleman's Dignity.

Jang said that Kim and Shin's involvement in the project influenced his decision.

After repeatedly alluding to him in On Air, Kim confessed her "ulterior motives" that she had really wanted to work on a drama with Jang.

She and the crew were so determined to cast him in the lead that not only was the airdate moved back from March to late May to accommodate his schedule, but Kim, in the hopes of getting him to take the role, lied to Jang's wife, actress Ko So-young that there would be no kissing scenes.[13] Instead, Kim wrote racy and sexy scenes, as befitting what has been called a "40-year-old, male version of Sex and the City."[14] The drama portrayed the humorous love lives of a group of close-knit male friends played by Jang, Kim Min-jong, Kim Su-ro, and Lee Jong-hyuk, and previous On Air star Kim Ha-neul played Jang's love interest.

Kim said she wrote the hero of 2013 drama He Who Wishes To Wear the Crown Endures Its Weight: Heirs (also known as The Heirs or The Inheritors, 2013) specifically for actor Lee Min-ho.[15] He starred opposite Park Shin-hye in a Gossip Girl-esque trendy drama set in a high school populated by the uber-rich.[16][17] Kim said the biggest difference was writing about 18-year-olds when her previous characters had been in their thirties and forties, calling The Heirs "a teen romance for grown-ups".

She admitted that she utilizes clichés, "but all my previous works used plenty of cliches and were embraced by audiences.

The key is making characters that are different, so the audience forgets the cliched setting.

That's what I'm good at, and that is what I find fun.

I want people to think, 'I've seen something like this before, but still this is strangely fun.'"[18] Three years since The Heirs, Kim Eun-sook announced that she would be coming back with a human melodrama about a man and a woman who bond gradually as they save lives in disaster zones and end up falling in love.

Titled Descendants of the Sun, the drama starred Song Joong-ki in his first television drama after military discharge along with Song Hye-kyo.

Set in the fictional world of Uruk, Song Joong-ki plays a special forces captain who juggles peacekeeping duties with wooing a surgeon played by Song Hye-kyo.

The military drama gained huge success and received immense popularity across Asia.[19][20] It has given rise to the popularity of Korean soldier talk.[21] The show also contributed to the rise of tourism in Greece, where scenes of the drama were shot.[22] The success of Descendants saw a change in tide toward pre-produced Korean dramas.

However, in an interview, Kim Won-seok (co-writer of Descendants) stated that said there were some parts that could have been improved on if the show had been shot as it was being aired, per local industry norm.[23] Following the success of Descendants of the Sun, Kim Eun-sook wrote her next two dramas, Guardian: The Lonely and Great God and Mr.

Sunshine for cable network TVN in 2016 and 2018.

Both dramas now hold the highest average nationwide ratings recorded for cable dramas: 12.955% for Mr.

Sunshine, and 12.428% for Guardian: The Lonely and Great God.

Her last work was Mr.

Sunshine is about a Korean American returning to his home country as a soldier.

[24][25] Kim's trademark is slick and glossy romantic comedies with fast-flying banter.

Some critics have opined that Kim writes shallow characters, and she is as polarizing as she is successful.

But not only do most of her dramas appeal to a wide age range of viewers and receive high ratings, but they often have that extra element that make them pop-culture buzz projects, whether it's due to a particularly catchy line of dialogue or a recurring joke.

In 2012, she received a Lifetime Achievement Award at the SBS Drama Awards.

Article directory

An Article directory is a website with collections of articles written about different subjects.

Sometimes article directories are referred to as content farms, which are websites created to produce mass content, where some are based on churnalism.

An Article directory may accept new articles from any contributor, but may require that a new article is unique (not published elsewhere) and not spun (see article spinning).

A typical article is around 400-500 words, and tools such as a WYSIWYG editor for writing and submitting an article may be provided.

An author box may be provided for personal information about an author, including a link to the author's website.

Tags or categories may be used to organize articles and to help with search engines since tags or categories act as keywords that identify the topics covered in the article.

Many directories pay the author for his/her participation.

Some directories review articles before they are published and there may be a waiting period of several days before a new article appears.

This helps to eliminate low quality submissions, including duplicate articles, spam and spun articles.

Article directories allow users to submit unique articles to the directory for content syndication.

These directories allow articles to embed links to other websites with relevant anchor text.

Popular article directories are considered authority sites and are constantly crawled by search engine bots.

Webmasters submit articles with relevant anchor text linking back to their site to obtain backlinks.

Beginning with the Google Penguin release on April 24, 2012, Google began to punish sites that obtained links from article directories.

On January 29, 2014, Matt Cutts, head of Google's webspam team, posted a video specifically warning against the use of article directories for SEO linkbuilding.[1] The big issue with submitting to article directories, has to do with lack of editorial oversight.

This means that pretty much any article can be added to the directory, no matter the quality or relevance to that website.

