Week 3:

9/9 Devices and More

Agenda:

Review from last week (Orientation and Tech terms)

Last week's class was recorded. Go to lesson.

Presentation

Discussion

Homework:

Review the lesson
Identify the components of your device (monitor, keyboard, tower, screen, trackpad)
Consider using your device to carry on a conversation with ChatGPT. Compare to carrying on a conversation with Alexa or Siri.
Set up your device for automatic backup (optional)
Review settings for performance
Clear your cache on a browser
Take the quiz

Recording

Did you miss the class? Or do you want to hear more? View the recording from our Tuesday class. Includes a pre-class description on how to create a filter in your Gmail account (student request).

Quick links:

Handout

Presentation

Quiz

Zoom link: https://sdccd-edu.zoom.us/j/9191959460?pwd=OXh0RE9ZTVZTWElTMUQ0ZzAxQzExdz09.

Passcode (if asked): emeritus

Introduction

In a class called Communicating with Technology, you can be certain that it will include the use of devices to communicate. Because how else can you use technology to get in touch with others? This class provides an overview of the devices we use to communicate from the obvious (computers, smartphones, tablets) and how to keep these devices up to date.

Things included in this lesson:

Information about our devices of communication
Putting a shortcut to your favorite website on your device
Maintenance tips (steps for a healthy device)
Storage on the device (phones and computers)
Clearing your cache (via your web browser)

Devices

Desktop:

A desktop computer is a personal computing device designed for regular use at a single location on or near a desk due to its size and power requirements. Unlike portable devices like laptops and tablets, a desktop computer typically consists of several components, including a tower (which contains the central processing unit (CPU), power supply, and storage), a monitor, a keyboard, and a mouse. Desktop computers are known for their power and performance, offering more processing power, larger storage capacity, and easier upgradability compared to their portable counterparts. They can be customized and upgraded with relative ease, allowing users to replace or add components such as graphics cards, RAM, and hard drives to meet specific needs. Desktops are versatile and can be used for a wide range of activities, from basic web browsing and document creation to high-end gaming, graphic design, and video editing. They remain popular in both home and office settings for users who require robust performance and do not need the portability of a laptop.

Laptop:

A laptop is a portable computer that integrates all the components of a traditional desktop computer into a single device. It combines a processor, memory, storage, a keyboard, a display screen, and a touchpad (acting as a mouse) into a compact and foldable unit that can easily be carried. Laptops are powered by a rechargeable battery, making them suitable for use while on the move. They are designed to offer a balance between portability and performance, making them ideal for a wide range of tasks from web browsing, document creation, and multimedia playback to more demanding applications like graphic design, video editing, and gaming. Laptops come in various sizes and specifications, catering to different needs and budgets, from lightweight and slim ultrabooks to more powerful gaming laptops. Additional features like a mouse and a portable DVD drive can be added as a "peripheral" device.

Components of a computer:

Operating system: Apple OS (Sonoma), Windows 11 or Chrome
RAM: Short term memory. Determines how much you can do at one time.
Processor: CPU (central processing unit), processes instructions.
Hard Drive: Storage on your device. Contents seen in your Windows Explorer or Finder programs
Ports: These are many types of ports, and you would want to see what your device is offering. Some that you might see:
- - HDMI: This connects the device to a TV or projector. Streaming option.
  - USB ports: There are a variety of USB ports. The key here is compatibility. They will be different sizes, and have different options. Type C is the newest. USB ports connect to things like keyboards and external drives,
  - DVI or VGA: These are the ports that connect your device (usually only desktop computers) to a monitor or projector. DVI is the new standard. If you have an old monitor, you can buy an adaptor.
  - Ethernet: Used to connect to the Internet. An Ethernet port can usually be found on the desktop devices, but you may no longer find on laptop.

RAM

CPU

Hard drive

Ports

Good to know!

USB 2.0 or USB 3.0? What is the difference? This short video outlines it and demonstrates the difference in performance in real time.

