WRC 107/537

WRC 107 - K. R. Wichman, A. G. Hopper, and J. L. Mershon

LOCAL STRESSES IN SPHERICAL AND CYLINDRICAL SHELLS DUE TO EXTERNAL LOADINGS

WRC Bulletin 107 presents the results of an analytical and experimental research program aimed at providing methods for determining the stresses in pressure vessel nozzle connections subjected to various forms of external loadings. Based on the work of P.P. Bijlaard, the Bulletin covers the sign conventions, parameters, calculation of stresses, nondimensional curves, and limitations on application for spherical and cylindrical shells and an abridged calculation for maximum stress in spherical shells.

First published in 1965, WRC Bulletin 107 was revised in 1968, 1970, 1972, 1979 and 2002.

WRC 107 does not state the stresses due to pressure because of its scope for external loadings If the general membrane stress existed at section in the nozzle due to pressure, it should be the  thrust load to shell wall. Otherwise it is not necessary to consider the thrust load. As mentioned above, WRC 107 is out of scope, and just applied pressure thrust is not appropriate approach using WRC 107. It depends how the program implemented the pressure term on WRC 107 module. The better is WRC 368/497 or FEM to calculate local stresses at discontinuity location.

 WRC 537 - D. A. Osage, M. Straub, M. E. Buchheim, D. E. Amos, T. N. Chiasson, D. A. Samodell 

Precision Equations and Enhanced Diagrams For Local Stresses In Spherical and Cylindrical Shells Due To External Loadings For Implementation of WRC Bulletin 107

Bulletin 537 is intended to facilitate implementation of the widely required and used relations found in the March 1979 Revision of WRC 107 for local stresses in spherical and cylindrical shells due to external loadings. The original analytical and experimental work of WRC’s Pressure Vessel Research Council delivered has become the an essential tool for pressure vessel design for 45 years and in its present form for over 30 years. In response to numerous requests over the years for the precise equations depicted in the figures in the 1979 version of WRC 107, WRC 537 has been prepared. The objective was to eliminate potential errors in implementation, facilitate proper interpolation and extrapolation and permit efficient computation with modern computers.

WRC will no longer deliver WRC 107 when requested for purchase. WRC 537 provides exactly the same content in a more useful and clear format. It is not an update or a revision of 107. It is the 2010 printing of WRC 107. It has been meticulously checked. Those responsible for codes, standards and specifications that require use of WRC 107 should amend those documents to reflect the fact that WRC 537 is equivalent WRC 107 and provides the same acceptable basis for design. 

WRC  537 provides the stress factor curves for cylindrical shell attachment with additional extrapolated curves, and note says "Extrapolated curves are provided for ease of programming, when required, and are indicated by the term Extrapolated in the figure and titles. These curves are thought to provide conservative results; however, there is not a rigorous theoretical background to support the extrapolation provided."

ISBN 1-58145-544-5, 188 pages, December 2010

WRC: http://foreng1.securesites.net/wrc/

Welding Research Council Bulletins: http://foreng1.securesites.net/cgi-bin/wrcbulletin/bulletin.pl

Local Stresses in Nozzles in Shells and Formed Heads from External Loads

STP-PT-074 - 2015

The purpose of this report is to compute local stresses in nozzles and shells in the D/T range from 7 to 2500, the d/D range from 0 to 0.7 and the t/T range from 0.1 to 10. Rules for the evaluation of the local stresses in accordance with ASME BPVC Section VIII - Division 2 - Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels - Alternative Rules are also provided along with validation comparisons against other correlations, finite element results and test data. Pad reinforced nozzles are considered but little validation is available. Pad reinforced nozzle guidelines should be used with caution.

Publisher: ASME Standards Technology LLC

https://sites.google.com/site/fumioandostockyards/stock/nozzle