Embedded Files
contents:
contents:
terms
terms
the endocrine system
the endocrine system
endocrine disruptors
endocrine disruptors
types of hormones
types of hormones
protein hormones
protein hormones
steroid hormones
steroid hormones
bibliography
bibliography
figure 1
terms:
terms:
hormones: chemical messengers that help with growth and development, fertility, metabolism, communication within the body, and many other important tasks
gland: an organ in the body that produces, stores, and sends hormones throughout the body
endocrine system: a series of glands in the body
prohormones: hormone in an inactive form
the endocrine system:
the endocrine system:
- the endocrine system is directed by the brain
- the brain sends a signal to the gland to produce a hormone
- the gland makes and then sends the hormone to the correct body part through the blood stream
- the hormone travels through the blood stream to a target cell
- the target cell has a receptor for the hormone
- the hormone attaches to receptor
- the target cell receives and responds to the hormones signal
endocrine disruptors:
endocrine disruptors:
- chemicals that inhibit or disrupt the hormones signal at any time while it travels through the body
- there are many types of disruptors such as:
- chemicals that mimic hormones to send a false signal to cell
- chemicals that block the hormone from entering the cell
- chemicals that make the target cell react in an incorrect way to the hormones signal
- these disruptors can cause:
- an embryo to not properly grow or develop
- an altering in how an adult functions
figure 2
types of hormones:
types of hormones:
- there are 50 different known hormones in the human body
- two main types of hormones:
- protein hormones
- steroid hormones
protein hormones:
protein hormones:
- may also be known as peptide hormones
- protein hormones are made from amino acid chains
- range from 3-200+ amino acids
- the hormones dissolve well in fluids
- the hormones are able to diffuse easily into the blood or cytoplasm
- delivers the message using receptors on the membrane of the cell
- protein hormones enter the receptor molecule on the membrane of the cell
- this makes the receptor molecule to change shape and activates a signal which goes into the cell
- this signal starts the correct response for the target cell
- this signal may act in the cytosol or the nucleus
- protein hormones enter the receptor molecule on the membrane of the cell
- these hormones are responsible for:
- growth
- division of cell
figure 3
example: insulin
- activates enzymes that exit the cell
- helps with:
- metabolism
- breakdown of sugars
steroid hormones:
steroid hormones:
- steroid hormones are made up of cholesterol
- the hormones themselves do not dissolve well in fluid, but they carry other proteins that do dissolve so they can diffuse easily into the blood
- when the hormone reaches the target cell, it releases the protein it was carrying and goes through the cell membrane to give the message through a receptor inside the cell
- the hormone enters the receptor protein either in the cytosol or the nucleus
- the hormone receptor then binds to the control center of a gene
- this will then start or stop the genes action
- changing the genes activation will change the amount of proteins made in the cell
- steroid hormones are responsible for:
- developing male and female characteristics
- muscle mass
- facial hair
- etc
- developing male and female characteristics
figure 3
example: aldosterone
- aldosterone helps to regulate fluids in the body as well as blood pressure
- as the fluids in the body increase, so does blood pressure
- this causes less potassium to be in the body and more aldosterone
hormone mechanisms:
hormone mechanisms:
- hormones usually start in an inactive form called prohormones
- prohormones are converted into their active form by target cells or enzymes
- hormones are made in small amounts but once a cell activates a protein, that protein can then activate other proteins, which activates other proteins, and so on
bibliography:
bibliography:
- websites
- Dunn, K. (n.d.). How Do Hormones Work? Retrieved October 12, 2017, from http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/nature/etc/hormones.html
- Zintel, T. (2016, October 06). To B(PA) Or To Not B(PA): Regulating Endocrine Disruptors. Retrieved October 17, 2017, from http://thatslifesci.com.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com/2016-10-06-To-B(PA)-Or-To-Not-B(PA)-Regulating-Endocrine-Disruptors-TZintel/
- Hendrickson, K. (2017, August 14). The Definition of the Protein Hormone. Retrieved November 07, 2017, from https://www.livestrong.com/article/402227-the-definition-of-the-protein-hormone/
- Insulin: Pancreatic Peptide Hormone. (2016, May 02). Retrieved November 07, 2017, from http://www.biochemden.com/pancreatic-peptide-hormone-insulin/
- What is the function of aldosterone hormone? | Endocrine System. (n.d.). Retrieved November 07, 2017, from https://www.sharecare.com/health/endocrine-system/what-is-function-aldosterone-hormone
- pictures
- figure 1
- Free Image on Pixabay - Brain, Biology, Abstract, Cerebrum. (n.d.). Retrieved November 07, 2017, from https://pixabay.com/en/brain-biology-abstract-cerebrum-951874/
- figure 2
- Zintel, T. (2016, October 06). To B(PA) Or To Not B(PA): Regulating Endocrine Disruptors. Retrieved October 17, 2017, from http://thatslifesci.com.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com/2016-10-06-To-B(PA)-Or-To-Not-B(PA)-Regulating-Endocrine-Disruptors-TZintel/
- figure 3
- File:Steroid and Lipid Hormones.svg. (2017, September 12). Retrieved November 02, 2017, from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Steroid_and_Lipid_Hormones.svg
- figure 1
- videos
- (2014, May 14). Retrieved November 06, 2017, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z-GXGR7AFpQ
- books
- DiGiuseppe, M., Fraser, D., LeDrew, B., Vavitsas, A., & White-McMahon, M. (2012). Nelson biology 12: university preparation. Scarborough, ON: Nelson Thomson Learning.
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