During the time period of slavery, enslaved black women and men endured a life of constant pain and fear for their lives. They were often stripped of their humanity and tortured in the most horrific ways. In the novels Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl by Harriet Jacobs and Women, Race, and Class by Angela Davis, both these books emphasize how black women and black men encountered harsh experiences of torture. Davis and Jacobs both exhibit in detail the affects oppression and slavery has had on the enslaved people and their acts of resistance due to slavery.
For black men and black women, they both endured devastating experiences through slavery. They were both beaten ruthlessly, denied their basic rights, separated from family, and were stripped of their dignity. Angela Davis explains in her novel how despite gender norms, black men and black women were both mistreated and performed many of the same tasks:
As Davis mentions the work performed by both black men and women, it emphasizes how slave owners treated their slaves as property rather than living human beings. It also indicates how slave owners were not influenced by gender conformities when putting their slaves to work. Not only did women experience similar working tasks on the field as black men did, women also endured sexual abuse from slave owners and other white citizens: “When it was profitable to exploit them as if they were men, they were regarded, in effect, as genderless, but when they could be exploited, punished and repressed in ways suited only for women, they were locked into their exclusively female roles” (Davis p. 2). This powerful statement of how women were controlled and used as if they were objects through the eyes of white men, strongly emphasizes how mistreated black women were during this time. In spite of the similar experiences black women and black men endured, Davis explains how women were also exploited to fit into female roles: nurturers, caregivers, and reproduction of children. Black women were forced to take care of their owner's children, while their own children were bought and sold. Black children were often neglected and separated from their mothers. For slave owners, they valued a black woman's ability to reproduce because this meant more property and slaves which in their judgement, suggested more money. For this reason, black women often endured a loss of humanity and felt objectified because of their slave owners.
Although both female, black women had a different experience of oppression than white women in Antebellum as a result of racial prejudice and because black women were most likely enslaved by the husband’s of many white women in Antebellum. For example, Harriet Jacobs’ not only experienced sexual abuse and harassment by her slave owner, but also by his wife. In Jacobs’ autobiography detailing her life as a slave, she explains her afflictive relationship with the mistress, Mrs. Flint: “The mistress, who ought to protect the helpless victim, has no other feelings towards her but those of jealousy and rage. The degradation, the wrongs, the vices, that grow out of slavery, are more than I can describe. They are greater than you would willingly believe. Surely, if you credited one half the truths that are told to you concerning the helpless millions suffering in this cruel bondage, you at the north would not help to tighten the yoke” (Jacobs p.30). This description of Jacobs’ experience with the jealousy built from this mistress due to the sexual relation her husband held with his slaves, emphasizes how Mrs. Flint felt violated from her marriage. She also felt insulted that her husband had sexual encounters with those inferior to her. For this reason, she felt it reasonable to degrade Jacobs and other slaves owned by her husband. This jealousy Mrs. Flint felt, stemmed from the oppression white women experienced due to the gender hierarchy. The oppression white women experienced resulted from coverture, where white women had no legal power compared to white men. With no legal prominence, their husband’s often mistreated and violently abused them. During this time, the way white women contributed to this society was through reproduction on their sons. This way, their sons can inherit slaves and property to continue their father’s legacy. This degradation of white women held them powerless against their husband’s and they often felt belittled just as black women felt. Although white women in Antebellum did experience oppression from their husbands, it did not nearly compare to the experiences black women suffered through during their lives as slaves. It was often difficult for black women and white women as shown through the relationship between Mrs. Flint and Harriet Jacobs, to see each other as allies because of white supremacy and how white women held power over enslaved women. For this reason, black women and white women found it difficult to find an alliance amongst each other in spite of the oppression both experienced.
Today, slavery continues to affect the lives of African Americans. For example, the current movement Black Lives Matter has strongly impacted the Black community. Over the years, African Americans continuously experience racial discrimination and racial inequality. Through police brutality and the death of George Floyd, this movement has challenged white supremacy and formed protests all over the world that focuses on change and to stop the violence against Black people. This movement began because of the ongoing cases where African Americans are targeted and killed during encounters with the police. The increasing rate of African Americans being killed, stems from slavery and the racial discrimination embedded into the American culture. Through the movement Black Lives Matters, it strongly demonstrates how slavery has continued to endanger / harm the lives of African Americans today, despite the strives to make a change in this society.