Inbound marketing

Inbound marketing is a technique for drawing customers to products and services via content marketing, social media marketing, search engine optimization and branding.[1] Inbound marketing improves customer experience and builds trust by offering potential customers information they value via company sponsored newsletters, blogs and entries on social media platforms.[citation needed] Compared with outbound marketing, inbound reverses the relationship between company and customer.

In fact, while outbound marketing pushes the product through various channels, Inbound marketing creates awareness, attracts new customers with channels like blogs, social media, etc.

Main charecteristics of Inbound marketing: Search engine optimization (SEO) is the practice of utilizing search engine best practices to improve the visibility of a website or a webpage by ranking higher in the search engine results ("SERPS") for keywords relevant to that particular website or webpage.

There are several ways to improve a website or webpage's visibility: Leading search engines use crawlers to find pages for their algorithmic search results.

It is important to ensure that these search engine crawlers (AKA spiders) can successfully crawl a website or webpage in its entirety to fully determine the relevance of that website or webpage for its targeted keywords.

Since some websites have millions of pages associated to them and that need to be indexed, the practice of Technical SEO will help improve a website's ability to get all of those pages indexed by a search engine and thereby improving their prospects of ranking within the search engine results pages.

Search engines utilize contextual relevance or semantic search to determine the relevancy of a website or webpage for a particular set of keywords.

Improving content quality from a readability and relevancy perspective will help sites increase their relevance for a set of keywords and therefore should increase their keyword rankings and visibility within the search engine results page.

Improving Credibility Search engines also determine relevancy based on internal and external links that are found across the internet.

These backlinks will help associate a website or webpage with a particular set of keywords and can help improve the relevancy of this website or webpage for a particular set of keywords.

Search engine marketing (SEM) is a form of web marketing which involves the promotion of websites by increasing their visibility in search engine results pages, principally through paid advertising.

SEM is strictly connected to SEO in regards to pay promotion and get found out in the first search page.[citation needed] There are some methods and metrics to optimize websites: Keyword research and analysis which ensure the site can be indexed in the search engine, finding the more frequently typed words; Presence which means how many times a web page is indexed by search engines and how many backlinks does it get; Back end tools such as Web analytic tools and HTML validators; Whois tools that reveal the owners of various websites and can provide information related to copyright and trademark.

SEM objective is to boost the visibility of a page, it can be done using the so-called "sponsorization".

With the term, "sponsorization" is intended a search engine company charging fees for the inclusion of a website in their results pages.

To work well, Inbound marketing needs a precise process that, if respected, provides a competitive advantage compared with outbound marketing.

The process is composed of four sequential steps: attract, convert, close, and "delight" in order to obtain more visitors on sites, to speed up conversions and finally increase the number of leads and prospects.

One of the most important differences between outbound and Inbound marketing is the fact that "if classical marketing is betting on those people, inbound is betting on that person".

it means that companies using Inbound marketing know better which are the people they are talking with.

They can do it through buyer personas.

The buyer personas are the identikit of our ideal customers.

Only through them can a company know which is their ideal target and which channels they have to use to reach it.[citation needed] "Attract" does not mean attracting random people; companies want to attract the right people at the right time with the right content.

Building a company on the buyer personas, one can define which are the beliefs, pains, hobbies, goals, etc.

of our customer and on their basis, one can create the right contents to attract visitors on one's blog, social, YouTube channel, etc.[citation needed] Evergreen content plays a crucial role in building organic traffic to websites or blogs.[citation needed] After attracting the visitor on their website, for example, a company will be ready to convert him/her into prospect gathering his/her contact information.

Emails are the most valuable information for an inbound marketer.

The inbound marketer wants to attract the right visitor, so they will exchange a tutorial video, an ebook or something valuable for the customer so he/she will be glad to give his/her e-mail in return.

Once the needed information is gathered, it is important to stay in contact with the prospects.

How are prospects transformed into customers? Some helpful tools are: Call-to-actions are very useful to let customer complete an action that we like.

With this powerful tool we can generate a positive cycle that generates value both for our customer and for us.

Generating useful contents and sending it periodically to our prospect we can create awareness but also build trust and make our close-customer be ready to buy something.

Customer-relationship management (CRM) systems track the various steps of customer acquisition.

Taking track of information regarding the customer, partner companies etc.

it is possible to deliver the right message at the right time to the right person.[citation needed] Smarketing is the mix of sales and marketing.

Generally in big companies, they are two separated units but in Inbound marketing, they are usually mixed to have complete and fully understandable information between the two areas.

With closed-loop reports also sales and marketing departments know which is the right time to close a deal with the customer and above all know if the customer is ready to be acquired.

Through the process of nurturing, companies make the customer ready to be acquired.

For example, if the visitor fills a form to download an ebook on a certain site, the company knows that their prospect is interested in the subject treated in the ebook.

