For a long time Britain was under the Roman rule (43 AD - 410 AD). The Roman presence in Britannia influenced the languages of the Angles and Saxons. But the really significant number of Latin words came in the 6th and 7th centuries with the arrival of Christian missionaries whose lingua franca or common language was Latin. Today almost sixty percent of English words are of Latin origin or derived from Latin.
Here are some of them:
English
village
long
picture
antique
subway
fact
habit
fame
agriculture
beast
language
number
school
population
arms
desire
umbrella
annual
occupy
patriotic
peace
mother
corporation
empire
legal
mountain
gladiator
donate
verb
video
miserable
dictation
secret
Latin
villa (house)
longa
pictura
antiqua (old)
sub (under)
factum
habere (have)
fama
agricola (farmer)
bestia
lingua
numerus
scola
populus (people)
arma (weapons)
desidare
umbra (shade)
annus (year)
occupare
patria (native country)
pax, pacis
mater
corpus (body)
imperium
lex, legis
mons, montis
gladius (sword)
donum (gift)
verbum (word)
videre (see)
misera (sad)
dicit (says)
secreto