What is Functional Programming?

• Functional programming uses a series of function definitions which are evaluated as a mathematical expression to solve a problem.

• Functional programming is a declarative language.

• Functional programming is used in research and testing.

• An example of a logic programming language is Lisp, Python .

Advantages - 

• Easily testable code

• Use of modules that can be used throughout

What is Logical Programming?

• Logical programming is used to solve programming problems using a specific knowledge base.

• Logic programming takes a problem or question and will produce a solution based on this knowledge base.

• Logic programming is used in expert systems, machine learning and artificial intelligence.

• This would be known as a non-procedural language

• An example of a logic programming language is PROLOG .

Advantages - 

• Ideal for expressing complex ideas and algorithms

• Code will run more efficiently when implemented properly

• Helps with readability of code

What is a scripting language?

• a set of commands understood by the application software

• A scripting language ( is often embedded in other languages and) can add functionality to web pages

• Different software usually have different script languages and the scripts cannot always be used with other programs 

• These are usually embedded in another language and is used to control aspects of the software (and is a high-level language, i.e. interpreted not compiled)

What is Procedural Programming?

• Procedural languages are used to carry out action and calculations with an ordered set of instructions.

• Code is divided into function

• Focus is placed on the functions

• Procedures contain a sequence of instructions that are executed sequentially step-by-step

Advantages - 

• Supports a logical set-by-step process

• Allows the programmer to define precisely each step when perofrming a task

• Provides close control over the underlying operation of the hardware

• Enables similar operations may be carried out at varying stages of program execution

What is special purpose Programming language?

• used for problems such as expert systems, simulation or artificial intelligence

• Programmed to solve a particular problem

• Inheritance enables new objects to take on the properties of existing objects.

• A superclass is used as the basis for interitance.  A class that inherits from a superclass is called a subclass.

• Inheritance defines relationships between classes and organises classes into groups.

• Inheritance enables classes that are similar to existing classes to be created by indicating differences (rather than starting again) and thereby allows code to be organised and re-used effectively.

• As well as inheritance there are other fundamental concepts of object-orientated programming

  • • • • Abstraction - a programmer hides all but the relevant data about an object in order to reduce complexity and increase efficiency. 

        • Encapsulation -a process of wrapping similar code in one place. 

        • Polymorphism - that allows a specific routine to use variables of different types at different times.  It gives a program the ability to redefine methods for derived classes. 

        • Object hierarchy - It references descendants of objects acting as properties of an object. An example of this would be the object controlling a window (at the top of the hierarchy) having another object like the window's border acting as a property of the window.