This chapter discusses the importance of considering the how the effects of parenting behavior may be different for different youth living in different environmental contexts. In the chapter, we introduce the concept of "precision parenting"--that is that parenting behaviors may have curvilinear effects that interact with environmental risk factors. For example, we present data that shows that for youth in low-risk social environments, moderately-low levels of control are related to low levels of behavior problems. However, regardless of parenting behavior, such youth had relatively few behavior problems. In contrast, for youth in more at-risk social environments, moderately-high levels of control were most beneficial. Furthermore, when their parents did not use the optimal level of control--using either too much or too little--youth in these at-risk environments had dramatically higher levels of behavior problems. This suggests that while parents in less at-risk environments should use lower levels of control, errors in their parenting--using too much or too little control--may have relatively modest consequences upon adolescent behavior problems. On the other hand, not only should parents in more at-risk settings use higher levels of control, the consequence of errors on their part may be much greater.