Despite the continuous hate and oppression held against the black community due to slavery, Black women continue to resist slavery. In Davis’ novel, she utilizes the story of Magaret Garner who was once a fugitive slave, in order to assert the gruesome affects slavery has on slaves. Garner was sent to trial for killing her own daughter because she did not want her daughter to be taken back to slavery: “I will go singing to the gallows rather than be returned to slavery -Garner” (Davis p.11). This statement by Garner strongly emphasizes how cruel and atrocious being a slave really is and how the experiences she endured, she does not want anyone else especially her daughter to experience. Stories like Garner’s, of having to kill her own daughter, strongly shows how truly horrible it is to experience life as a slave. This story was one of many that Davis indepthly explained, to show how enslaved black women were capable of resisting slavery despite how painful it was to them. Black women used their capabilities to defend themselves and learn to keep their humanity and dignity. In addition, Harriet Jacobs is another example of how black women resisted slavery. She resisted sexual harassment from her slave owners and defended her own body. She also was able to escape after seven years of mistreatment and abuse from her slave owners. As Harriet Jacobs and Margaret Garner resisted slavery, stories like these inspired many other enslaved women to resist slavery as well.
In conclusion, despite the resistance against slavery, there is still racial inequality and discrimination happening in the world today. As described in the powerful books by Jacobs and Davis, despite the hardships enslaved black women and men experienced, they were able to find themselves and find ways to fight for their dignity. These stories were written to influence and help black women and men today to never stop fighting for their equality and to continue to resist the affects slavery has left.
Despite the efforts the government has done and can do to apologize for the acts of slavery, physical actions by citizens must be put forth to see any change in this society. Slavery has lead to many issues including systemic racism. It has become so common to assume certain characteristics about someone based on their skin color and it has been normalized and embedded into our daily lives. This is known as horizontal hostility where one group of people of color adopt white supremacist views of another group of people of color. In order to take responsibility and repair these issues caused by slavery, my personal responsibility includes recognizing how slavery has lead to discrimination and racism amongst people of color.
I also feel it is my responsibility to educate myself on what is considered rude/inappropriate/unethical towards a certain culture. As a person of color, I understand how racism has hindered my ability to feel comfortable around white people and also the way I act around them. I also understand how people of color may feel inferior compared to white people and it is devastating to think that this mentality is so common for people of color. In order to help resist this mentality, it is important to educate others on embracing their heritage and backgrounds despite societal expectations of conforming to the white / American culture. I know many people of color feel uncomfortable and judged when around white people because of systemic racism and it is sad that people still feel this way. As I have grown older, I realize how important it is to be accepting of everyone and to be proud of who you are. The color of one’s skin should not determine one’s ability to do anything. Skin color should not embody the idea of beauty and it should not hinder one’s self-acceptance and self love. This is something that I believe is so important especially today.
I also feel it is my responsibility to educate myself on what is considered rude/inappropriate/unethical towards a certain culture. As a person of color, I understand how racism has hindered my ability to feel comfortable around white people and also the way I act around them. I also understand how people of color may feel inferior compared to white people and it is devastating to think that this mentality is so common for people of color. In order to help resist this mentality, it is important to educate others on embracing their heritage and backgrounds despite societal expectations of conforming to the white / American culture. I know many people of color feel uncomfortable and judged when around white people because of systemic racism and it is sad that people still feel this way. As I have grown older, I realize how important it is to be accepting of everyone and to be proud of who you are. The color of one’s skin should not determine one’s ability to do anything. Skin color should not embody the idea of beauty and it should not hinder one’s self-acceptance and self love. This is something that I believe is so important especially today.
In addition, in order to repair the harm of U.S. slavery, I will personally take people accountable for their actions and for my own if any offensive actions are visible. It is very important to understand what is offensive towards other people’s cultures and to recognize what has changed / evolved from the past that was once considered appropriate to say. For example, realizing that certain stereotypes are not appropriate to say should not be said simply because it is funny or because everyone else says it. This example is one of many that people still find it “normal” to say when it is in fact offensive towards a certain race.
Despite my personal understanding of reparations and my ability to make a change in our society, I still have a lot to learn and understand about the affects racism and slavery has on minorities. I am of Asian descent, but still have lots to learn about my own culture and my understanding of what is appropriate in my heritages, and also learning more about other cultures and their traditions. I believe it is so important to understand the history of slavery within all minority races and to fully grasp the importance of bringing love and peace to everyone despite one’s skin color.
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