Session-4
Construction Equipment Vehicles
Embedded Files
•Nowadays we could notice many construction works are in progress in and around our city, Such as apartments, Highways and Bridges .
•Quite often you would have seen large machines near the construction sites to dig earth.
•These are Special Purpose Automobiles and are sometime called Earth Moving Equipment.
•There are several types of earth movers such as:
Dumpers
Dozers
Road rollers
Excavators
Concrete Mixers
Trenchers
As their various names suggest they are used for various types of work like digging or excavating earth and dumping it at a designated place.
Dumper
Bulldozer
•A bulldozer is a crawler (continuous tracked tractor) equipped with a substantial metal plate (known as a Dozer Blade) used to push large quantities of materials.
•A bull dozer typically equipped at the rear with a claw-like device (known as a Ripper) to loosen densely-compacted materials or earth.
•Bulldozers can be found on a wide range of sites, mines and quarries, military bases, heavy industries, and farms.
•Bulldozers are large and powerful tracked heavy equipment. The tracks give them excellent ground hold and mobility through very rough terrain.
•Wide tracks help distribute the bulldozer's weight over a large area (decreasing pressure), thus preventing it from sinking in sandy or muddy ground.
•Extra wide tracks are known as 'swamp tracks'. Bulldozers have excellent ground hold and a torque divider designed to convert the engine's power into improved dragging ability.
•The Caterpillar D9, can easily tow tanks that weigh more than 70 tons. Because of these attributes, bulldozers are used to clear areas of obstacles, shrubbery, burnt vehicles, and remains of structures. The bulldozer's primary tools are the blade and the ripper.
Road Roller
•Road Roller: A road roller (sometimes called a roller-compactor, or just roller) is a compactor type engineering vehicle used to compact soil, gravel, concrete, or asphalt in the construction of roads and foundations.
•Similar rollers are used also at landfills or in agriculture. This typically only applies to the largest examples (used for road-making Road rollers use the weight of the vehicle to compress the surface being rolled (static) or use mechanical advantage (vibrating).
•On large freeways a four wheel compactor with pad-foot drum and a blade, such as a Caterpillar 815/825 series machine, would be used due to its high weight, speed and the powerful pushing force to spread bulk material.
Caterpillar 815
Dumper
Dumper is a vehicle designed for carrying bulk material, often on building sites. A Dumper is usually an open 4-wheeled vehicle with the load skip in front of the driver.
•A Dump Truck has its cab in front of the load. The Driver from the cabin can tip to dump the load
•They are normally diesel powered. A towing eye is fitted for secondary use as a site tractor. Modern dumpers have payloads of up to 10 tonne and usually steered by articulating at the middle of the chassis (pivot steering).
•They have multi-cylinder diesel engines, some turbo-charged, electric start and hydraulics for tipping and steering and are more expensive to make and operate.
Excavators
Excavators are heavy construction equipment consisting of a boom, dipper, bucket and cab on a rotating platform known as the "house".[1] The house sits atop an undercarriage with tracks or wheels.
•They are often mistakenly called power shovels. All movement and functions of a hydraulic excavator are accomplished with hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic motors.
•Excavators are also called diggers, JCBs mechanical shovels, or 360-degree excavators
•Sometimes, crawler excavators are also inaccurately even called bulldozers and backhoes, especially among common people.
Concrete mixer
•A concrete mixer is a device that homogeneously combines cement, with sand or gravel, and water to form concrete.
•A typical concrete mixer uses a revolving drum to mix the components. For smaller volume works, portable concrete mixers are often used so that the concrete can be made at the construction site, giving the workers ample time to use the concrete before it hardens.
Trencher
•A trencher is a piece of construction equipment used to dig trenches, especially for laying pipes or electrical cables, for installing drainage, or in preparation for trench warfare.
•Trenchers may range in size from walk-behind models, to attachments for a skid loader or tractor, to very heavy tracked heavy equipment.
•A chain trencher cuts ground that is too hard to cut with a bucket-type excavator, and can also cut narrow and deep trenches.
•The chain trencher is used for digging wider trenches (telecommunication, electricity, drainage, water, gas, sanitation, etc.)
***End of Session 4 of Unit-2***
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