Embedded Files
11/09/2020
Making sure everything comes out right.
Making sure everything comes out right.
Theory
Theory
Is the preparation process between design and printing.
The design is called a finished artwork.
Process:
Finished Artwork - starting off:
Things to check for the finished artwork:
Text (spelling, correct information)
Typefaces (embedded, appropriate fonts)
Page numbers
Files
Colour space
Proofing - final stage:
Final checks of the above
One 'final' copy is printed and sent to the client to check.
Scanning
300dpi for image prints
Set handwriting or text to 600dpi for extra sharpness
Printing
Many types:
Offset lithography: most common today. Offsets ink from metal plates to a rubber blanket (cylinder) to paper. A lot of commercial printers to do.
Engraving: produces the sharpest images. Image feels indented. Most law firms still use this.
Thermography: raised printing. Less expensive than engraving. Uses powder that's adhered to any colour ink. Mostly used for stationery.
Reprographics: copying and duplicating. So like photocopiers.
Digital printing: newest printing process.
Letterpress: 'relief' printing (i.e rubber stamps, images are higher than the surface)
Screen: aka silk-screening. Ink is forced through a screen with a stencil pattern. Used for ring-binders, t-shirts, billboards, etc.
Task
Task
File types
File types
Uses:
JPEG: Joint Photographic Experts Group
Is the standard format for images with lossy or compressed image data.
Lossy compression: some of the image data will be discarded when you save as a JPEG.
Lets you select at what quality you'd like the image
GIF: Graphic Interchange Format
Supports animated and static images.
Lossless: doesn't lose quality
PNG: Portable Network Graphic
A raster-graphics format that supports lossless data compression.
Supports transparent images.
Applications:
Photographs: usually JPEGs support photographs best because it allows you to select what quality it should be
Text: PNG because it supports transparent backgrounds, or GIF because of it's lossless format.
Transparencies: PNG because it supports transparency. Though some GIFs do use a transparent background, too.
Colour systems
Colour systems
Colour model vs colour space?
Colour model: method of describing a colour, using the values from the tuples of numbers. A mathematical way of describing colours.
Examples: RBG, CMYK
Colour space: a set of colours that can be displayed in a medium.
Define these colour models:
LAB
HSB
RGB
CMYK
CIE
LAB (or CIELAB):
Designed to 'approximate human vision'
It can be represented as a 3D model
a-axis - left to right: a+ is more red.
b-axis - front to back: b+ is shifting towards yellow
L-axis (the centre): black
Image reference: (Pinterest, n.d)
RBG:
Stands for 'Red, Green, Blue'
Contrasts these colours like a venn diagram
RGB is the colour model used for computer screens, so people who create things on their devices upload them to the internet with RGB colour setting.
Image reference: (Abraham, 2016)
CIE:
Stands for Commission Internationale de l’Elcairage
Uses a tristimulus (colours that are close to red, green and blue)
Said to 'reproduce any colour the human eye can see'
HSB:
Stands for 'Hue, Saturation, Brightness', where:
Hue is the defining colour group (ie. red, green, purple, etc.)
Saturation is the richness
Brightness is how much of a shade (like black) is mixed into the colour
It contrasts these together
This graph doesn't include darkness.
Image reference; (Pinterest, n.d)
CMYK:
Stands for 'Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black'
Like the RGB, it contrasts the colours into a venn diagram
Used for printing, because printers print in CMYK
Difference between additive and subtractive colour models?
Additive colours, or RGB, are originally black, and get their different hues, tones, etc. by having different light colours added to them. They get more white as more RGB gets added to them. This is present in digital artworks where the RGB lights on the computer add to each other to create certain colours.
Subtractive colours, or CMYK, are originally white, and get their different hues, tones, etc. by 'absorbing' (or subtracting) the light 'wavelengths'. This is present in printing which uses CMYK colour (because black is the centre colour, where the CMY have been combined to create it (going away from the white)).
In real life, real objects 'reflect' wavelengths of colour to look a certain colour. For example, a leaf is actually any colour but green (in a typical leaf) because it is actually absorbing all the colours (coming towards white) except green, thus reflecting (or subtracting it). This results in the green leaves we see today.
What does the Pantone Company do?
A company that specialises in colour selection
Consulting in colour selection
Custom colour standards, brand identity, etc.
Over 10 million people rely on their professional services to select, communicate and control their colour selections
Known for their PANTONE MATCHING SYSTEM® which is an effective tool for creating consistent colour selections
"Pantone’s color language supports all color conscious industries; textiles, apparel, beauty, interiors, architectural and industrial design"
Multiple material selections: textiles, pigments, coating, plastics, printing.
Also supports digital colourings.
Comparison
This image compares the colour models of RGB and CMYK using a spectrum.Image reference: (Wikipedia, 2020)
References
References
Light Colour Vision n.d, HSB Colour Model: Hue and Saturation, Light Colour Vision, viewed 11 September 2020, <https://lightcolourvision.org/resource-library/hsb-colour-model-hue-and-saturation/>.
Media Frontier n.d, CMYK vs RGB - when to use which colour model, Pinterest, viewed 12 September 2020, <https://www.pinterest.com.au/pin/399694535683005111/>.
Media Frontier n.d, CMYK vs RGB - when to use which colour model, Pinterest, viewed 12 September 2020, <https://www.pinterest.com.au/pin/644929609119094907/>.
Mouw 2018, LAB Colour Values, X-rite, viewed 11 September 2020, <https://www.xrite.com/blog/lab-color-space>.
Pantone n.d, About Pantone, Pantone, viewed 12 September 2020, <https://www.pantone.com/about/about-pantone>.
Wikipedia 2020, Colour Space, Wikipedia, viewed 12 September 2020, <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_space>.
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