After collecting this information, they are ready to "nurture" their future probable customer with a series of emails, videos etc.

connected with the subject he/she is interested in.[citation needed] After attracting the fan, converting him into prospect, and letting him buy something from the company, the company has to keep in touch with their customer, continuing providing good and valuable contents with the hope of doing some upselling.

Website overseer

A Website overseer oversees the full process of the web design, copy writing, graphics and Search Engine Optimization of an Internet website.

Typically a Website overseer can be compared to a Construction foreman.

The Website overseer has wide experience in all aspects of web design, building, as a Website content writer, Search Engine Optimization (SEO), Search Engine Marketing (SEM) including Pay-per-click (PPC), Social Media Marketing and Social Media Optimization.

Irish Independent

The Irish Independent is an Irish daily newspaper, and online publication via Independent.ie, which is owned by Independent News & Media (INM) who are a subsidiary of Mediahuis.

The newspaper version often includes glossy magazines.[2] Traditionally a broadsheet newspaper, it introduced an additional compact size in 2004 and in December 2012 (following billionaire Denis O'Brien's takeover) it was announced that the newspaper would become compact only.[3] The Irish Independent was formed in 1905 as the direct successor to The Irish Daily Independent and Daily Nation, an 1890s pro-Parnellite newspaper, and was launched by William Martin Murphy, a controversial Irish nationalist businessman, staunch anti-Parnellite, and fellow townsman of Parnell's most venomous opponent, Bantry's Timothy Michael Healy.[4] The first issue of the Irish Independent, published 2 January 1905, was marked as "Vol.

14.

No.

1." During the 1913 Lockout of workers, in which Murphy was the leading figure among the employers, the Irish Independent vigorously sided with its owner's interests, publishing news reports and opinion pieces hostile to the strikers, expressing confidence in the unions' defeat and launching personal attacks on the leader of the strikers, James Larkin.

The Irish Independent described the 1916 Easter Rising as "insane and criminal" and famously called for the shooting of its leaders.[5] In December 1919, during the Irish War of Independence, a group of twenty IRA men destroyed the printing works of the paper, angered at its criticism of the Irish Republican Army's attacks on members of the Dublin Metropolitan Police and British government officials.[6] In 1924, the traditional nationalist newspaper, the Freeman's Journal, merged with the Irish Independent.

Until October 1986 the paper's masthead over the editorial contained the words "incorporating the Freeman's Journal".[7] For most of its history, the Irish Independent (also called simply the Independent or more colloquially, the Indo) was seen as a nationalist, Catholic, anti-Communist, newspaper,[8] which gave its political allegiance to the Pro-Treaty party Cumann na nGaedheal and later its successor party, Fine Gael.[8] During the Spanish Civil War, the Irish Independent's coverage was strongly pro-Franco; the paper criticised the De Valera government for not intervening on behalf of the Spanish Nationalists.[9] In 1961, the harp became a symbol of the Irish Independent.

It originally appeared in black but was changed to green in 1972.

In the 1970s, former Heinz chairman Tony O'Reilly took over the Irish Independent.

Under his leadership, it became a more populist, market liberal newspaper—populist on social issues, but economically right-wing.

By the mid-nineties its allegiance to Fine Gael had ended.

In the 1997 general election, it endorsed Fianna Fáil under a front-page editorial, entitled "It's Payback Time".

While it suggested its headline referred to the fact that the election offered a chance to "pay back" politicians for their failings, its opponents suggested that the "payback" actually referred to its chance to get revenge for the refusal of the Rainbow Coalition to award the company a mobile phone licence.[10] In late 2004, Independent Newspapers moved from their traditional home in Middle Abbey Street to a new office, "Independent House" in Talbot Street, with the printing facilities already relocated to the Citywest business park near Tallaght.

On 27 September 2005, a fortnight after the paper published its centenary edition, it was announced that editor Vinnie Doyle would step down after 24 years in the position.

He was replaced by Gerry O'Regan, who had until then been editor of the Irish Independent's sister paper, the Evening Herald.

The newspaper's previous editor Stephen Rae was also formerly editor of the Evening Herald and was appointed editor in September 2012.

Fionnan Sheahan was appointed editor in January 2015.[11] Billionaire Denis O'Brien acquired a majority shareholding of the Irish Independent's parent company INM in May 2012.

In July 2019 the takeover of INM by Belgian media group Mediahuis was approved by the Irish High Court.[12] From 11 February 2020, it was announced that Independent.ie content would go behind a paywall.[13] Since 2011, the Irish Independent has been the home of New Irish Writing (and its associated Hennessy Award),[14] which was originally established by David Marcus in 1969 in the Irish Press and appeared in the Sunday Tribune from 1988 to 2011.

