Several authors emphasized the importance of training for healthcare workers to enhance their skills and ensure they could perform their jobs effectively. Manda, et al. (2023), Creapeau, et al. (2022), Johnston, et al. (2020), and McCulloch (2011) identified that training workshops are the most effective to improve skills, foster resilience, enhance job satisfaction, and reduce turnover. Manda, et al. (2023) pointed out that rural healthcare workers attending workshops were provided with new skills, networking opportunities, and financial incentives, which motivated them to stay in their roles (p. 6). Creapeau, et al.  (2022) highlighted that training workshops are crucial for retaining Certified Nursing Assistants (CNAs) in long-term care facilities (p. 151-152). Johnston, et al. (2020) noted that there were positive benefits to staff being able to provide good person-centered care which resulted in the improvement of stress, burnout, and job satisfaction (p. 18).  McCulloch reported “Most reported improved staff attitudes, and six of eight reported significantly better teamwork after training. Five of eight studies reported improved technical performance, improved efficiency or reduced errors. Three studies reported evidence of clinical benefit, but this was modest or of borderline significance in each case. Studies with a stronger intervention were more likely to report benefits than those providing less training” (p. 469-479). 

Huang, et al. (2019), Hsiao-Ling, et al. (2024), and Belveg (2021) added that there was also lack of training. Huang, et al. (2019) emphasized that caregivers of older adults with advanced cancer face significant challenges due to a lack of practical skills training. This includes managing activities of daily living (ADLs), administering medication, and addressing patient needs effectively (p. 7). Hsiao-Ling, et al. (2024) acknowledged “In interactions with residents, it might be difficult for NAs to adequately express empathy, due to time constraints, the workplace atmosphere, lacking relevant empathetic knowledge and communication skills, and overlooking residents’ feelings. These challenges hinder the delivery of empathetic care, making it harder for NAs to effectively meet residents’ emotional needs” (p. 4). Belveg (2021) mentioned “Using forensic medical reports, Frazão et al. (2015) conducted a retrospective study examining elder physical abuse that took place in a residential setting. In their study, they found that 30.5% of the forensic medical reports indicated insufficient staff training or inexperience in patient handling techniques. This is a known risk factor found in this and many other studies for abuse and results in low numbers of staff being able to attend to residents’ needs, which in turn leads to excessive workload, stressful work environment, and professionals burning out” (p. 40).  

Brookman, et al. (2022), Forward, et al. (2024), Mitchell & Oermann (2017), Pennington & Driscoll (2019), Cacciapuoti, et al. (2020), Reader, et al. (2013) listed specific topics that were implemented into training. Brookman, et al. (2022) declared “Performing these tasks are a significant undertaking because the formal education of PSWs is varied. This reality has resulted in an increased need for research to ascertain if the knowledge and skills of PSWs are aligned with the work now being required of them, and whether or not they are receiving the necessary training to perform these tasks”(p. 2). Forward, et al. (2024), Mitchell & Oermann (2017), Pennington & Driscoll (2019) suggested that less experienced staff would benefit most from training with healthcare professionals to learn skills and become more confident on the job by closing that skill and knowledge gap (p. 5). Mitchell & Oermann (2017) claimed that unique skill sets are necessary for a successful transition to home healthcare nursing such as having the knowledge of all age-groups, life stages, acute and chronic conditions, cultural norms, seriocomic factors, and environments (p. 44). Pennington & Driscoll (2019) exclaimed that providing ongoing mentorship is the key to improving retention for nurses (p. 258). They also mentioned that “Agency-wide turnover rates for all home healthcare nurses decreased from 15.4% in 2016 to 10.1% in 2018, demonstrating the associated impact of these initiatives on staffing stabilization” (p. 257). 

Cacciapuoti, et al. (2020) and Reader, et al. (2013) agreed that homecare workers training should focus on working with patients. Cacciapuoti, et al. (2020) wrote “Studying the lived experiences of HCWs working with people with chronic diseases could increase literature on the knowledge of the HCW population and provide information to nurses, physicians, and researchers to develop specific training around the issues identified by HCWs. Understanding the work and emotional experience of HCWs could be crucial in implementing interventions to improve their psychological well-being, quality of life, quality of work, and care safety” (p. 477). Reader, et al. (2013) explained that in order to avoid patient neglect, there needs to be necessary dialogue between health-care staff and patients to meet their emotional and physical needs (p. 143).