There are so many good ones! Picking will be tough! Many that work on other tools work here as well - give them a try.
New Slide: Control m
Duplicate Slide: Control d
Undo: Control Z
Redo Control Y
Insert or Edit Link: Control k
Open Link: Alt Enter
Select All: Control a
Items:
Duplicate: Control d
Group: Control Alt g
Send Back: Control Down Arrow
Send to the Back: Control Shift Down Arrow
Front and to Front - substitute Up Arrow
Nudge One Pixel at a Time: Shift Arrow Keys
Resize Keeping Proportion: Hold Shift Key while dragging from a corner
Move Slides
Up: Control Up Arrow
Down: Control Down Arrow
To Beginning: Control Shift Up Arrow
To End: Control Shift Down Arrow
Presenting
Stop Presenting: Esc
Next Slide: Right Arrow
Previous: Left Arrow
First Slide: Home
Last Slide: End
Open Speaker Notes: s
Toggle Laser Pointer: l
Show a Blank Slide: b (press any key to return to presentation)
Google Slides is such a flexible tool - it will be very hard to hit all the good tips!
Publish Slides to share a view only in Full Screen (see the Docs tip)
Want a drag and drop background with elements that can't be accidentally moved? Create a slide just as you want it (without the drag and drop items), download the Slide as a jpg, open a blank slide, Click "Background" button, upload, find the jpg and upload as a background - add the drag and drop elements
Want to create something that will fit printed on 8.5" x 11" paper (or other dimensions)? File (scroll to bottom): Page Setup
Use View: Theme Builder to establish layouts, fonts, etc for your theme (this is powerful and a bit more advanced, see video below)
Use websites such as SlidesMania, SlideGo or Slides Carnival to pickup some great ready made templates!
If you want to share only a portion of a YouTube Video or a Video that is in your Google Drive, insert it in Slides and adjust the start and end times.
Word Art is great for large words and titles, you control Font, Color, Width and Height. (Insert: Word Art)
Give your inserted images a more polished look. Select image, click on small downward facing arrow next to crop and choose a shape, Add dimension, click snowman menu next to "Replace Image", Image Properties - add a drop-shadow, reflection, etc.
Animate your item. Snowman menu next to "Replace Image", "Animate" - choose the animation and how you would like that movement triggered. Click play to try it out, click on the slide to return to edit