The New Irish Writing Page is "the longest-running creative writing feature of its kind in any Irish or British newspaper".[15][16] The Irish Independent, in co-operation with the Institute of Education, produces Exam Brief, a yearly six-part supplement dedicated to preparation for Leaving and Junior Certificate exams.[17] This supplement is published in February, March and April each year.

See Independent News & Media article for newspapers and media assets in the wider group.

Average print circulation was approximately 165,000 copies per issue in 1999,[18] and had dropped to approximately 100,000 by 2016.[19] In 2019, Independent News & Media exited the ABC auditing process.[1] Hence, no circulation figures are available after 2018.

why you must outsource content writing service

Outsourcing content writing can be a decision in favor of any company.

The content writing agency would offer the best content with the highest quality in required quantity.

There are many benefits of outsourcing content writing project to a content writing service provider and this article shares the top 3 benefits of it.Content is one of the most important ingredients of any digital marketing strategy; whether a digital marketing expert uses SEO, SMM or Paid ads, for each mode of marketing, the most vital thing is content.

There are different types of content which are used in the digital marketing still text content is the most used content type.

Generally, for any company, there are 2 different approached to fulfill the required content need.Most of the time, the companies choose to hire a full time or part time content writer, but, I, based on my experience, would recommend outsourcing content writing projects to an experienced content writer or a content writing agency.

If you are wondering why it is so, let me share the top 3 benefits of outsourcing content writing service to an agency or an individual:Each content writer needs to spend a considerable amount of time while writing content.

The reason is he/she needs to make efforts to understand the niche and the latest trends in the market so he/she can write content an audience want to read/consumer and search-bots are more likely to crawl and index.

If you have an in-house content writer, you need to pay for each hour of research spent by the writer and being honest, often in-house resources take this liberty for granted.

On the contrary, while you outsource content writing task, the content writer will charge only for the written content.

As per the industry standard, the content writer charges on per word or per content basis.

It means you don’t need to spend money for their research efforts.

This would save a noteworthy amount.As per my experience, an in-house content writer often spends a lot of time on research on the sake of writing quality content; and it is normally experienced, the quantity of content you receive is less or quality gets compromised.

The outsourced content writer earns based on the content he delivers and as he has to retain the customer in 90% of cases the quality is guaranteed.

If your content requirement is high, you can contract a content writing service provider agency which would have more writers and you can get more quantity of content with quality, of course.

This way your requirement of, quality content in bulk will be satisfied.Generally, when we hire an in-house resource, we are more like to retain it due to long and time consuming recruitment process.

Thus, even if we are not getting the required outcome from the hired content writer, we compromise with the situation.

On the contrary, if you have outsourced content writing service to a remote content writer or a content writing agency and not really happy with the quality or quantity, then you have many options to switch over as there are so many companies which offer best content writing services.

Also, you have an option to take service of different agencies for different types of content which is not possible when you hire an in-house content writer.These are the top 3 reasons to outsource the content writing service as it benefits in saving money and internal resources in handling the in-house content writer.

All you need to do is pay as you go, if you have less content requirement, you need to pay less.

This way you can also do budget controlling, as and when needed.�

excellent tips for writing the best content

Writing better content is not an easy task as it looks like.

You need to follow various rules to produce high quality and readable content.

Writing content that fails to attract viewers or cannot generate traffic for you website, then consider such content as worthless.

Here are some tips that you can apply while writing content to produce some quality stuff.Many a times, you may have considered if your content is really any good.

Guaranteed, you would have strived while writing it, but you’re a small business operator, not a specialist author.

Are visitors connecting with your content? Do they comprehend anything you’re attempting to say? Is there a better way that you can make improvements on what’s already present there? Worry not, of course there is a solution! Here are a few amazing ideas that can assist you improve and write superior content for your website.

freelance web content writing services

freelance web content writing services include: generating content for products, services and informational sites, writing or re-writing existing content in accordance with the organic search engine optimization ideas and strategies, and so on.

The key to success in online business is well-structured, quality content, as it captures the attention of visitors.

finding a balance between sales writing and content writing

Two very different disciplines are often confused among online marketers:� content writing and sales writing.

More than likely it's just a simple misunderstanding, but the two styles are often something that gets mixed up on the page too.

Article marketers are especially guilty of confusing the two and introducing unnecessary sales copy into their content.

At the same time, boring content writing is often mistakenly put into sales copy, robbing it of its effectiveness.

career opportunities in content writing

Content writing is a skill everyone must master.

Businesses and firms communicate with their customers through content.

In fact, contents mark an impact on the thought of a customer.

A good content will help in retaining and discovering new customers.� This article on content writing discusses scope and different career opportunities in this field.�The advent of technology has brought all information to our fingertips, quite literally.

Anything you want to know about is just a click away.

And to make this information reach out to the millions of people who are in search of it, content writers are needed.

