Instrument & Equipment

We have a CT phantom, a height of 165 cm and a weight of 50 kg, utilized as a substitute for humans in general X-ray and computed tomography (CT) scanning procedures. The CT phantom possesses a complete anatomical structure with internal organs similar to humans, made from materials capable of absorbing radiation similar to human tissues. This aids students in learning and understanding general X-ray and CT images in transverse sectional anatomy, including accurate representations of skeletal structures, brain, cranial cavities, eyes, esophagus, lungs, kidneys, muscles, gallbladder, urinary bladder, etc. Additionally, students can learn proper clinical settings for both general X-ray and CT machines, closely resembling real practices.

The CR (Computed Radiography) system is capable of converting analog X-ray signals into digital images using a device known as an Image Plate, replacing traditional film usage. This enables the rapid display of radiographic images of patients on computer screens and allows for quick access. Additionally, the system can store data through the PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication System) and can print images in various formats such as film, paper, or CD.

General X-ray machines are used to capture images of patients using X-rays. They can capture images of various organs such as bones, lungs, and abdominal organs for diagnostic purposes by physicians.

The X-ray simulator aids students in learning appropriate patient positioning for X-ray imaging. Students gain confidence through hands-on experience with the equipment, allowing them to become proficient before using real X-ray machines. The simulated machine mimics the size, appearance, and control buttons of a real X-ray machine but uses a regular light bulb as a light source instead of an X-ray generator. This setup helps students avoid the dangers of unnecessary exposure to X-ray radiation.

Fluoroscopy X-ray machines are utilized by radiologists for diagnostic imaging to detect abnormalities within the body's organs in real-time. Common applications include examinations of the upper gastrointestinal tract and small intestine, where the machine can record the dynamic movement of organs such as breathing and swallowing."

The Ionization Chamber (IC) radiation survey meter is a portable device used to measure radiation levels, including gamma, beta, and X-ray radiation. On the other hand, the Geiger Muller Counter (GM) is also a radiation survey meter but is specialized in measuring radiation levels and contamination. It can detect alpha, beta, and gamma radiation. The main difference between the two devices lies in their suitability for different applications. The GM is typically preferred for measuring low radiation levels, while the IC is more suitable for detecting radiation in environments where there may be high levels of radiation leakage.

The mammography machine, or simply mammogram, is utilized for diagnosing abnormalities in breast tissue, aiding in screening or monitoring individuals at risk of breast cancer. It can detect abnormalities in breast tissue from early stages, facilitating easier treatment and reducing the risk of mortality.

The equipment in the anatomy and physiology laboratory comprises models of various systems, including the skeletal system, internal organ models, muscular system, circulatory system, lymphatic system, respiratory system, digestive system, urinary system, reproductive system, and endocrine system, and others. These models are designed to aid students in comprehending the mechanisms underlying the functions of the different systems within the human body.

The equipment and devices for quality testing of general radiography, fluoroscopy, mammography, and computed radiography include a digital KVp meter capable of measuring kVp, exposure time, and radiation quantity simultaneously, with a digital numerical display. This set comprises a focal spot test tool, HVL verification device, aluminum step wedge, tomographic examination tool, high contrast resolution checker, film-screen contact tester, grid alignment test tool, low-resolution contrast checker, and a collimator test kit, along with various tissue phantom models.

Equipment used in a general X-ray includes lead aprons, lead shields, lead skirts, lead apron belts, hangers for lead aprons, film viewers, pressure meters, temperature gauges, weight-height measuring devices, stopwatches, film cassettes with screens, film marker step wedges, radiography table bases, patient transfer aids, and various other accessories.