All in one

Two in one

All in One and Two in One:

An All-in-One computer integrates the system's internal components, such as the processor, memory, and storage, into the same case as the monitor. This offers a compact and space-saving setup, eliminating the need for a separate tower and reducing cable clutter. These are ideal for users who prioritize a sleek and uncluttered workspace. However, their compact design can sometimes limit upgradeability and repairability compared to traditional desktop PCs.

A 2-in-1 laptop is a versatile device that can switch between traditional laptop mode and tablet mode. These laptops offer a detachable keyboard or a hinge that allows the screen to fold back 360 degrees. 2-in-1 laptops are designed for users who need both the functionality of a laptop and the portability and convenience of a tablet. While offering flexibility and portability, 2-in-1 laptops might compromise on performance compared to traditional laptops, depending on the model and specifications.

Chromebook

Chromebook:

A Chromebook is a type of laptop that runs on Google's Chrome OS, an operating system designed to work primarily with web applications and cloud storage. Chromebooks are known for their simplicity, speed, and security. They boot up quickly, often in seconds, and automatically update themselves in the background. Since Chrome OS relies heavily on the internet for its applications, Chromebooks are optimized for online use, making them ideal for web browsing, streaming media, and using web-based applications like Google Docs, Sheets, and Slides. Chromebooks offer a cost-effective and efficient option for users who primarily work with web applications and do not require the extensive software compatibility offered by Windows or macOS laptops. They are particularly popular in the education sector, thanks to their affordability, ease of use, and the straightforward management and deployment tools provided by Google, making them an excellent choice for students and teachers.

Laptops designed for AI

Artificial intelligence has stormed our world, and computing will never be the same. There are now devices designed to take advantage of AI technology. These devices will come with a number of features:

· NPU Processors and GPUs: Computers with a neural processing unit (NPU) and/or a graphics processing unit (GPU) are more efficient at running AI apps and features. The NPU will be running at 40 TOPS (an indicator of chip performance, and representing the number of trillion operations a processor can execute per second).

· RAM: These computers will come with an entry level of 16 GB memory to handle the additional computing tasks required

· Storage: These devices offer more minimum storage for efficient workloads

· AI specific features: These devices may include things like real-time transcription, language translation and AI-driven productivity tools, which will improve the experience.

Examples of laptops designed for AI:

· Lenovo ThinkPad X1 Carbon Ultra ($1,361)

· HP All-in-One AI Desktop Computer 24” ($750)

· ASUS ProArt P16 16” Touch Screen Laptop ($2700)

Chromebook Plus

The very affordable Chromebook now offers an AI version, the Chromebook Plus. Features to look for include:

· Processors like Intel Core i3 or AMD Ryzen 3 7000 (for enhanced AI capabilities)

· RAM of at least 8 GB and 128 GB storage

· AI specific features like Help Me write, Magic Editor and Gemini integration

Examples of Chromebook Plus laptops:

· ASUS Chromebook Plus CX 34 with Google AI ($445)

· ACER Chromebook Plus Spin 714 ($699)

· ACER Chromebook Plus 515 Laptop ($447)

Read more about AI PCs:

· From Edge UP: Asus devices

· From DELL: The future of computing with AI PCs

flip phone

Phones:

A conventional phone is the old, flip phone. It is best for those who want only to use their phones for voice calling. It has limited video, Internet and text capabilities.

A smartphone is a multifunctional mobile device that combines the capabilities of a traditional cell phone with those of a computer, offering a wide range of features beyond making calls and sending text messages. It is equipped with a touchscreen for navigation and input, and it runs on an operating system (such as iOS or Android). You can install applications (apps) to perform various tasks, including email, web browsing, gaming, music and video playback, GPS navigation, and social networking. Smartphones also feature built-in cameras for photography and video recording, sensors for activities like fitness tracking, and connectivity options such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and mobile data for internet access and communication.

smart phone

tablet

Tablets and the iPad:

