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What is Differentiated Instruction?
Differentiation means tailoring instruction to meet individual needs. Whether teachers differentiate content, process, products, or the learning environment, the use of ongoing assessment and flexible grouping makes this a successful approach to instruction.
The Queen of Differentiated Instruction
Carol Ann Tomlinson
The Three Pillars Of Differentiated Instruction
Philosophy
Regarding diversity as normal and valuable.
Seeing every learner's potential for academic success.
Accepting responsibility for maximizing each learners progress.
Recognizing and removing barriers that deny many learners equal access to intelligence.
Principles
Creating environments that are catalysts for learning.
Building on a foundation of a quality curriculum.
Using assessment to inform teaching and learning
Tailoring instruction to assessment-indicated student needs.
Leading and managing a flexible classroom.
Practices
Alanning proactively to address, readiness, interest, and learning profile.
Basing instructional approaches on student needs and the nature of the content.
Teaching up.
Assigning respectful tasks.
Using flexible grouping.
Differentiated Instruction
Is a teacher's proactive response to learner needs
Shaped by mindset
And guided by general principles of differentiation
An environment that encourages and supports learning.
Quality Curriculum.
Assessment that informs teaching and learning.
Instruction that responds to student variance.
Leading students and managing routines.
Teachers can differentiate through...
Content
The information and ideas students grapple with to reach the learning goals.
Process
How students take in and make sense of the content.
Product
How students show what they know, understand, and can do.
Affect/Environment
The climate or tone of the classroom.
According to the student's...
Readiness
A student's proximity to specified learning goals.
Interests
Passions, affinities, kinships that motivate learning.
Learning Profile
Preferred approaches to learning.
Strategies & Further Information
Learning Profiles (Paige Harrison)
A learning profile is the complete picture of learning preferences, strengths, and challenges and is shaped by the categories of learning style, intelligence, preference, culture and gender.
What to include:
Skills, strengths, interests, aspirations and passions, likes and dislikes, life experiences, how ths student likes to learn, and struggles.
Teaching Up (Kelley Davidson)
Key approach to regularly make beneficial experiences available to all students, regardless of their backgrounds and starting points
Having high expectations for all of your students.
Working to raise your students levels of understanding
Creating a classroom that works for all students.
Tracking is not supported
Respectful Tasks (Grace Singley)
Students come into our classrooms seeking affirmation, contribution, challenge, power and purpose. Respectful tasks are responsive to those needs.
Tasks that are challenging, interesting, and worth doing. They allow students to explore skills and understandings.
What are respectful tasks in differentiation.
Content Differentiation (Lindsey Mullin)
Content in education is known as a defined domain of knowledge and skills
Videos, readings, lectures, etc.
Strategies
Tiered content
Providing a variety of materials
Presentation styles
Scaffolding
Learning contracts
Compacting
Process Differentiation (Hailey Drukenmiller)
How students make sense or understand the info, ideas, and skills being studied.
Reflects the learning styles and preferences each child prefers.
Three key elements
According to readiness. Matching the complexity of a task, materials and support to a student's current level of knowledge, understanding skill.
According to interest.
According to the learning profile. Encouraging students to make sense of an idea via a way of learning that they prefer.
Product Differentiation (Elizabeth Barns)
Assessing the skills students have learned at the end of a lesson.
Similar to performance task.
Summative assessments.
Demonstrates proficiency.
Essential knowledge.
Understanding and skills.
Apply and transfer.
Differ by providing more support in student interest and voice.
Affect/Learning Environment (Julia L.)
Climate or tone of the classroom; diverse content; diverse space.
Physical environment.
Flexible seating.
Word wall.
Safe and interactive environment.
Foam numbers and alphabet.
Accessibility.
Social emotional environment.
Brain break chair.
Five minute break.
Flexible Grouping
Comes in all types and sizes.
Include partners, small groups of a couple of students, and large groups of up to six students.
Be heterogeneous (made up of varying abilities) or homogeneous (made up of the same ability).
Be teacher led or student led.
Be assigned or self-selected.
Last for just one lesson or for a few weeks.
High Quality Curriculum (Bekkah Kehoe)
It helps them continually increase their knowledge, understanding, and skill in the disciplines.
In other words, high-quality curriculum helps all students grow.
Teachers in a differentiated classroom believe that high-quality differentiation begins with high-quality curriculum.
Building Community (Jessica Suarez)
Community building in the classroom is about creating a space in which students and instructors are committed to a shared learning goal and achieve learning through frequent collaboration and social interaction.
