beowulfkorea - linux nabi

4.1. (Linux) bootloader (lilo, grub, syslinux/extlinux) -> compiled kernel (gcc, buildroot) -> root file system = rootfs (buildroot, debootstrap) -> kernel init (init, systemd) -> kernel, rootfs test (qemu-system-x86_64) -> package manager (apt, apt-get, aptitude, snap (closed source), flatpak (open source), dnf, yum, ...) -> make iso

4.2. (Embedded Linux) bootloader (u-boot, syslinux/extlinux) -> compiled kernel (buildroot, yocto) -> root file system = rootfs (buildroot, busybox, yocto) -> kernel init (init) -> kernel, rootfs test (qemu-system-x86_64) -> package manager (apk) : (ex) Alpine Linux (busybox + apk, docker-container)

4.3. Making Minimal Linux Distro

===============================

kernel compile

=======================

https://phoenixnap.com/kb/build-linux-kernel

------------------------------------

make menuconfig

https://www.kernelconfig.io/config_fb_efi

cp -v /boot/config-$(uname -r) .config

make

=======================

kernel compile + rootfs + kernel init + kernel, rootfs test

=======================

https://youtu.be/ey3sKdOmPa8?si=WgAYeMTb4asHavER

------------------------------------

sudo apt update

sudo apt install qemu-system

qemu-system-x86_64 -hda boot.img -kernel ./buildroot-2024.02.4/output/images/bzImage -append "root=/dev/sda "

=======================

ttps://medium.com/@ThyCrow/compiling-the-linux-kernel-and-creating-a-bootable-iso-from-it-6afb8d23ba22

------------------------------------

wget https://buildroot.org/downloads/buildroot-2024.02.4.tar.gz

tar -xvf buildroot-2024.02.4.tar.gz

cd buildroot-2024.02.4

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install git fakeroot build-essential ncurses-dev xz-utils libssl-dev bc flex libelf-dev bison

make menuconfig

make linux-menuconfig

make

scripts/config --disable SYSTEM_TRUSTED_KEYS

scripts/config --disable SYSTEM_REVOCATION_KEYS

cd output/images

cp bzImage ~

rm bzImage

cp rootfs.tar ~

tar xvf rootfs.tar

rm rootfs.tar

rm linuxrc

sudo apt install vim

vim init

------------------------------------

#!/bin/sh

mount -t devtmpfs none /dev

mount -t proc none /proc

mount -t sysfs none /sys

echo "Welcome to my Linux!"

exec /bin/sh

------------------------------------

chmod +x init

find . -print0 | cpio --null -ov --format=newc | gzip -9 > ../initramfs.cpio.gz

cd ..

cp initramfs.cpio.gz ~

cd ~

------------------------------------

sudo apt update

sudo apt install qemu-system

qemu-system-x86_64 -kernel bzImage -initrd initramfs.cpio.gz

=======================

https://byeo.tistory.com/entry/Linux-Kernel-Compile-QEMU-%ED%85%8C%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8

------------------------------------

sudo su

apt install debootstrap

mkdir mnt && cd mnt

debootstrap jammy .

cp /etc/passwd etc/

apt install vim

vim etc/passwd

------------------------------------

mint::500:500:/home/mint:/bin/bash

------------------------------------

cd ..

dd if=/dev/null of=disk.img bs=1M seek=4096

mkfs.ext4 -F disk.img

mkdir m/

mount -t ext4 -o loop disk.img m/

cp -R mnt/* m

umount m

------------------------------------

qemu-system-x86_64 -kernel bzImage -drive file=disk.img,format=raw -append "root=/dev/sda rw console=ttyS0"

-nographic

==============================

kernel compile + rootfs + kernel init + kernel, rootfs test + package (apt, ...)