Tablets, including iPads (which are Apple's version of the tablet), are portable computing devices with a touchscreen interface, larger than smartphones but more compact and lightweight than laptops. They are designed for a wide range of tasks, including web browsing, media consumption (such as watching videos and reading ebooks), gaming, and basic productivity tasks like email and document editing. Tablets run on mobile operating systems, such as iOS for iPads, Android, or Windows, and support a variety of applications tailored to their platforms. There are also Fire tablets (Amazon) which offer an inexpensive tablet with limited features. Tablets often come with features like cameras, Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi connectivity. There are a few models that support cellular networks for data on the go.

iPad

Kindle (e Ink)

eReaders:

An eReader, or electronic book reader, is a portable electronic device designed primarily for reading digital books and periodicals. Unlike tablets and smartphones that have LCD or OLED screens, most eReaders use E Ink technology for their displays, which mimics the appearance of ink on paper to reduce glare and minimize eye strain, making them ideal for prolonged reading sessions. These devices offer long battery life, often lasting weeks on a single charge, due to the low power consumption of E Ink screens. eReaders typically feature adjustable text sizes and fonts to cater to different reading preferences, and they can store thousands of eBooks, allowing users to carry a vast library in a compact, lightweight device. Popular eReader brands include Amazon's Kindle, Barnes & Noble's Nook, and Kobo. Some eReaders also come with additional features like built-in lights for reading in the dark, waterproof designs, and Wi-Fi connectivity for downloading content directly to the device.

Amazon Fire Tablet (LCD)

Apple smart watch

Fitness testing on Apple watch

Smartwatches:

A smartwatch is a wearable device designed to be worn on the wrist, much like a traditional watch, but with advanced features that extend beyond timekeeping. It functions as a companion to a smartphone, offering notifications for calls, texts, and emails, allowing the wearer to stay connected without needing to take out their phone. Smartwatches are equipped with a touchscreen for navigating through menus and apps, and they often include fitness tracking capabilities such as heart rate monitoring, step counting, and GPS tracking for outdoor activities. Many models support downloadable apps, enabling a range of functions from music playback and voice commands to payment processing and calendar management. With their blend of connectivity, health and fitness monitoring, and personal productivity features, smartwatches offer a convenient, multi-functional tool for everyday use.

Smartwatches can be used with both Android and iPhones. However, for compatibility purposes, an Apple smart watch works best with the iPhone, while the Android smart watch works best with Android devices.

Android smart watch

GPS on Android watch

Virtual assistants:

Virtual assistants, such as Siri (Apple), Alexa (Amazon), and Google Assistant (Google), are artificial intelligence (AI) systems designed to provide users with assistance through voice commands, text input, or both. These assistants can perform a wide range of tasks, including answering questions, setting reminders, playing music, controlling smart home devices, providing weather updates, and much more. They are integrated into various devices, including smartphones, smart speakers, and computers, offering a hands-free and interactive way to manage daily activities and access information. Virtual assistants continuously learn from user interactions to improve their responsiveness and accuracy, making them an increasingly integral part of personal and home technology ecosystems. Each virtual assistant has its own set of unique features and is backed by its company's ecosystem, enabling seamless integration with a range of services and devices.

NEW

AI has created a number of applications which will function as virtual assistants. They include apps like Google Gemini, Chat GPT, Microsoft CoPilot, Perplexity and more. We will introduce these in the Thursday workshop and will also discuss these in the future when we talk about web browsers and search engines.

Maintaining your devices

These devices are not cheap! What are some ways that you can keep them running strong? Here are some ideas:

For Computers

Software Updates: Regularly update the operating system and installed software to patch security vulnerabilities and improve performance. This is important for security. While you are at it, use a reliable antivirus software and perform regular scans to detect and remove malware or viruses. You can find reliable antivirus software by visiting the independent testing site, av-test.org
Disk Cleanup and Optimization: Use built-in tools like Disk Cleanup on Windows or similar on other operating systems to remove unnecessary files. To find disk cleanup on your PC, enter "disk cleanup" into the search box on the taskbar. Mac does not have a specific tool for this, but later in the lesson, I will demonstrate how to delete individual files and folders via settings>general>storage.
Backup Data: Regularly back up important data to an external drive or cloud storage to prevent data loss. You can do this automatically with an online service like Backblaze, iDrive or Carbonate. If you have a Windows computer, you can set it up to automatically back up to your OneDrive account (you will probably have to buy more storage). Or you can purchase an external hard drive and set that up for automatic backup. More on this below.
Hardware Cleaning: Dust and debris can accumulate inside the computer, causing overheating and hardware issues. Clean the interior components and vents periodically.
Battery Maintenance: For laptops, practice good battery health habits, like not always leaving it plugged in, to extend battery life.
Driver Updates: Keep device drivers updated to ensure hardware components work properly with the operating system.
Resource Management: Monitor the computer's resource usage and close unnecessary applications to improve performance.