The internet has become the biggest medium of reaching out to people.

So almost all businesses need content through which they can reach out to the public.

And that is when content writers are needed, which is the reason for a huge market for content writing jobs.Every single sentence, blog, article, advertisement or post that you read has someone behind it who put the efforts to write it down.

Content writing is emerging as a bright career because digitization is reaching new heights.

And there is more to content writing than just being a novelist or an essayist.�Click here to find ->content writing jobs in Goacareer opportunities in content writing are wider than most people are aware of:Every business nowadays is in the race of making its mark on social media.

As a Social media manager, you are responsible for making the public aware of the business of a company.

The responsibility is to promote a brand on Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and other such social media platforms.

In addition to this, you need to be really creative in making infographic copies, writing captions for posts on Facebook, Twitter, etc.�Journalism is one of the most famous professions that individuals look up to.

If you can make up interesting questions to ask, a neat and intriguing storyline, then you can opt for this career.

You need to write a rich article that the audience would want to listen to and be interested in.�If you do not wish to face the camera as a reporter, you can look into the details of being a news writer.

News that is published in newspapers as articles or online needs to be written outstandingly by news writers.

But for this profession, a person with a degree in journalism is preferred.

You need to create articles that are highly detailed and have the best language that is easy to understand.

The articles need to be written with an unbiased perception and should have a rational conclusion.�If you do not want to be held back by the same kind of writing style and topics, then blogging can be your cup of tea.

But the competition in this field is tough.

You need to be exceptionally good to make your mark as a blogger.

You can either write blogs for different websites or you can create your own website.

Once you are an established blogger, you can earn money by endorsing various brands to your audience.

Blogging gives you the chance to work online.The main highlight of the tasks that a copywriter is responsible for is to create advertisements and taglines in favor of a brand.

The content should be strong and convincing enough to attract the audience to the product that they are endorsing.� If you are good enough at creating endorsing content, this profession can give you the opportunity to earn a high income.�If you do not wish to work under a particular company and entitle your services to one company alone, you can be a freelance writer.

As a freelancer, you get the liberty to choose your own clients and work for them.

Moreover, you can work according to your own time slot and at the comfort of your own place.

But you need to be aware of the fact that your work will depend on the fact whether you are able to get clients for yourself or not.

It is a risky profession so to say.

Freelancers also have the opportunity to work from whichever city they want.7- EditingIf you are good with words, are strongly confident about your grammar and punctuation knowledge, then you can be a good editor.

As good a designation as it may sound, the importance of editing cannot even be stated.

It is the last stage of responsibility for an editor to make the content presentable and error-free before it can be published finally.

The editor should know how to make the content look presentable and easy to understand.

From media, brand companies, publishing houses, everyone is in need of an editor.You need to be able to elucidate typical and complex facts into easily understandable English to be a technical writer.

From writing FAQ's, Instruction-manuals, how-to-guides, there is a lot that a technical writer is responsible for.

To be a good technical writer, you must have thorough knowledge about various topics like engineering, different software, and other such technical domains.�Creating content for various magazines that are published monthly is another prospect for content writers.

You will have to produce content like stories or articles for the magazine on a regular basis.

You need to be interested in writing about fashion and lifestyle to make a mark in the field of magazine writing.

The competition is high, and the number of people is also too high, so you need to make sure you are different than the rest.As a scriptwriter, you have the authority to work independently.

You can either write a script according to your preference and then pitch them to production teams.

Or, you can work under a production team and write scripts according to the ideas of the production team.

The scripts are usually for movies, television serials, plays, etc.�The overall implementation of marketing is the responsibility that comes under content marketing.

Content marketers need to make sure that the delivery of the content is widespread across various social media platforms.

They are also required to set a strategy and make the teams aware of the various recommendations for streamlining content.

From analyzing web traffic to making sure the website performance is growing, all come under the responsibilities of a content marketer.A business works on the basis of communication.

And corporate communications need an expert to carry forward the communication in the right manner.

The light that the company is viewed in, is in the hands of the communications director and on the way they exhibit the company.

A perfect communications director should have great writing as well as marketing skills.

As a communications director, all the activities regarding the press releases, news articles, advertisements, etc.

will come under your supervision.If you have knowledge about how the market works and how you can convince the clients for purchases, then you can be a proposal writer.

As a proposal writer, you need to write documents related to product design, marketing, and pricing.

They evaluate the requests for proposals and initiate responses that help the company win new clients.

You need to have an eye for the potential clients and never miss the opportunities that come your way.In this profession, you use your vast knowledge about the various subjects and your writing skills.

With the amalgamation of these skills, you are required to produce academic content for students who can help them.

Or at higher levels, you can be required to produce educational material that can help individuals in boosting their professional careers.

As an academic writer, you will write articles and columns in magazines or books.As interesting and fun this job profile may sound, do not be mistaken that it is not an easy profession.

