This article discusses the computation and application of various epidemiological measures of effect in educational and developmental research. Specifically, epidemiology provides a potentially important perspective for studies identifying risk factors for health child development. For example, it allows for the examination of both individual-level risk (the impact of risk factors on individuals experiencing them) and community-level risk (the impact of risk factors on the overall number of cases within the population). In terms of individual-level risk, issues related to the use and interpretation of the risk-ratio, the odds-ratio, and the logistic regression odds-ratio are reviewed. In addition, community-level measures of effect, such as the population-attributable fraction percentage, are examined. Implications of the design methodology (cohort study, case-control study, or representative study) on the choice and use of these measures of effect are discussed. Data from a large-scale ongoing project in developmental epidemiology are presented throughout the article for illustrative purposes.