Hold Weekly Class Meetings. A simple but effective way to build classroom community is to hold meetings with your class once a week. ...
Focus on Gratitude. ...
Work Together Toward a Shared Goal. ...
Give Daily Shout-Outs or Compliments. ...
Let Students Have a Voice.
Continual Assessment (Ben Carlin)
Continuous assessment means 'the regular evaluation of the learning process'. This form of testing can be counted in whole, in part or not at all in the students' final scores.
Continuous assessment can take various forms, depending on the final objectives and competencies.
A few examples: Regular observation of practical skills or attitudes, e.g. nursing skills, your team's collaboration skills, collaboration during tutorials, etc.Regular feedback on your portfolio, paper, etc.
Elementary & High School Strategies
Literature Circles
“At its most basic, a literature circle is a group of students who gather to read, study and discuss books that they have chosen.”
Works on social-emotional skills through respectful conversation.
Teaches students the proper way to listen and respond.
Guided Math
Guided Math is a structure for teaching whereby a teacher supports each child's development of mathematical proficiency at increasing levels of difficulty, within the context of a small group.
Learning Menu
“ Learning Menus are forms of differentiated learning that give students a choice in how they learn.
Each choice on the Menu encourages students to engage in an activity that requires actively reading, re-reading, and then summarizing important textbook content.”
Learning Centers
“A learning center is a space set aside in the classroom that allows easy access to a variety of learning materials in an interesting and productive manner.”
Learning centers are usually designed to offer a variety of materials, designs, and media through which students can work by themselves or with others to operationalize the information learned in the classroom.
Reflection
A process where students describe their learning, how it changed, and how it might relate to future learning experiences.
Guided Reading
Guided reading is a small-group instructional context in which a teacher supports each reader's development of systems of strategic actions for processing new texts at increasingly challenging levels of difficulty.
Interactive Notebooks
Interactive notebooks are spiral or composition notebooks where students can organize their notes and classwork. They can be used for one or multiple subjects, and can have a specific layout or be incredibly free-form. They should cover the standards from each unit included, and should be used as a way for students to compile information about subjects learned.
Playlist
An individualized assignment chart that students work through at their own pace.
○ How it can be differentiated: Each student is allowed to choose what they want to complete and what they do at their own pace.
○ This allows students to create their own timeline that works best for them while having all students still learning the same information.
○ Students also are given a choice of assignments to complete and can show they understand the content.
Choice Boards
Choice Boards are a simple strategy that teachers can use to provide their students with choices in the kinds of activities they are going to complete.
● Although the teacher specifies which activities the student will choose from, the student gets to choose one from several sets of options.
Tiered Assignments
“Parallel tasks provided to small groups of students based on their similar levels of readiness to complete them”
Accommodate each student’s learning style
Tiered assignments do not lock students into ability boxes (does not allow tracking)
Assigned specific tasks within each group according to their readiness and comprehension without making them feel completely compartmentalized away from peers at different achievement levels.
Leveled Graphic Organizers
Main description of a graphic organizer: Provides a visual display of key learning content for students who have difficulty with organizing important information.
Project Based Learning
The students work on the project assigned over a long period of time
This allows the students to engage in real-world and personally meaningful problems
They show their skills by creating some sort of presentation or public product
As a result of the PBL students develop a deeper understanding of the content and develop critical thinking, collaboration, creativity, and communication skills.
Goal Setting
Goal setting is a SKILL - it is best to start teaching it early
Building this skill now will help them mold their future into one they want
Will give the students early wins and develop belief in themselves - self belief and self-confidence is so important!
Learning Contract
A learning contract is a voluntary, student-completed document that outlines actions the learner promises to take in a course to achieve academic success.
Differentiation Gurus (John Buttilio)
Howard Gardner
Multiple intelligences theory served as the foundation for Tomlinson’s concept of differentiated instruction.
Theory was used in helping teachers facilitate curriculum development, planning daily class instruction, and picking activities for a particular lesson.
Carol Ann Tomlinson
Has given more than 700 presentations at school districts across the country
Wrote seventeen different books
She came up with the name differentiated instruction as she was writing a grant with colleagues in a meeting
Carol's beliefs on differentiated instruction.
It is teaching with the child in mind.
Allows dail
Differentiated Tool Kit
Visual of my tool box
Strategy Labs
Strategy Labs
LAB 1.pdfLAB 4.pdfLAB 2.pdfLAB 5.pdfLAB 3.pdfDigital Upload for 420.3
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