Voucher specimens (Womersley 1976) in duplicates and young leaf or bud samples (in silica gel) will be collected from each orchard to represent the apple varieties identified by the informants. Voucher information collected will also be compatible and consistent with developing database standards (Alexiades 1996, Cook 1995) and GBIG metadata standards (GBIF 2011). For all collections, Global Positioning System (GPS) data will be recorded to co-locate plants with orchards. Voucher specimens will be deposited at an appropriate herbarium of the host country (where the research is being conducted) and at BRIT. Silica gel leaf material genetic samples will be collected in pairs sending one to an international apple genetic facility in Europe (Istituto Agrario San Michele all’Adige Research and Innovation Centre, Trento, Italy) or North America (USDA Plant Genetic Resources in Geneva, NY) and to BRIT. Samples sent to BRIT will be inventoried and stored in a -60OC freezer until requested by S. Keeley (Univ. of HI).