Rotation

Sun moon

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_friction

Historical evidence

This mechanism has been working for 4.5 billion years, since oceans first formed on the Earth. There is geological and paleontological evidence that the Earth rotated faster and that the Moon was closer to the Earth in the remote past. Tidal rhythmites are alternating layers of sand and silt laid down offshore from estuaries having great tidal flows. Daily, monthly and seasonal cycles can be found in the deposits. This geological record is consistent with these conditions 620 million years ago: the day was 21.9±0.4 hours, and there were 13.1±0.1 synodic months/year and 400±7 solar days/year. The length of the year has remained virtually unchanged during this period because no evidence exists that the constant of gravitation has changed. The average recession rate of the Moon between then and now has been 2.17±0.31 cm/year, which is about half the present rate.^[4]

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Historiske beviser

Denne mekanisme har arbejdet for 4,5 milliarder år siden oceaner første oprettet på Jorden. Der er geologiske og paleontological bevis for, at Jorden roterer hurtigere og at Månen var tættere på Jorden i fjern fortid. Tidevandsregime rhythmites er vekslende lag af sand og slam, der er fastsat offshore fra flodmundinger, der har stor tidevandsenergi strømme. Daglige, månedlige og sæsonarbejderes cyklusser kan findes i indskud. Denne geologiske record er i overensstemmelse med disse betingelser, 620 millioner år siden: Den dag var 21,9 ± 0,4 timer, og der var 13,1 ± 0,1 synodic måneder / år og 400 ± 7 solvarme dage / år. Længden af året stort set forblevet uændret i denne periode, fordi ingen beviser for, at den konstant gravitation har ændret sig. Den gennemsnitlige recession på Månen mellem dengang og nu er 2,17 ± 0,31 cm / år, hvilket er omkring halvdelen af det nuværende tempo. [4]

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http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/leapsec.html

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http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000RvGeo..38...37W

Over the past decade the analysis of sedimentary cyclic rhythmites of tidal origin, i.e., stacked thin beds or laminae usually of sandstone, siltstone, and mudstone that display periodic variations in thickness reflecting a strong tidal influence on sedimentation, has provided information on Earth's paleorotation and the evolving lunar orbit for Precambrian time (before 540 Ma). Depositional environments of tidal rhythmites range from estuarine to tidal delta, with a wave-protected, distal ebb tidal delta setting being particularly favorable for the deposition and preservation of long, detailed rhythmite records. The potential sediment load of nearshore tidal currents and the effectiveness of the tide as an agent of sediment entrainment and deposition are related directly to tidal range (or maximum tidal height) and consequent current speed. Hence the thickness of successive laminae deposited by tidal currents can be a proxy tidal record, with paleotidal and paleorotational values being determined by analysis of measured records of lamina and cycle thickness. The validity of the findings can be investigated by testing the primary, observed values for internal self-consistency through application of the laws of celestial mechanics. Paleotidal and paleorotational values provided by late Neoproterozoic (~620 Ma) tidal rhythmites in South Australia are validated by these tests and indicate 13.1+/-0.1 synodic (lunar) months/yr, 400+/-7 solar days/yr, a length of day of 21.9+/-0.4h, and a relative Earth-Moon distance a/a₀ of 0.965+/-0.005. The mean rate of lunar recession since that time is 2.17+/-0.31cm/yr, which is little more than half the present rate of lunar recession of 3.82+/-0.07cm/yr obtained by lunar laser ranging. The late Neoproterozoic data militate against significant overall change in Earth's moment of inertia and radius at least since 620 Ma. Cyclicity displayed by Paleoproterozoic (2450 Ma) banded iron formation in Western Australia may record tidal influences on the discharge and/or dispersal of submarine hydrothermal plumes and suggests 14.5+/-0.5 synodic months/yr and a/a₀=0.906+/-0.029. The combined rhythmite data give a mean rate of lunar recession of 1.24+/-0.71cm/yr during most of the Proterozoic (2450-620 Ma), suggesting that a close approach of the Moon did not occur during earlier time. Concentrated study of Precambrian tidal rhythmites promises to illuminate the evolving dynamics of the early Earth-Moon system and may permit the lunar orbit to be traced back to near the time of the Moon's origin.