More information:

Disk Cleanup for Windows

How to automatically back up to your Windows computer:

Step 1: Connect Your External Hard Drive. Make sure it has enough storage space for your backup needs.

Step 2: Open Settings:

On Windows 10: Go to Start > Settings > Update & Security > Backup.
On Windows 11: Type "control panel" into the search box. Click on System and Security > Backup and Restore (Windows 7).

Step 3: Create backup: While in Backup and Restore, you'll see an option for "Back up using File History". Click on "Add a drive" and select your external hard drive from the list. You can also include settings like how often to back up, how long to keep the backups and which folder to back up (you can do some folders and not others).

Step 4: Start the Backup: Once you've configured your settings, go back to the Backup options page and click "Back up now" . This may take some time so be patient.

Step 5: Leave the External Drive Connected: Automatic backups require that your external drive remains connected.

Don't forget to occasionally verify that your backups are completing successfully. You can do this by going into the "More options" section and looking at the "Last backup" date.

How to automatically back up to your Mac computer (both on iCloud and with an external drive). If using iCloud, you may have to increase your storage on the cloud.

Backing Up to iCloud

Sign in to iCloud: Open System Preferences and click on Apple ID. Sign in with your Apple ID if you haven't already.
Choose iCloud Drive: In the sidebar, select iCloud and then check iCloud Drive. You can click Options next to iCloud Drive to choose which app data to store in iCloud.
Optimize Storage: macOS also offers an "Optimize Mac Storage" option. When checked, it automatically frees up space on your Mac by storing infrequently accessed files only in iCloud when your disk space starts to run low.
Photos: If you want to back up your photos to iCloud, select Photos in the Apple ID panel, then choose iCloud Photos. This will sync and back up your photos across all your devices.

Backing Up to an External Drive with Time Machine

Time Machine is macOS's built-in backup feature that works with an external storage device. Here’s how to set it up:

Connect an External Drive: Connect your external hard drive or SSD to your Mac. For the best experience, use a drive formatted as APFS (for macOS Big Sur or later) or Mac OS Extended (Journaled) for older versions of macOS.
Open Time Machine Preferences: Go to System Preferences > Time Machine. You can also search for Time Machine using Spotlight.
Select Backup Disk: Click Select Backup Disk, choose your external drive from the list, and click Use Disk. If prompted, you might need to erase the disk, especially if it's not formatted as mentioned above.
Automatic Backups: Ensure "Back Up Automatically" is checked. This will automatically back up your entire system to the external drive, including system files, apps, accounts, preferences, music, photos, movies, and documents.
Backup Options: You can click Options to exclude specific folders from the backup, view the estimated space required for the backup, and decide whether to encrypt your backup for added security.

Updating drivers:

Our list above mentions updating drivers. The good news is that if your system is working properly and you aren't being asked to update your operating system, you will probably never have to update your drivers. Still, what is a driver anyway?

A driver is a small piece of software that acts as a translator between the computer’s operating system (the basic software that runs your computer) and the hardware devices connected to it. When you connect a new device to your computer, like a printer, the computer doesn’t automatically know how to use it. The driver provides a set of instructions that tells the computer how to operate the device, similar to how a recipe book tells you how to make a certain dish. Without the correct driver, the device might not work properly, if at all. Keeping drivers updated ensures that your devices work as well as they can and remain compatible with your computer's operating system as it updates and evolves. Fortunately, most computers today are set up to find and install these driver updates automatically.

