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Sometimes you must have seen black or white smokecoming from car, scooter, tempo or truck. This smoke is a byproduct of combustion process and from evaporation of fuel itself. This smoke is called pollution. It is also known as auto emission.
Auto Emissions
The Combustion Process When emission from automobiles carry unburnt hydrocarbons it causes air pollution. Pollution fromcars comes from by-products of this combustion process (exhaust) and from evaporation of the fuel itself.
The Combustion Process
Petrol and diesel fuels are mixtures of hydrocarbons, compounds which contain hydrogen and carbon atoms. In a “perfect” engine, oxygen in the air would convert all the hydrogen in the fuel to water and all the carbon in the fuel to carbon dioxide. Nitrogen in the air would remain unaffected. In reality, the combustion process cannot be “perfect,” and automotive engines emit several types of pollutants.
Emission Standards
•Governments and regulatory bodies all over the world sit down with Automobile companies and list down requirements that set specific limits to the amount of pollutants that can be released into the environment.
•Many emissions standards focus on regulating pollutants released by automobiles, and from industries, power plants.
•Emission standards are technology standard levels of nitrogen oxides (NO), sulfur oxides, particulate matter (PM) or soot, carbon monoxide (CO), etc.
Emission Norms in India
These are the standards set up by the Indian government which specify the amount of air pollutants that vehicles can emit. If these vehicles emit more than the prescribed limit, they don’t get a clearance to be sold in the market.
•Bharat Stage Emission Standards have been formed by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), of Ministry of Environment. Vehicle emission norms were introduced in India in 1991 for petrol and in 1992 for diesel vehicles.
•Since 2000, Euro norms are followed in India under the name Bharat Stage Emission Standards for four wheeled vehicles.
•Bharat stage III norms have been enforced across India since October 2010. In a few cities, Bharat stage IV norms are in place since April 2010.
•Bharat stage IV is proposed to be enforced throughout India by April 2017.
•The central government has mandated that vehicle makers must manufacture, sell and register only BS-VI vehicles from April 1, 2020.
•Upgrading the emission norms requires the industries to upgrade their technology, which in turn increases the cost of the vehicle.
•The Indian auto industry has proved its ingenuity, as well. Tata and Mahindra & Mahindra rolled out BS VI-certified models three to four months before April 1.
•Maruti Suzuki launched its first BS VI-compliant gasoline vehicle in April 2019, a whole year prior to the deadline. By January 2020, the company had sold more than 500,000 BS VI vehicles.
•Not only that, but the domestic brands completed BS VI research and development work mostly in-house
•Fuels also play a crucial role in meeting these emission norms. Fuel specifications have also been aligned to its corresponding European production norms.
***End of Session 2 of Unit-5***
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