ہیپاٹائٹس یعنی یرقان کی تین اقسام ہیں جنھیں ہیپاٹائٹس اے، بی اور سی کا نام دیا گیا ہے۔
طبی ماہرین کے مطابق، ہیپاٹائٹس اے زیادہ خطرناک بیماری نہیں ہے اور یرقان کی اِس قسم میں مبتلا مریض بہت سے کیسز میں اکثر بغیر علاج معالجے کے صحت یاب ہوجاتے ہیں۔ تاہم، اِس کا مطلب بیماری کی علامات کو ہرگز نظرانداز کرنا نہیں اور طبی مشورہ ضروری ہے۔ لیکن، طبی ماہرین کے مطابق، ہیپاٹائٹس بی اور سی کا مرض نسبتاً مہلک ثابت ہو سکتا ہے۔
ہیپاٹائٹس بی کی عام علامات میں بھوک کا نہ لگنا، اسہال، تھکاوٹ کا احساس جِلد اور آنکھوں میں پیلاہٹ اور پٹھوں، جوڑوں اور معدے میں درد کا ہونا شامل ہے۔
طبی ماہرین کے مطابق، اگر ہیپاٹائٹس بی کے مرض کا بروقت علاج نہ کیا جائے تو اِس سے نہ صرف جگر کا کینسر ہو سکتا ہے، بلکہ یہ ہلاکت کا سبب بھی بن سکتا ہے۔
ایک اندازے کے مطابق ہر سال صرف امریکہ میں 3000سے 5000لوگ ہیپاٹائٹس بی کی وجہ سے مرجاتے ہیں۔ یہ بیماری خون یا پھر متاثرہ انسان کے باڈی فلوئڈ کے ذریعے پھیلتی ہے۔
Hepatitis B is a serious liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). For some people, hepatitis B infection becomes chronic, leading to liver failure, liver cancer or cirrhosis — a condition that causes permanent scarring of the liver.
Most people infected with hepatitis B as adults recover fully, even if their signs and symptoms are severe. Infants and children are much more likely to develop a chronic hepatitis B infection. Although no cure exists for hepatitis B, a vaccine can prevent the disease. If you're already infected, taking certain precautions can help prevent spreading HBV to others.
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Signs and symptoms of hepatitis B usually appear about three months after you've been infected and can range from mild to severe. Signs and symptoms of hepatitis B may include:
Abdominal pain
Dark urine
Fever
Joint pain
Loss of appetite
Nausea and vomiting
Weakness and fatigue
Yellowing of your skin and the whites of your eyes (jaundice)
Most infants and children with hepatitis B never develop signs and symptoms. The same is true for some adults.
When to see a doctor
Seek medical care if you have any signs or symptoms that worry you.
Hepatitis B infection is caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). The virus is passed from person to person through blood, semen or other body fluids. When HBV enters your liver, it invades the liver cells and begins to multiply. This causes inflammation in the liver and leads to the signs and symptoms of hepatitis B infection.
If you know you've been exposed to hepatitis B, contact your doctor immediately. A preventive treatment may reduce the risk that the virus will infect your body. But the treatment must be given within 24 hours of exposure to the hepatitis B virus.
Common ways HBV is transmitted include:
Sexual contact. You may become infected if you have unprotected sexual contact with an infected partner whose blood, saliva, semen or vaginal secretions enter your body.
Sharing of needles. HBV is easily transmitted through needles and syringes contaminated with infected blood. Sharing intravenous (IV) drug paraphernalia puts you at high risk of hepatitis B.
Accidental needle sticks. Hepatitis B is a concern for health care workers and anyone else who comes in contact with human blood.
Mother to child. Pregnant women infected with HBV can pass the virus to their babies during childbirth.
Acute vs. chronic hepatitis B
Hepatitis B infection may be either short-lived (acute hepatitis B) or long lasting (chronic hepatitis B).
Acute hepatitis B infection lasts less than six months. If the disease is acute, your immune system is usually able to clear the virus from your body, and you should recover completely within a few months. Most people who acquire hepatitis B as adults have an acute infection.
Chronic hepatitis B infection lasts six months or longer. When your immune system can't fight off the virus, hepatitis B infection may become lifelong, possibly leading to serious illnesses such as cirrhosis and liver cancer. Most infants infected with HBV at birth and many children infected between 1 and 5 years of age become chronically infected. Chronic infection may go undetected for decades until a person becomes seriously ill from liver disease.