Anatomy & Physiology

For Bioengineering

Version 2022 - BG2119

CONTENTS

Front Notes

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Unit 1: Levels of Organization

1 An Introduction to the Human Body

1. Introduction1.1 Overview of Anatomy and Physiology1.2 Structural Organization of the Human Body1.3 Functions of Human Life1.4 Requirements for Human Life1.5 Homeostasis1.6 Anatomy Terms1.7 Medical Imaging

4 The Tissue Level of Organization

4 Introduction4.1 Types of Tissues4.2 Nervous Tissue4.3 Muscle Tissue4.4 Epithelial Tissue4.5 Connective Tissue4.6 Tissue Engineering and Diseases

Why are there missing chapters?

Yes, I can count. And knowing how busy you must be, I have trimmed the content of the average textbook by 60-70%, leaving the core essentials of what a budding Bioengineer really needs to know. (Actually some chapters like Molecular and Cell Biology, and Immunology, are covered elsewhere in your course).

Unit 2: Support and Movement

5 The Integumentary System

5 Introduction5.1 Layers of the Skin5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin5.3 Functions of the Integumentary System5.4 Diseases, Disorders and Injuries to the Integumentary System

6 Bone Tissue and the Skeletal System

6 Introduction6.1 The Functions of the Skeletal System6.2 Bone Classification6.3 Bone Structure6.4 Bone Formations and Development6.5 The Skeleton6.6 Divisions of the Skeletal System6.7 Fractures: Bone Repair

7 Axial Skeleton

7 Introduction7.1 Divisions of the Skeletal System7.2 The skull7.3 The Vertebral Column7.4 The Thoracic Cage

Why are these chapters greyed-out?

These are left in for your reference. Sometimes you'll need to look up a bone or muscle. Which is usually in Latin. Since modern folks are not sado-masochists (unlike those from previous generations), we won't be memorising these names.

8 The Appendicular Skeleton

8 Introduction8.1 The Pectoral Girdle8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb

9 Joints

9 Introduction9.1 Classification of Joints9.2 Fibrous Joints9.3 Cartilaginous Joints9.4 Synovial Joints9.5 Types of Body Movements9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints

10 Muscle Tissue

10 Introduction10.1 Overview of Muscle Tissues10.2 Skeletal Muscles10.3 Muscle Fiber Contraction and Relaxation10.4 Nervous System Control of Muscle Tension10.5 Types of Muscle Fibers10.6 Exercise and Muscle Performance10.7 Cardiac Muscle Tissue10.8 Smooth Muscle

11 The Muscular System

11 Introduction11.1 Interactions of Skeletal Muscles, Their Fascicle Arrangement, and Their Lever Systems11.1A Nervous System Control of Muscle Tension11.2 Naming Skeletal Muscles11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck and Back11.4 Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall, and Thorax11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs11.6 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs

Unit 3: Regulation, Integration, and Control

12 The Nervous System and Nervous Tissue

Introduction12.1 Basic Structure and Function of the Nervous System12.2 Nervous Tissue12.3 The Function of Nervous Tissue12.4 The Action Potential12.5 Communication Between Neurons

13 Anatomy of the Nervous System

Introduction13.2 The Central Nervous System13.3 Circulation and the Central Nervous System

14 The Somatic Nervous System

Introduction14.1 Peripheral Nervous System14.2 Sensory Perception14.3 Sensory Modalities and Touch14.4 Taste and Smell14.5 Hearing and Balance14.6 Vision14.7 Central Processing14.8 Motor Responses

17 The Endocrine System

Introduction17.1 An Overview of the Endocrine System17.2 Hormones17.3 The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus17.4 The Thyroid Gland17.5 The Parathyroid Glands17.6 The Adrenal Glands17.7 The Pineal Gland17.8 Gonadal and Placental Hormones17.9 The Endocrine Pancreas17.10 Organs with Secondary Endocrine Functions

Unit 4: Fluids and Transport

18 The Cardiovascular System: Blood

Introduction18.1 An Overview of Blood18.2 Hemostasis 18.3 Blood Typing18.4 Erythrocytes18.5 Production of the Formed Elements 18.6 Leukocytes and Platelets

19 The Cardiovascular System: The Heart

Introduction19.1 Heart Anatomy19.2 Cardiac Cycle19.3 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity 19.4 Cardiac Physiology

20 The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Introduction20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels20.2 Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance20.3 Factors Affecting Blood Pressure and Venous Flow20.4 Homeostatic Regulation of the Vascular System20.5 Capillary Exchange20.6 Circulatory Pathways

Unit 5: Energy, Maintenance, and Environmental Exchange

22 The Respiratory System

Introduction22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System22.2 The Lungs22.3 The Process of Breathing22.4 Gas Exchange22.5 Transport of Gases22.6 Modifications in Respiratory Functions

23 The Digestive System

Introduction23.1 Overview of the Digestive System23.2 Digestive System Processes and Regulation23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus23.4 The Stomach23.5 The Small and Large Intestines23.6 Accessory Organs in Digestion: The Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder23.7 Chemical Digestion and Absorption: A Closer Look

25 The Urinary System

Introduction25.1 Physical Characteristics of Urine25.2 Gross Anatomy of Urine Transport25.3 Gross Anatomy of the Kidney25.4 Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney25.5 Physiology of Urine Formation25.6 Tubular Reabsorption25.7 Regulation of Renal Blood Flow25.8 Endocrine Regulation of Kidney Function25.9 Regulation of Fluid Volume and Composition25.10 The Urinary System and Homeostasis

Unit 6: Human Development and the Continuity of Life

27 The Reproductive System

Introduction27.1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Male Reproductive System27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System

End Notes

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