Unit 1 Basic Math Review
absolute value
a number's distance from 0 on a number line without regard to direction
addend
number to be added to another number
amount tendered
money given in payment for a charge
base
in base, rate, percent problems the word "of" points to the base
cardinal number
counting number
composite number
any number that is not a prime number
decimal
based on ten, as our number system
decimal fraction
a number less than 1, represented in place value notation using a decimal point
denominator
number in fraction below the bar
difference
answer to a subtraction problem
dividend
the number being divided
divisor
the number divided by
equivalent fractions
fractions representing the same value
even number
number divisible by 2
factor
number that divides evenly into another number
factoring
finding the factors of a number
fraction
a symbol representing a piece of a whole, consisting of three parts: a horizontal bar, a whole number above the bar, and a whole number other than zero below the bar
greatest common factor
largest number that divides evenly into both the numerator and the denominator of a fraction
improper fraction
the numerator is equal to or greater than the denominator
integers
{...-4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, ...}
interval scale
a scale that uses addition and subtraction, but does not use division
invert
interchange the numerator and denominator
least common denominator
lowest number that both denominators will divide into evenly, with no remainder
least common multiple
smallest number into which two numbers can be divided evenly
lowest terms
the only common factor of the numerator and the denominator of the fraction is 1
minuend
number that the subtrahend is subtracted from
mixed number
a number with a whole number part and a fraction part
natural numbers
{1, 2, 3, 4, ...}
numerator
number in fraction above the bar
odd number
number not divisible by 2
ordinal number
first, second, third, ...
percent
per hundred, out of every hundred, or hundredths; in base, rate, percent problems without the "%" or the "of"
place value
the digits in a numeral have certain values depending upon their place in the numeral
prime factor
factor that is also a prime number
prime number
number that has only itself and one as factors; one (1) is not considered a prime number
product
answer to a multiplication problem
proper fraction
the numerator is less than the denominator
quotient
the result or answer of division
rate
in base, rate, percent problems always has the % sign
ratio
a comparison of two numbers using division
reciprocal
a fraction whose numerator is the denominator of another fraction and whose denominator is the numerator
remainder
the number left after the subtraction when a division is complete
repeating decimal
has a pattern of numbers that repeat
rule
standard
standard
rule
subtrahend
number that is to be subtracted from a minuend
sum
answer to an addition problem of addends
terminating decimal
has no remainder, or has zero as the last place order
whole numbers
{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, ...}
Unit 2 Purchase and Sale of Goods
algebraic expression
a math sentence that uses letters and operation signs
anniversary year
number of years ago car was bought new
asking price
selling price; cost plus markup
bar graph
compares quantities by using rectangles of varying lengths
base value
original value or cost of car
bodily injury insurance
insurance that pays for bodily injury of someone other than the insured
cents off coupons
a coupon that lets you buy a food item at a reduced price
collision insurance
insurance for damage to the insured's vehicle in a driving accident
comprehensive insurance
insurance for damage to an automobile caused by such things as weather, theft, and vandalism
constant
element in an equation that does not change value
cost-per-unit technique
method of comparing the value of two different sizes of the same item
depreciation
decrease in the value of a car with time and use
discount
a reduction of the selling price
domain
terms on the horizontal axis
downturn
a declining trend or tendency
equity
the value of the property
fixed cost
vehicle operating costs that do not vary from month to month
function
for any value in the domain there is one and only one value in the range
good driver discount
reduction in insurance rate for going a period of time without any driving accidents
independent variable
variable in an equation that can take have different values
interest
the cost for obtaining credit
lease
contract granting use of a car for a specific time period in return for monthly payments
liability insurance
insurance that pays for bodily injury and property damage of someone other than the insured
line graph
compares quantities by using lines drawn between points
liquidity
degree of readiness of conversion of an asset into cash
markdown
amount of reduction in selling price
markup
amount added to the cost of an item to get its selling price
medical payment insurance
insurance for medical expenses of the insured if injured in a driving accident
ordered pair
an expression written (domain term, range term)
overhead
costs related to rent, utilities, administration, equipment use and/or depreciation
point
the location on a graph defined by an ordered pair
prime rate
interest rate offered by banks to customers with the largest accounts and with very high credit ratings
profit
the difference between revenues from sales and total costs
profitability
yielding a profit
property damage insurance
insurance covering damage the insured person does to property that is not his own
quantity discount
discount offered on large orders
range
terms on the vertical axis
rebate
returns part of the price
recession
a general business slump
recovery
return to normal business conditions after a recession
residual
the car's value at the end of the lease
rule
an equation that shows how a variable is related to other variables
slope
ratio of the vertical change to the horizontal change of a line
surcharge
increase in insurance rate for having a driving accident
trend
general direction in which something is moving
upturn
an upward trend or tendency
variable
a quantity capable of assuming any of a set of values
variable cost
vehicle operating costs that vary with usage of the vehicle
y intercept
the value of y when x = 0
Unit 3 Leisure, Travel, and Retirement
contour lines
indicate places of equal height above sea level
eastings
vertical lines in a map grid system
estimate
getting an approximate answer
fixed direction
a bearing that does not change
great circle
the intersection of a plane with a sphere if the plane contains the sphere's center
itinerary
route or proposed route of a journey
map grid system
system of evenly spaced lines on a map that create a lattice
meridians
great circles that pass through any point on the earth's surface and through the North and South Poles
northings
horizontal lines in a map grid system
Pythagorean Theorem
in a right triangle, the square of the side opposite the right angle is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides
rate of exchange
rate at which the dollar can be converted into another currency
scale
a ratio used to convert the actual dimensions of an object to a more convenient size for a drawing
Job Related Services
altitude
distance of a line drawn perpendicular from the base to the intersection of the two other sides
base
any side of the triangle
circle
a plane figure bounded by a line, every point of which is equally distant from a point within called the center
cone
a solid with a flat, round base that tapers evenly to a point at the top
cube
a solid with six equal, square faces
cylinder
a solid bounded by two equal, parallel circles and a curved surface formed by moving a straight line of fixed length so. that its ends always lie on the two parallel circles
ellipse
a plane figure bounded by a line formed by the path of a point that moves so that the sum of its distances. from two fixed points remains the same
formula
uses letter variables to state a rule in the form of an equation
mixture problem
a word problem that involves mixing items or quantities of different values
overhead
costs related to rent, utilities, administration, equipment use and/or depreciation
proportion
a statement of equality between two ratios
pyramid
a solid having triangular sides meeting in a point. Pyramids can have either rectangular or triangular bases
ratio
the relation between two quantities expressed as the quotient of one divided by the other
rectangular solid
a solid with three pairs of opposite, parallel faces, one pair of which are the ends
rectangle
a plane geometric figure bounded by four sides with four right angles
sphere
a round geometrical body whose surface is equally distant from the center at all points
square
a special case of a rectangle whose four sides are all equal lengths
trapezoid
a four-sided geometric figure with two opposite sides parallel and two opposite sides not parallel
triangle
a plane geometric figure bounded by three sides and enclosed by three angles