Flexibility factor

Piping Code

k=1.65/h

Applicable range: h>0.33

Karman Approximation

k=1+9/(12h2+1) 

k=1+(9+0.255/h2)/(12h2+1.34+0.0075/h2)

Applicable range: h>0.3

ASME Code Case N-319-3, in-plane felxibility factor

http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/5278613-rHOjSB/

Consideration of Flanged Bend