Image physics related concepts

A part of the CVonline computer vision resource summarizing the scene, optics and sensor phenomena commonly encountered in computer vision and image processing.

1. Color and reflectance

   1. Albedo, Irradiance, Radiance, Reflectance, Luminance

   2. Bidirectional reflectance distribution function

   3. Color difference

   4. Color vision, Colorimetry

      1. Illumination, lightness, color constancy, reflectance recovery and shading correction

      2. Color correction

      3. Color normalization

   5. Color representation systems

• • 1. CIE 1931 color space

    2. Color spaces and color space conversions

    3. YIQ color space

    4. Principal component basis space

1. 6. Dichromatic reflectance model

   7. Empirical color representations

• • 1. Statistical colour representations

    2. Basis function color representations

1. 8. Reflectance map

   9. Special worlds

• • 1. Mondrian

    2. Monochrome

2. Image content, structure and formation

• 1. Image content and formation

  2. Neighborhood operation

  3. Photometric content

     1. Gamma correction

     2. Hue/White balance correction

     3. Quantigraphics and multiple observations

     4. Saturation correction

  4. Spatial frequency and sampling

  5. Image quantization and compression

  6. Superresolution

3. Light and illumination

• 1. Elementary physics of light and illumination

     1. Electromagnetic radiation, Electromagnetic spectrum

     2. Elementary effects: Diffraction, Interference, Reflection, Refraction, Transmittance

     3. Elementary manipulation: Collimation, Diffraction gratings, Diffusion, Mirrors, Prisms

     4. Standard sources: Light sources

  2. Source geometry

     2. 1. Backlighting

        2. Area light source

• • 1. Diffuse reflection

    2. Line light source

    3. Point light source

       1. Summary of different light sources

• 3. Special situations

• • 1. Illumination techniques for improving observation

    2. Mutual illumination and interreflections

    3. Polarization

    4. Shadow and highlight enhancement

    5. Spectral filtering

• 4. Special sources

• • 1. Acoustic Sonar

    2. Infrared

    3. Laser

    4. Scanning electron microscope

    5. Synthetic aperture radar

4. Image noise and noise in video

• 1. Distributions

     1. Gaussian noise

     2. Salt and pepper noise

     3. Speckle noise

     4. Uniform noise

  2. Noise sources

• • 1. Amplifier noise

    2. Heteroscedastic noise

    3. kTC noise

    4. Electronic noise

    5. Photon noise

    6. Quantization noise

    7. Thermal noise

5. Optics

• 1. Optical transfer function

  2. Modulation transfer function

  3. Basic geometric optics

  4. Catadioptric optics

  5. Depth of field

  6. Depth of focus

  7. Focal length

  8. Focus invariant imaging

  9. Image control: Focus, Aperture, Exposure/Shuttering, Gain, Offset

  10. Image distortion

  11. lenses

  12. Telecentric lenses

  13. Vignetting

6. Sensor response

7. Surface shape physics

• 1. Empirical surface models

  2. Surface classes

     1. Fractal surfaces

     2. Lambertian surfaces

     3. Phong reflection

     4. Specular reflection

  3. Texture