Emerson
Reading Emerson: break down the text into small chunks
"What I must do is all that concerns me, not what the people think. This rule, equally arduous in actual and in intellectual life, may serve for the whole distinction between greatness and meanness. It is the harder, because you will always find those who think they know what is your duty better than you know it. It is easy in the world to live after the world's opinion;
it is easy in solitude to live after our own;
but the great man is he who
in the midst of the crowd
keeps with perfect sweetness
the independence of solitude."[172]
From: Self-Reliance by Ralph Waldo Emerson
Taken from McDougal Littell's The Language of Literature: American Literature 2002
There is a rime in every man's education when he arrives at the conviction that envy is
ignorance; that he must take himself for better or for worse as his portion; that though the wide
universe is full of good, no kernel of nourishing corn can come to him but through his toil
bestowed on that plot of ground which is given to him to tillA.
Trust thyself: every heart vibrates to that iron string. Accept the place the divine
providence has found for you, the society of your contemporaries, the connection of events.
Great men have always done so, and confided themselves childlike to the genius of their age,
betraying their perception that the absolutely trustworthy was seated at their heart, working
through their hands, predominating in all their beingA.
Whoso would be a man, must be a nonconformist. He who would gather immortal palms
must not be hindered by the name of goodness, but mist explore if it be goodness. Nothing is a
last sacred but the integrity of your own mind. Absolve you to yourself, and you shall have the
suffrage of the world. I remember an answer which when quite young I was prompted to make to
a valued adviser who was wont to importune me with the dear old doctrines of the church. On
my saying, "What have I to do with the sacredness of traditions, if I live wholly from within?O
my friend suggested "But these impulses may be from below, not from above." I replied,
"They do not seem to me to be such; but if I am the Devil,s child, I will live then from the
Devil. No law can be sacred to me but that of my nature. Good and bad are but names very
readily transferable to that or this; the only right is what is after my constitution; the only wrong
what is against it".
What I must do is all that concerns me, not what the people think. This rule, equally
arduous in actual and in intellectual life, may serve for the whole distinction between greatness
and meanness. It is the harder because you will always find those who think they know what is
your duty better than you know it. It is easy in the world to live after the world's opinion; it is
easy in solitude to live after our won; but the great man is he who in the midst of the crowd
keeps with perfect sweetness the independence of solitudeA.
For nonconformity the world whips you with its displeasure. And therefore a man must
know how to estimate a sour face. The by-standers look askance on him in the public street or in
the friend's parlor. If this aversion had its origin in contempt and resistance like his own he
might well go home with a sad countenance; but the sour faces of the multitude, like their sweet
faces, have no deep cause, but are put on and off as the wind blows and a newspaper directs.
The other terror that scares us from self-trust is our consistency; a reverence for our past
act or word because the eyes of others have no other data for computing our orbit than our past
acts, and we are loth to disappoint them.
A foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds, adored by little statesmen and
philosophers and divines. With consistency a great soul has simply nothing to do. He may as
well concern himself with his shadow on the wall. Speak what you think now in hard words, and
tomorrow speak what tomorrow thinks in hard words again, though it contradict every thing
you said today. "Ah, so you shall be sure to be misunderstood." Is it so bad then to be
misunderstood? Pythagoras was misunderstood, and Socrates, and Jesus, and Luther, and
Copernicus, and Galileo, and Newton, and every pure and wise spirit that ever took flesh. To be
great is to be misunderstood.
Example Aphorism:
"The man who does not read good books has no advantage over the man who cannot read them."
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