There is much more than getting to watch movies for free.

You need to build an informative review and be aware of the fact that a great number of people are going to trust your word.

So you need to be thoughtful enough.

You should have a thorough understanding of how a film is made and what all it takes to make a film.

Only then will you be able to judge the film correctly.�Salary Scope:Career prospects in content writing are very diverse and numerous.

The profession requires the same kind of hard work and dedication as any other profession would demand.

The salary bracket is different for different professions and depends more on your personal skills and experience.

For instance, the average salary of a content manager is around INR 301,269.

The average salary of an Editor is near INR 300,482.

With more experience, the salary can be even higher than INR 560k.�

when writing content go with the flow

For many writing content is time consuming and difficult primarily because they try to 'force' their thoughts and this does not always work!For those who distribute content as a means to advertise online this can be particularly annoying since they write frequently.Read on to discover 3 simple strategies you can use to make the writing process easier, saving time and improving content quality!

copywriting secrets the best around

Regardless of what your content is intended for, you are going to need to learn about some of the top copywriting secrets that will help your content be successful.

Emotions are often seen and felt by a reader depending on the content, and this is a good sign of great persuasive writing.

While some copywriters are aware that there is some content that is for marketing, other types of writing are for plain old writing for information.

what exactly is seo content writing

SEO Content Writing is a new kind of writing that comes with the advent of the Internet.

This article attempts to explain what this new form of writing is.

value of freelance content writing services for businesses

Creating content is about more than just coming up with words for your website.� Web content writing development should be considered a form of art.� Just like a painter�s goal is to captivate their audience, it is a web content specialist�s challenge to write something that informs, inspires, and entertains all at once.

content writing techniques that will make web pages attract quality traffic

It is quality content that helps in attracting good traffic.

Therefore, website owners should hire content writing professionals having adequate experience.

Sound research, writing unique copy, writing an interesting introduction, and presenting information in simple, concise manner are some of the things to consider.

finding balance between sales writing and content writing

The online marketers often get confused between sales writing and content writing.

Merging these two different disciplines into one copy robs the article of its effectiveness, confusing the readers.

So for the article to be successful online, it is absolutely necessary that these two different types of writing are identified and not mixed up in the same piece of writing.Hiring expertise of a content writing company for your website can help you strike a perfect balance between the above mentioned styles of writing.

Meanwhile, these following tips can be a stepping stone to find a balance between sales writing and content writing:Incorporating Sales ContentIn a promotional article, it is advisable to keep sales or the pre-sales talk to a minimum.

Content writing services have stressed on the fact that the purpose of such an article is certainly not to sell the product or service to the consumers right away.

However, you can incorporate few aspects of pre-sales into the promotional article to lure users to click on your website but ensure that it is not the highlight of the article.The sales copy should be saved for the landing page of the website.

The main point of a promotional article is to convince the reader to click and visit your website with a peaked interest in possible purchase or subscription.

Instead of working on a sales copy, your article should have flow and readability, and should be able to generate interest among potential consumers.How to Pre-sellAny article has a basic structure – introduction, then discussion on the topic or problem presented in the introduction and the concluding argument.

In the case of a promotional article, the first section should introduce a problem or a situation or an opportunity.The second part of the article should explore the mentioned situation and talk how it affects the reader.

What is the status of this situation? This part will be the stepping stone to your final section – potential solution for the reader.

Content writing services always advice their clients not to sell their idea outright.

Instead, the article should push the reader to explore your website and feel motivated to buy.

This pre-selling technique has proved effective in the past.The Actual SellingWhile it is said that the content itself should not sell, but it should work in tandem with the sales copy to achieve a sale.�Leading content writing services have stressed that the content writers should familiarize themselves with the sales and landing pages.

This exercise would help incorporate important elements into the writing.

So whether you are writing an article or working on a marketing campaign, follow this useful tip.The above mentioned pointers would come in handy to attract interested readers and prospective buyers to your website.

If you are a content writing company, knowledge and implementation of these tips would benefit your client to increase their sales and website traffic, and help you land potential clients as well.If you are hiring a content writing company to help you with sales writing and content writing, it is always recommended that you check their quality of work from their former and current clients.

how to find a competent content writing service in the us

To write a content is not a easy process as we have to do it in a professional way.

The best way is to find the content writing expert to avoid grammatical errors and spelling mistakes.

They present the content to users in beautiful way.There are hundreds and thousands of content writers catering to businesses in the US, but not all of them are creative or professional enough to handle your business’s content requirements.

You need to find content writers that understand your business and have been writing for long enough to handle the complex task of attracting and engaging your targeted audience.

Content writing service in the US has over 128,000,000 results on Google, but only a selected number of those results would be able to provide high-quality content.

So how do you find the right company? You do your research well.

