Embedded Files
Steam Engine Toy - 1672
•In the year 1672 the very first Toy model was with a steam engine developed.
•It was created by Ferdinand Verbiest for Kangxi Emperor of Qing dynasty.
•This is a toy about 2 feet long and the power of steam was used to provide momentum.
In 1769 French Army Captain Cugnot was one of the first to successfully employ a device, for converting the reciprocating motion of a steam piston into a rotary motion by means of a ratchet mechanism
This vehicle weighed about 2.5 tonnes and it could carry 4 tonnes of cannon barrels traveling at a speed of 7.8km per hour.
Cugnot steam vehicle-1769
•In the year 1806, the first cars powered by an ‘internal combustion’ engine created by François Isaac of Switzerland. The fuel used for running this was a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen (fuel gas) instead of ‘steam’.
•Steam engine requires ‘External combustion’, whereas, fuel gas uses the principle of ‘Internal Combustion’.
•Karl Benz, a brilliant German engineer generally is acknowledged as the inventor of the modern automobile. In 1879, Benz was granted a patent for his first engine, which had been designed in 1878.
•Karl Benz founded his company Benz & Cie., in 1883. He designed and patented the first practical model in 1885, with an internal combustion Engine and it was called Motorwagen. granted a patent for his vehicle in January of 1886.
•In August 1888, Bertha Benz (wife of Karl Benz) undertook the first road trip by car, to prove the roadworthiness of her husband's invention. Benz began promotion of the vehicle on July 3, 1886, and about 25 Benz vehicles were sold between 1888 and 1893.
Victoria-Benz -1893
•In 1893, Victoria-Benz, first fourwheeler was introduced by Carl Benz powered with four-stroke engines of his own design.
Emile Roger of France, built and sold Benz automobiles under license, from Carl Benz of Germany.
During the end of the 19th century, Benz was the largest automobile company in the world with 572 units produced in 1899.
•By the end of 19th century, many automobile companies in Europe and America started producing different models. But they were very expensive and only few rich Kings, Queens and Rajas in India could afford them.
•In America the large-scale, production-line manufacturing of affordable automobiles was started by Ransom Olds at his Oldsmobile factory in 1902 to reduce the cost.
•This concept was greatly expanded by Henry Ford, beginning in 1914. With the introduction of this new manufacturing process, FORD Motor company launched the first large scale production of their Model T. In 1914, an assembly line worker could buy a Model T with four months' pay.
Ford model 'T'
Developments in Europe
•In England Morris set up its production line at Cowley in 1924 and soon outsold Ford, while they followed Ford's practice of vertical integration. in 1925, Morris had 41% of the total British car production.
•In France, Citroen, Renault and Peugeot were the major companies started producing cars in 1920. Those companies, produced 550,000 cars altogether in 1925.
Peugeot 5CV - 1924
Morris Bullnose 1913
Germany's first mass-manufactured car, the Opel 4PS Laubfrosch (Tree Frog), came off the line at Russelsheim in 1924, soon making Opel the top car builder in Germany, with 37.5% of the market.
Opel 4PS Laubfrosch
Mark V Tank
After First World War
•Between the 1st and the 2nd World Wars a lot of attention of the Automobile industry went towards development of defense vehicles. such as battle Tanks and Jeeps. The tank became very popular in the war field. It is a very versatile vehicle, which can run in cross country terrain, hills, deserts and tranches etc.
Volkswagen in Germany developed a car in the 30s, which looked like a crawling creature and was therefore called “Beetle” This model has the engine at the back and front bonnet was used as luggage compartment. This Stylish car was very convenient to drive and became very popular in Europe. Beetle reached a peak of 1.3 million in 1971. Volkswagen announced the end of production in June 2003
Volkswagen 'Beetle'
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