As a result of Unit 1 activities, the workshop participants will have collected hundreds of words, established the phonemes of their mother-tongue, and made initial symbol selections. Use the final couple of days to clean up data, document results, and practice writing in the new orthography.
Photographer Credit: Zeke du Plessis
"At the end of the first workshop (18-29 July 2016) we had approximately 800 words collected and recorded, a basic idea of the consonants, vowels and tone melodies...We also had an alphabet chart drafted, which was edited and corrected in the subsequent workshops."
- Dr. Ginger Boyd, Facilitator (Cameroon)
By this point in the workshop, the transcription of each word should now be updated according to the newly established orthography rules for vowels, consonants and tone.
Take time to proof each card, checking for accurate spelling, acceptable glosses, and appropriate labeling (i.e., N, V, or Other).
Now that vowel and consonant phonemes for the language have been established, the workshop participants can work towards creating teaching aids, such as posters and booklets. In addition to the alphabet poster and vowel booklet described below, the group may want to make charts listing different body parts, plants, animals, or other words related to a topic of interest. Whatever is not able to be completed during the remaining workshop time can be assigned as a post-workshop project.
When creating alphabet posters, it is recommended to include example words and pictures. The examples should be chosen collectively by the workshop participants. Including digraphs and trigraphs in the alphabet chart (such as <bh> and <ngb> below) is encouraged. Consider this first poster a draft to be reviewed and edited in future units.
A first-time alphabet for the Ndo / Kebhu [ndp] language in D.R. Congo
If vowel research resulted in a need for "extra" vowel graphemes, the language community may find it useful to have a vowel teaching booklet. These types of booklets help bring awareness of the language's contrastive vowel sounds and also provide writing practice for the new symbols.
Examples of the vowel sound represented by the symbol <i> versus the sound represented by <ɨ>
Learning to write fluently in the new orthography will take practice. Set aside time for participants to practice writing under the guidance of a workshop facilitator. Activities could include writing example words for an alphabet chart, transcribing words from a recorded word list, or writing down new vocabulary words to be included in the lexicon. Encourage participants to write directly into the newly-developed orthography as much as possible.
However, it is not recommended to write sentences this early on, since NPs and conjugated verb phrases will add another layer of complexity. These topics will be addressed in Units 2 & 3, respectively.
The workshop leader and other facilitating linguists should work together to write up the results of Unit 1 research and to enter the words collected into an electronic database. The original words written up on pieces of paper should be kept, since they will be needed again for activities in Units 2 and 3.
Linguists are encouraged to begin drafting a phonology sketch of the language at the conclusion of Unit 1, describing the vowel and consonant phonemes, their allophones, and their distribution. Notes should also be made of any orthography choices decided upon during Unit 1.
A typical PRL workshop will produce 800+ vocabulary words. Use the time between Units 1 and 2 to enter the words into a program such a FLEx or WeSay, along with a recording. In particular, entering words into FLEx will simplify the process of editing and printing a lexicon later on. Entries should include the singular and plural forms for nouns, the simplest form for verbs (e.g. the infinitive), glosses, and any tone melodies.
For language communities with a pre-existing lexicon, this time can be used to update previous spellings and add new words.
Word entries can be re-checked and revised in later units. Some workshop groups choose to print an initial draft of their lexicon at the end of Unit 4 to display at their closing ceremony. Later on, the community could expand the lexicon into a more extensive dictionary, which can serve as a reference point for the language development project.
Even after Unit 1 ends, participants should continue collecting nouns and verbs, using the provisional orthography to write them onto cards. They should also work towards completing any unfinished materials (e.g. alphabet poster or body part chart) and commissioning a local artist to create picture references for these teaching guides.