Following are some factors you need to keep in mind when hiring a company:Wouldn’t you rather go to someone who has already proven their mantle in the past? If you are hiring content writing services, for the first time, or have made some bad calls in the past, then now is the time to ask around other business owners for their experiences.

You can use social media to ask around for people in your network how their content writing experience has been.

This way you’d at least know which companies or service providers to steer clear from.Ask for the service providers to give a list of their previous or current customers.

Then do the search yourself to see how they score on search engine rankings and what kind of methods have they used to get them there.

A website may come at the top of the search engine listings using unethical methods, but that runs a very high risk of being blacklisted by Google.

So don’t just judge a writing service based on their ability to write content that tops results.

You want content that is impactful enough to make the readers follow your call to action.Ask the company to provide information on how their content has affected their client’s visibility or the number of hits and calls to action.

A competent content writing service in US should be able to write content that adds value to the business as well as to its customers.Have You Found a Content Writing Service in the US that Delivers What it Promises?Finding high-quality, value-adding content is hard, and finding professionals who can write such content is even harder.

So make sure you let others’ experiences be your guide to finding a good match rather than falling prey yourself again and again.

All the best with your hunt!

reliable web content writing and seo solutions

There is no denying that web content writing and SEO have emerged to be the hottest fields on the web today.

That is why the best SEO Company has been offering the reliable and cost effective content writing and search engine optimization services to its most reliable customers worldwide.

online writing and beyond writers will lead the content revolution

This article was written in 2001 or so.

Web writing has come a long way! This article explains the way content writers look at web writing and why the role is so vital to good website content.

content marketing make money writing quality content

Many article writers paid lip service to 'content is king'.

In order to make money writing, marketers must face the reality of Google's new content search algorithms.

Quality content cannot be ignored.

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Your online business can thrive plentifully indeed if you consistently use or hire professional SEO content writing service.

This proven technique is truthfully held in high esteem by every webmaster.

As you know, Search engine optimization or SEO is a cure-all for all the issues and stumbling blocks your website is facing, the technique works essentially in sharply overcoming the standstills of your business.

Incidentally, content writing service is a significant module of SEO, so it is guaranteed that it will create a huge difference in leveraging your business and unleash the overall potential for it.

Professional SEO content writing outstandingly stands your website apart from the competitors and helps it earn an enviable visibility in search engines as well as your target people provided the content is original, creative, catchy and informative for the reader.

This strategy consistently works wonders to attract your target traffic to your website and hopefully they will like to purchase your website's services/products, which will enhance your business sales.

Again, SEO content writing technique can skyrocket the effectiveness of your weblog.

As we all know, a blog is a great promotional tool to carve a niche for a brand by enhancing its repute and driving enormous traffic to it.

The principles and strategies are the same for promoting a weblog as they are for your general website.

Blogs however, also essentially need to be informative in style, so that there can be surety as a massive volume of traffic will drive to your website.

SEO content writing services come into handy for online promotion greatly however the basic thing you fundamentally need to ensure is whatever you have posted online is friendly to search engine optimization to determine that there can be multiple useful back links to your website with lots of hits you can get in a variety of website techniques.

The most common way to use these services for internet marketing is through article marketing.

The premium way to make the most out of internet marketing is definitely via article marketing.

You need to create or get create informative and promotional articles about your website, its product/service or the industry you deal with.

On successful completion, these articles need to be syndicated into multiple article directories, where they earn visibility in search engines.

The articles pave the way for the link back to your website and there is an improved exposure of traffic.

This ultimately enhances the image of your brand identity and bump up the business sales.

With all that said above, suffice it to say that SEO content writing is a versatile technique to raise the ranks of your business efficiently.

This service can turn all your business visions into reality.

You will find out for your entire satisfaction that the more search engine optimized content you have online, the higher are the odds for your online business to go up.

If you have not tried implementing SEO content writing you will be surprised to see the results that you will achieve.

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SEO Content writing is the art of preparing content for web pages that is dedicated to making the web site attractive to search engines.

Content is no longer useful unless it gets readers and impresses the readers enough to turn them into your customers.

Not only impressive but the content in the competitive edge of today needs to be well-optimized as per search engine preferences so that it can reach more and more visitors online.The term means search engine optimization writing.

The search engines also focus on the quality of content and information on the site.

Unless your web content is having the keywords that the prospective clients key in at the search engines, your website would not be displayed at the top of the search engine directories.

While the rules for good SEO content writing vary somewhat from search engine to search engine, each of the major companies has an algorithm that quantifies how well a specific web page has matched their optimum appearance set by the search engine.To achieve this, you should hire dedicated SEO content writers and relax with the firm knowledge that you would get heavy traffic to your website.

Search engines find relevant information about specific searches on the basis of keywords and phrases used by the visitors.

If visitors' search phrases match the copy of the target pages and the pages are properly optimized, results will be shown on the search pages.