On a Windows device, you can update drivers using Device Manager

Task manager

Device manager

Monitoring your performance on a PC

In the maintenance tips, we are asked to monitor our computer's performance. What does that mean? Our computer has a limited amount of memory (called RAM) which allows it to do multiple things at once. Resource management is done within your operating system, and will determine which programs receive this limited memory. Some computers come with quite a bit of RAM (16 GB, 32 GB) while others are at the minimum (8 GB) . If your RAM is limited, you can do your part by closing programs which are not being used, and limiting the number of tasks you are asking it do do.

You can view your usage on your Windows computer by going to the Task Manager (right click on the taskbar and select task manager). In this app, you can monitor which programs are open, which are using more memory and information about other apps on your device.

You can also find information about particular components of your device. For this, you will go to device manager. To find this, just type "device manager" into your search box and click on the app.

Monitoring performance on a MAC

Like a Windows PC, there are tools on your Mac computer which can help you to see the performance of your Mac and to troubleshoot problems.

To find them, open Launcher (on the dock) and look for the folder called Other. Inside that folder are a couple of tools:

Activity Monitor: See how individual programs are performing in categories including the CPU (processing), Memory (RAM), Energy, Disk and Network
System information: This tool keeps track of everything connected to your device including hardware, the network and software.

Activity Monitor

System information

Storage on your device

Your device comes with a limited amount of storage, which is used for saving files, folders, photographs and videos, music and more. This storage is kept on the "hard drive", a piece of hardware in your computer and phone. You have the option of deleting any of these files if you need to clear space on your hard drive. Or, you can use other methods of storage (external hard drives, the cloud) to store files if you are running low on your device.

Finding how much storage you have depends on the device. Here is how to find this:

PC Windows: Go to Settings>System> Storage

To free up storage, you will go to your file explorer to find those large files and delete.

Mac computer: Go to Settings>General>Storage. You can then see what is taking up the most space.

Clicking on the "i" next to the line will open a window showing you the largest files in this category and allowing you to delete right there to free up space.

Settings>General>Storage

Click on the "i" to see what is stored. Select one or more and then click on "delete"

iPhone: Finding storage on the iPhone is the same as the Mac. Go to Settings>General>iPhone storage. From there, click on one of the items. If it is an app, you can choose to "offload", which means that the app will be deleted but data will remain. You can then reinstall the app by going to the app store. If you want to free more space and do not use the app, you can delete the app. This will delete both the app and the data.

Android: For most Android devices, you can find storage in settings>battery and device care>Storage. Tap on storage to see how it is being used and what you can delete to free up more space.

Clearing your cache

The cache is a type of temporary storage which makes it quicker to retrieve data from websites. While in your web browser, the cache stores copies of web pages, images and other media that you access while browsing. This allows the browser to quickly load the items from your temporary storage instead of downloading them again. This makes the website experience quicker.

Clearing the cache involves deleting these stored files. This can solve problems with outdated content, while freeing storage space and addressing privacy concerns like the storage of sensitive information. When you clear the cache, the browser is forced to download fresh data, which ensures that the most current version of the website is seen. Clearing the cache will mean that websites may load slower the first time you visit them again, as the computer is re-saving some of the data.

Although the process may vary depending on the web browser, here are the basic steps:

Open the web browser and go to settings (3 dots or 3 lines, usually in the top right corner).
Find the privacy or history section
Locate the option to clear browsing data or cache. The terms may differ but either one will take you to the right place.
Choose what to clear and the time range.
Finally, click on the "clear data" or other box to complete the step.

Click on the 3 dots (or lines)

Click on History

Click on Clear Browsing Data

Choose time, which files to delete, click on advanced for more files, then clear data

Summary

Lots to learn this week! Practice those things which are new to you while they are fresh in your mind!

Resources used:

Description of ports: https://vsbytes.com/laptop-ports/

Discussion of different smartwatches: https://www.lifewire.com/an-introduction-to-smart-watches-3441381

What to look for in a smartwatch: http://new.whatmobile.net/smartwatch-right-10-questions-answers-help-choose/

About smart home systems: https://blog.hubspot.com/marketing/smart-home-devices

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