=======================

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=au3IapBlbyo

https://mvallim.github.io/live-custom-ubuntu-from-scratch/

https://www.willhaley.com/blog/custom-debian-live-environment/

https://www.willhaley.com/blog/custom-debian-live-environment-grub-only/

https://dev.to/otomato_io/how-to-create-custom-debian-based-iso-4g37

https://sourceforge.net/projects/eznixos/

------------------------------------

sudo apt update

sudo apt install qemu-system

qemu-system-x86_64 -boot d -cdrom DenOS-1.0.iso -m 512

==============================

4.4. References

kernel compile

https://phoenixnap.com/kb/build-linux-kernel

kernel compile with buildroot

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ey3sKdOmPa8

rootfs with busybox

https://youtu.be/asnXWOUKhTA?si=mGb7VDoHP8r7RMp7

https://medium.com/@ThyCrow/compiling-the-linux-kernel-and-creating-a-bootable-iso-from-it-6afb8d23ba22

https://youtu.be/QlzoegSu

package with debootstrap

https://youtu.be/L_r3z3402do?si=VkNxW80s5i7EPwyG

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MguYSubW368

https://gist.github.com/ravecat/63a0d49014b6187bebc68cf855d55a83

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x_MT1N8GAJQ

https://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/debian-26/how-to-install-debian-using-debootstrap-4175465295/page5.html

https://ivanb.neocities.org/blogs/y2022/debootstrap

https://mvallim.github.io/kubernetes-under-the-hood/documentation/create-linux-image.html

https://github.com/mvallim/live-custom-ubuntu-from-scratch

https://youtu.be/au3IapBlbyo?si=SCS5gK4ZKC8bKyag

legacy BIOS to UEFI

https://blog.getreu.net/projects/legacy-to-uefi-boot/

https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/742782/script-to-install-debian-has-uefi-issues-acts-inconsistently-across-machines

https://askubuntu.com/questions/625286/how-to-create-uefi-bootable-iso

https://www.linuxbabe.com/command-line/how-to-use-linux-efibootmgr-examples

https://medium.com/@ThyCrow/creating-hybrid-image-file-from-compiled-linux-kernel-and-initramfs-with-grub-c7599895b742

https://askubuntu.com/questions/1253207/why-cant-and-how-can-i-install-both-grub-pc-and-grub-efi-packages

bootloader grub2

https://github.com/adi1090x/uGRUB

https://github.com/ndeineko/grub2-bios-uefi-usb

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zZcjY9oNbik

etc

https://askubuntu.com/questions/445487/what-debian-version-are-the-different-ubuntu-versions-based-on

https://gist.github.com/ishad0w/788555191c7037e249a439542c53e170

https://gist.github.com/hakerdefo/5e1f51fa93ff37871b9ff738b05ba30f

https://snapshooter.com/blog/how-to-clone-your-linux-harddrive-with-dd

https://cdimage.debian.org/debian-cd/current-live/amd64/iso-hybrid/

https://www.linuxmint.com/download.php

https://byeo.tistory.com/entry/Linux-Kernel-Compile-QEMU-%ED%85%8C%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8

https://www.lesstif.com/lpt/linux-chrome-106857342.html

* Linux Distors file format

redhat : .rpm

Ubuntu, Debian: .deb

Solaris (.pkg)

Slackware (.tgz, .txz, .tbz, .tlz)

.msi (Microsoft Windows)

.apk (Android)

.ipa (IOS, IPadOS)

* repository

5. Howto Korean Language (Hangul)

6. 가상환경에서 Jupyter, R, python, Pytorch 설치 방법, 2024.7

venv 에서 Jupyter, R, python, Pytorch 설치

virtualenv 에서 Jupyter, R, python, Pytorch 설치

miniconda 에서 Jupyter, R, python 설치

LLM 설치 및 anaconda에서 Jupyter, R, python 설치

7. 무료 LLM 서버 만드는 방법, 2024.6

Open WebUI로 LLM 서버 만들기

8. Customized Pop!_OS의 Jupyter 에서 R 사용법

Customized Pop!_OS 의 terminal 에서

> IRkernel::installspec()

>q()

yes

jupyter notebook

9. References

Linux 2020 -

Yoon's App for android smartphone 2021

Korean English