A search engine copywriting professional who is an expert in the creation of search engine friendly copies can help a whale in the entire process.Even though effective SEO content writing is defined by the use of appropriate keywords which give the page a powerful page rank.

You may also outsource SEO content writing services if you are developing or redeveloping content for multiple portals or large number of websites.

Another situation would be projects that needs proper research and quick, focused and time bound attention.

Mostly offshore clients outsourcing content writing services prefer Indian companies with respect to quality and cost effective advantages.

Professional SEO or content writing companies in India are well versed in writing effective content in bulk.

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Each business needs to have a strong digital presence to go ahead of the competition.

The best SEO is one of the most effective practices to meet this agenda.

The professional SEO experts often use article marketing as their main strategy to get higher rankings in search engines for their targeted keywords.

To execute effective blog marketing, these SEO experts require quality SEO blog writing services.

Earlier, there was a craze of getting in-house article writers.

However, these days businesses and professional SEO managers prefer to outsource SEO blog writing project to a professional and experienced writer who work remotely or a content writing service provider company that has a team of writers with on hand expertise of writing SEO friendly writing.

The major reasons for growing popularity of outsourcing SEO content writing to an agency or expert are briefed on this article.

You just can't ignore professional SEO friendly content Content has been king and will be for at least a decade.

Yes, there are more type of content added in the digital marketing still textual content has its own value and worth.

Any business that is willing to get positioned as a good brand can't ignore digital marketing and it is impossible to imagine digital marketing or an online business without SEO.

You get diversified content The in-house writer might be pro in writing SEO friendly articles, but, there are high chances to get monotonous writing while the same writer is writing on the same topic again and again.

While you outsource SEO content writing, you have a large pool of options.

You can hire more than one writer writing occasionally or frequently for you or even better you may contract with a company that has a team of more than one professional writer.

This way, the SEO specialist can have quality content with different styles and varieties to increase the interest of readers and gaining other content marketing benefits.

You can get more quantity without compromising quality Each writer has its own human limitations to write on a subject and to deliver a specific quantity.

If you enforce them to deliver more, the article quality will be compromised for sure.

Outsourcing SEO writing service will ensure you can take help of quality content writers delivering the best articles, Blogs and other types of SEO content in required quantity.

Cost saving at its best While a company uses SEO article writing services from a third party provider, it doesn't need to invest in recruiting the best talent and managing it on premises.

It saves a lot of cost in human resource management.

Furthermore, the writers need to invest a lot of time in research.

While you hire a remote writing service, you are paying only for a delivered content.

There is no requirement of paying for the hours spent in research.

These are the four major reasons why outsourcing SEO blog writing is in so much in demand these days and you, too, should take advantage of SEO writing service offered by professionals.

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In the market we've every kind of companies effective and we all look at the top models within the marketplace.

All companies know which fact plus so they understand how fundamental that creates it to be the very best brands.

They you should make up so many plans to search for solutions for creating the company the best inside of a business.

These recruit viewers to target out the campaign of the company brand.

But the key plan that arrives up can be gathering this company products and services to get far and wide known crosswise the web.

It can be the first step of promoting at present a day as online continues to be trusted crosswise the globe.

But it's the initial spot that buyers assessment designed for reviews in addition to feedbacks next to products and services of the company.

In this manner most certainly required that great shoppers take up the task for the cause it to possible.

Undoubtedly primarily since the internet may be able to but will power by the side of how people examine this company as well it's products plus services.The SEO work is all about creating the company name crop up first in the midst of your google search outcome because world wide web valued clientele rather assessment by way of only the first hardly any search results from the favored search engines just like Goggle.

The interest in this business opportunities has been high and is necessary next to principally each and every the corporation in any trade.

These kinds of facilities are actually attained from plenty of organizations giving Internet marketing content writing services that impart information as well as techniques that helps through the advertising.

These kinds of providers that make available the SEO content writing service is out there crosswise the country, locally as well across the world.

The rate have become finalized following having a conversation along with the corporation plus it should be based on the necessity and sort of the web page writing service needed.The company between the best content writing service can be found through the web itself since shoppers between the necessity designed for site content writing for his or her firm attractiveness.

Your feedbacks of these facilities can be found on their web page also on website who compares your conveniences supplied.

Each among the web content writing companies need a website of their to spotlight your facilities they supply.

The purpose of SEO content writing involves correcting situations wherever black mark on the corporation's name or product as well as services tend to be hidden deep within the internet or its changed within a really system which it is going to't be found with no trouble or else along with any key word used.

Content writing services might be a life investor for many organizations which try to produce a mark in a trade earth.

This kind of web content writing services is needed and can't be stopped at much point although as long as this company ever plans for the stop.

Absolutely since marketing of a company is important for its enlargement in addition to content writing can also only do this part of selling through the world wide web.

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