5: Instrumental Music in Italy and Spain
The performance of an opera seria in Turin's Teatro Regio, 1730–1760, probably by Giovanni Michele Granieri. For an analysis of this famous painting, see Margaret Butler, "'Olivero's' Painting of Turin's Teatro Regio: Toward a Reevaluation of an Operatic Emblem," Music in Art 34 (2009), 137–51 JSTOR
Documentary
The History of the Pianoforte: A Documentary in Sound, written by Eva Badura-Skoda (VHS, DVD, Indiana University Press, 1999, 2013)
Musical Facsimiles
Lodovico Giustini's Piano Sonatas, Op. 1 IMSLP
Much of Luigi Boccherini's instrumental music (including the Op. 9 Quartets "dedicated to the amateur musicians of Madrid") is available in facsimiles of the original printed parts on IMSLP
Websites
The Pianofortes of Bartolomeo Cristofori http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/cris/hd_cris.htm
Grand Piano by Manuel Antunes, Lisbon, 1767
Videos
The Metropolitan Museum's Cristofori piano (1720): performances by Dongsok Shin of Domenico Scarlatti's Sonata K. 6 (Youtube) and Lodovico Giustini's Sonata No. 6, Preludio (Youtube)
Grand Piano by Manuel Antunes, Lisbon, 1767 National Music Museum, Vermillion, South Dakota
Recordings
Example 5.1: Lodovico Giustini, Sonata in G minor, third movement, Andrea Coen, fortepiano in the style of Cristofori, Youtube
Sinfonia (overture) to Latilla's La finta cameriera, Antonio Florio, cond., Opus 111; also on Youtube
See also "Audio and Video Recordings to Accompany Anthology" (click on left)
Reading
Adams, Sarah. “International Dissemination of Printed Music during the Second Half of the Eighteenth Century,” Dissemination of Music: Studies in the History of Music Publishing, ed. Hans Lenneberg (Lausanne: Gordon and Breach, 1994), 21–42 Worldcat
Caplin, William E. Classical Form: A Theory of Formal Functions for the Instrumental Music of Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998) Worldcat
Domenico Scarlatti in Spain, ed. Luisa Morales (Almería: Associación Cultural LEAL, 2009) Worldcat Editor's website
Domenico Scarlatti. Portrait by Domingo Antonio Velasco, 1738
Freeman, Daniel E. "Lodovico Giustini and the Emergence of the Keyboard Sonata in Italy," Anuario musical 58 (2003), 111–38
Hepokoski, James and Warren Darcy. Elements of Sonata Theory: Norms, Types, and Deformations in the Late-Eighteenth-Century Sonata (New York: Oxford University Press, 2006) Worldcat
Kirkpatrick, Ralph. Domenico Scarlatti (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1953) Worldcat
Le Guin, Elisabeth. Boccherini’s Body: An Essay in Carnal Musicology (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006 Wordcat Author's website
McClymonds, Marita Petzoldt. “The Italian Opera Sinfonia 1720–1800,” The Eighteenth-Century Symphony, ed. Mary Sue Morrow and Bathia Churgin (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2012), 117–34 Worldcat
Music in Spain during the Eighteenth Century, ed. Malcolm Boyd and Juan José Carreras (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998) Worldcat
Pollens, Stewart. The Early Pianoforte (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995) Worldcat Author's website
The church of San Antonio, part of the royal palace complex at Aranjuez, was designed by Santiago Bonavia around 1752, and thus a product of the same time and place as Scarlatti's sonatas.
Ridgewell, Rupert. "Artaria's Music Shop and Boccherini's Music in Viennese Musical life," Early Music 33 (2005), 179–89 Project MUSE
Sisman, Elaine. "Six of One: The Opus Concept in the Eighteenth Century," The Century of Bach and Mozart: Perspectives on Historiography, Composition, Theory, and Performance, ed. Thomas Forrest Kelly and Sean Gallagher (Harvard University Press, 2009), 79–107 Worldcat
Spitzer, John and Neal Zaslaw, The Birth of the Orchestra: History of an Institution, 1650-1815 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004) Worldcat
Sutcliffe, W. Dean, The Keyboard Sonatas of Domenico Scarlatti and Eighteenth-Century Musical Style (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003) Worldcat
Taruskin, Richard. The Oxford History of Western Music, vol. 2: The Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005), 390–97 Worldcat
Francisco Goya's portrait of Don José Álvarez de Toledo y Gonzaga, the Duke of Alba, leaning against a harpsichord or grand piano and holding the score of four songs by Haydn
Study Guide
Some names, titles, and terms introduced in chapter 5
Alessandro Scarlatti
sinfonia
Nicola Logroscino
Bartolomeo Cristofori
gravicembalo con piano e forte
Daniel Gottlob Türk
Lodovico Giustini
Dodici sonate da cimbalo di piano e forte detto volgarmente di martelletti
João de Seixas
Princess Maria Barbara of Portugal, later queen of Spain
Domenico Scarlatti
Essercizi per gravicembalo
Luigi Boccherini
Topics for discussion
The harpsichord and the piano co-existed during the entire eighteenth century. How does their co-existence relate to the co-existence of learned and galant music during the same period?
Domenico Scarlatti and Boccherini, both brilliant composers of instrumental music, exemplified two very different models of musical production and dissemination. As you continue to explore eighteenth-century music, think about how other composers, such as Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven, sought to use both models.