There are two types of motivation, extrinsic and intrinsic.
Extrinsic motivation is when someone works to accomplish something for a reward, such as a treat, medal, sticker, etc. or to avoid a punishment or consequence.
Intrinsic motivation is motivation that is driven from within because it is internally satisfying. It is easier to motivate through extrinsic rewards to adolescents, but the goal is to have students be intrinsically motivated. This will occur through teachers modeling excitement for learning something new and students believing they are able to complete challenging tasks. Once students have adopted a growth mindset and mathematical mindset, they will be more inclined show the characteristics of resiliency, grit, and perseverance towards math and in life overall. They will find joy in being able to challenge themselves and work to accomplish those goals. This is where they will being to develop intrinsic motivation.
Attribution theory suggests that if students believe that they can control their learning, they will develop the resilience and grit to persevere in problem solving.