Frequency Features

Fast Fourier Transform  Features (1 paper)

C. Wren, F. Porikli,  "Waviz: Spectral similarity for object detection", IEEE International Workshop on Performance Evaluation of Tracking and Surveillance, PETS 2005, January 2005.

Discrete Cosinus Transform Features (9 papers)

F. Porikli, C. Wren,   "Change detection by frequency decomposition: Waveback", International Workshop on Image Analysis for Multimedia Interactive Services, WIAMIS 2005, April 2005.

J. Zhu, S. Schwartz,  B. Liu, "A transform domain approach to real-time foreground segmentation in video sequences", International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2005, 2005.

W. Wang, D. Chen, W. Gao, J. Yang, "Modeling background from compressed video", International Conference on Computer Vision, ICCV 2005, 2005.

V. Reddy, C. Sanderson, B. Lovell, "An efficient and robust sequential algorithm for background estimation in video surveillance", IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, ICIP 2009, pages 1109-1112, 2009.

V. Reddy, C. Sanderson, B. Lovell,"Robust Foreground Object Segmentation via Adaptive Region-Based Background Modelling", International Conference on Pattern Recognition, ICPR 2010, August 2010.

V. Reddy, A. Sanin, C. Sanderson, B. Lovell,"Adaptive Patch-Based Background Modelling for Improved Foreground Object Segmentation and Tracking", International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance, AVSS 2010, September 2010.

V. Reddy, C. Sanderson, A. Sanin, B. Lovell,  "MRF}based Background Initialisation for Improved Foreground Detection in Cluttered Surveillance Videos", Asian Conference on Computer Vision, ACCV 2010, November 2010.

V. Reddy, C. Sanderson, B. Lovell, "A Low-Complexity Algorithm for Static Background Estimation from Cluttered Image Sequences in Surveillance Contexts", EURASIP Journal on Image and Video Processing, 2011.

V. Reddy, C. Sanderson, B. Lovell, "Improved Foreground Detection via Block-based Classifier Cascade with Probabilistic Decision Integration", IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology", 2012.

Wavelet Transform Features (1 paper)

S. Sengar, S. Mukhopadhyay , "Moving object detection using statistical background subtraction in wavelet compressed domain", Multimedia Tools and Applications, 2019.

Walsh Transform Features (3 papers)

H. Tezuka, T. Nishitani, "A precise and stable foreground segmentation using fine-to-coarse approach in transform domain",  International Conference on Image Processing, ICIP 2008, pages 2732-2735, October 2008.    

H. Tezuka, T. Nishitani, "Precise object contour detection using variable block-based video foreground segmentation in transform domain", International Workshop on Video Processing and Quality Metrics for Consumer Electronics, January 2009.

H. Tezuka, T. Nishitani,  "Multiresolutional Gaussian Mixture Model for Precise and Stable Foreground Segmentation in Transform Domain", "EICE Transaction on Fundamentals, E92-A, No. 3, pages 772-779, March 2009.

Hadamar Transform Features (1 paper)

D. Baltieri, R. Cucchiara, R. Vezzani, "Fast background initialization with recursive Hadamard transform", International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance, AVSS 2010, 2010.

Gabor Transform Features (4 papers)

J. Romero-Gonzalez, D. Cordova-Esparza, J. Terven, A. Herrera-Navarro, Hugo Jimenez-Hernandez, “Background Subtraction for Dynamic Scenes using Gabor Filter Bank and Statistical Moments”, MDPI Algorithms 2024.

G. Xue, J. Sun, L. Song, "Background Subtraction based on phase and distance transform under sudden illumination change", IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, ICIP 2010, 2010.

G. Xue, J. Sun, L. Song,  "Background subtraction based on phase feature and distance transform", Pattern Recognition Letters, Volume 33, No. 12, pages 1601-1613, September 2012.

Z. Wei, S. Jiang, Q. Huang, "A Pixel-Wise Local Information-Based Background Subtraction Approach", International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, ICME 2008, pages 1501-1504, April 2008.

Slant Transform Features (2 papers)

H. Haberdar, S. Shah, "Change Detection in Dynamic Scenes using Local Adaptive Transform", British Machine Vision Conference, BMVC 2013, 2013.

H. Haberdar, "Video-based change detection", PhD Thesis, Department of Computer Science, University of Houston, 2013.